roelcke cgcia nitrogen 2011-01-12 for websitetran.zalf.de/home_ip-sensor/cgcia/workshop/marco...

www.nitrogen-management.org

Innovative nitrogen management technologies to improve agricultural production and environmental protection in

intensive Chinese agriculture

中国集约化农业中协调环境保护和生产力提高的创新型氮肥管理技术

Prof. Dr. Rolf NiederDr. Marco RoelckeTechnische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Geoecology

Prof. Dr. Urs SchmidhalterPD Dr. Yuncai HuTechnische Universität MünchenChair of Plant Nutrition


• China: 9% of world arable land, 22% of world population, 35% of world fertilizer consumption (FAOSTAT, 2009)

• Mineral N fertilizer use efficiency: 15%-35% (Chen & Zhu, 2002)

• In summer rice – winter wheat double crop rotations of the TaihuRegion in SE China, mean N balance surpluses were 217-335 kg N ha-1

yr-1 in mid-late 1990s (Roelcke et al., 2004)

• First national census of pollution sources: 4.7 million t of N discharged into water in 2007, 57% from agriculture, including animal husbandry, mineral fertilizers, human wastes (Chinese MOEP, Feb. 2010)

• These agricultural wastes caused by millions of farmers are much harder to control than industrially-derived pollution

Introduction


Lake Taihu, June 2007

Chang W. Lee, NYT, 2007

Unit: kg N per ha sown area

100 -149

150 - 199

200 - 249

<99

250 - 299

HEILONGJIANG

INNER

MONGOLIA

JILIN

LIAONINGBEIJING

TIANJIN

HEBEI

SHANDONG

JIANGSU

SHANGHAI

HENAN ANHUI

ZHEJIANG

JIANGXI

FUJIAN

(TAIWAN)

HUBEI

HUNAN

GUANDONGGUANGXI

GUIZHOU

YUNNAN

SHA

AN

XI

GANSU

NINGXIA

QINGHAI

XINJIANG

TIBET

HAINAN

ANHUI

SHANXI

SICHUAN

Unit: kg N per ha sown area

100 -149

150 - 199

200 - 249

<99

250 - 299

HEILONGJIANG

INNER

MONGOLIA

JILIN

LIAONINGBEIJING

TIANJIN

HEBEI

SHANDONG

JIANGSU

SHANGHAI

HENAN ANHUI

ZHEJIANG

JIANGXI

FUJIAN

(TAIWAN)

HUBEI

HUNAN

GUANDONGGUANGXI

GUIZHOU

YUNNAN

SHA

AN

XI

GANSU

NINGXIA

QINGHAI

XINJIANG

TIBET

HAINAN

ANHUI

SHANXI

SICHUAN

Provincial differences in average N fertilizer application rates per crop in the P.R. China for the year 2000

Ju, X.T. et al., 2004


• To reduce the excessive mineral nitrogen fertilization for a highly sustainable and resource-saving production in intensive Chinese agriculture

• Transfer and extension of innovative technologies, research results and management practices into Chinese agricultural practice and the agricultural extension services

• Bridging the gap between the necessity to reduce GHG emissions and water pollution from agriculture on a global scale, and the execution of concrete mitigation measures on the ground

• Chances for German agro-industry and SMEs to introduce their products and technologies into the Chinese market

Overall project goals

TU

BS

Uni

Ho

Uni

Gö

ZA

LF

K&S

N

SKWP

ABiTEP

Pfeffer

Project management TU-BS group

Prof. Dr. Rolf Nieder

Coordination: Dr. Marco Roelcke

Project management TUM group:

Prof. Dr. Urs Schmidhalter

Coordination: PD Dr. Yuncai Hu

TUM MERCK

Tec5

SKWP

Prof. Dr. Fusuo Zhang (Chinese spokesperson)

ISF(CAAS)

CRES(CAU)

ISS(CAS)

CCAP(CAS)

NATESC

TAAS

Project structure - Main work packages



Jiansanjiang

Quzhou

TianjinLangfang

Shouguang

Tonghai & Chenggong

Prof. FS ZhangCAU, Beijing

Dr. W Lu TAAS, Tianjin

Prof. WL Zhang CAAS, Beijing

Profs. ZC Cai, Y HanISS, CAS, Nanjing

Prof. JK Huang CCAP, CAS, Beijing

Huai‘an

Yixing

Huimin

Pilot counties and respective partners in China


Main work packages in TUM research group

New technologies and innovative agricultural practices in cooperation with German companies (tec5, Merck, SKW):• Green WindowsTUM in farmers´ fields• Nitrogen management sensor technology• On-farm nitrate quick tests • Enhanced efficiency fertilizers

Training advisors, on-farm demonstration and implementing guidelines on the national level in collaboration with the Chinese National Agro-Tech Extension & Service Centre

Top-down/Bottom-up approaches:

TAAS

Soil Nitrate Quick Test Technology

GreenWindowsTUM in Germany and China

Dür

nast

Lang

fang

Proximal Sensor Technology

Handy-Spec®Field Spectrometer(tec5, Germany)

”Intelligent“ Fertilizers: New UI and Field experiments Chambers for emission measurements

NH3/NOx-Messung

N2O-Messung

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

days following application of granular urea

NH

3 em

issi

on [g

NH

3-N

ha-1

d-1

]

0

5

10

15

20

25

tem

pera

ture

[癈] p

reci

pita

tion

[mm

]

precipitation

urea

urea + P204/98

temperature

„Intelligente“ Dünger ‐ Einsatz neuer Ureaseinhibitoren (UI)

(Schraml et al., 2005)

UI reduces NH3

emission up to 50%!


Main work packages in TU-BS research group

• Field trials on farmers’ field sites and vegetable greenhouses fordemonstration purposes: Five pilot counties from N to SE China: „3+x“ approach

• Testing of specific products and technologies in cooperation with Germancompanies (SKW, ABiTEP, Fertigation expert)

• Calculation of nitrogen balances on a field and county scale

• Agro-economical and agro-environmental investigations

• Simulation of the nitrogen cycle including regionalization

• Participatory approach and transfer of results

• Guidance of policy and decision makers

TU-BS research group:Field experiments”3+x“ approach –basic design

N fertilization treatmentsConventional Reduced Model‐based

ZeroN

Agronomical « x »‐(or high‐yielding) treatment

Agronomical « x »‐treatment


Field experiments in Yixing (S Jiangsu)M. Hofmeier, T. Lan, H.Y. Tang, M. Roelcke, Y. Han, Z.C. Cai, R. Nieder

• “3+x” experiments on farmers‘ field sites for demonstration purposes

M. RoelckeM. Hofmeier


Field experiments in Huai‘an (N Jiangsu)M. Hofmeier, T. Lan, H.Y. Tang, M. Roelcke, Y. Han, Z.C. Cai, R. Nieder

• “3+x” experiments on farmers‘ field sites for demonstration purposes

• Testing of stabilized N fertilizer with nitrification inhibitor (ALZON® SKWP) in exact field experiments

M. Hofmeier M. Hofmeier


Yixing:Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) instead of fallow over winter

Huai’an:Incorporation of chopped rice straw instead of straw removal (or burning)

M. HofmeierY. Han

“3+x” experiments: “x” treatmentsM. Hofmeier, T. Lan, H.Y. Tang, M. Roelcke, Y. Han, Z.C. Cai, R. Nieder


To significantly reduce the N fertilizer consumption through the use of suitable management strategies and products.

Reducing nitrogen application rates Improving nitrogen use efficiency

How?

Measurement of N requirement Suppression of nitrification (inhibition: chemically (Entec), physically (Cultan)

Testing products and techniques in the NCPT. Hartmann, S.C. Yue, R. Schulz, X.P. Chen, T. Müller

Aim:


Experiments in greenhouses in ShouguangT. Ren, L.Y. Wang, V. Römheld, U. Pfeffer, C. Nendel, Q. Chen


Economic and environmental investigationsParticipative transfer of results

• Quantitative farm household surveys in Jiangsu ProvinceHuai’an: n=34 households; Yixing: n=43 households

• Standard Gross Margin (SGM) calculations status quo of farms’ production efficiencyCost-benefit-analysis

• Environmental assessmentsWTP-analysis for clean drinking waterAnalysis of agro-environmental decision-making influence of attitudes, knowledge, social networks

• Development of different policy scenarios tax on mineral N, subsidies for reduced N use, quota, etc.

• Participatory workshop with farmersSWOT-Analysis evaluate a framework for policy recommendations

D. Weber, X.P. Jia, R.F. Hu, J.K. Huang, H. Bergmann, R. Marggraf


• Farmers’ field days in pilot counties

• Communicate the results to local level decision makers

• Round tables with other stakeholders

• Involvement of relevant Chinese institutions

• Forward recommendations to policy makers

• Final workshop with local government and ministerial officials

Participation and transferPolicy and decision maker guidance

BMBF FKZ: 0330800A-F Sept. 01, 2008 – Dec. 31, 2011MOST grant no. 2007DFA30850

Thank You !


roelcke cgcia nitrogen 2011-01-12 for websitetran.zalf.de/home_ip-sensor/cgcia/workshop/marco...

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