rocks minerals pac preview

8/14/2019 Rocks Minerals PAC Preview

1/22

ROCKS & MINERALSROCKS & MINERALS

TheTeachersDesk.info Page 1 of 22 Rocks & Minerals


2/22


INDEX CARDS, CHARTS, VOCABULARY,

WORKSHEETS, HANDWRITING PRACTICE

PAGES, LINKS, ANSWER KEYS

Charts 64

Vocabulary 68

Handwriting Practice Pages 69

Quizzes 75

Activities 78

Links 88

Teacher Pages

Summary of Cards 89

Vocabulary 95

Answer Keys 96

Activities 97

Links 100

PICTURE, MATCHING, & INDEX CARDS

Picture Cards

Uses 3

Three Types 8

Mineral Tests 15

Matching Cards

Uses 21

Three Types 25

Mineral Tests 32

Index Cards

Uses 38

Three Types 43

Mineral Tests 50

Activities 56


3/22


strong & beautiful

Some rocks are useful because they are

strong and beautiful. One of these rocks ismarble. Marble has been used in many

buildings. Artists carve marble into sculptures.

Slate makes shingles for rooftops. Granite is

used to construct buildings.

How are rocks useful?

It may not seem like rocks are useful, but

rocks and minerals are one of the mostimportant resources on the earth. We use

minerals in everything we manufacture.

There are over 2,000 minerals in Earths crust

making them the most common solid

material on our planet.


4/22


metallic minerals

There are metallic minerals and non-metallic

minerals. Some metallic minerals are iron,lead, silver, gold, and copper. Metallic

minerals can be melted.

minerals

Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. All rocks

contain minerals. Minerals are what rocks are made

up of. Minerals are pure substances made up of

only one chemical, or the "ingredients" in rock. Rocks

are a mixture of minerals, or "the cake." Rocks can

be identified by the kinds of minerals that make up

their composition. Scientists use tests to help identify

a mineral.


5/22


quarry

A quarry is a big pit of rock and stone. Large

rocks are broken into smaller blocks andstones. The blocks and stones are used to

make building materials. Dynamite is used to

blast big slabs of limestone. The stone is then

scooped up with a backhoe. A truck takes

the pieces to a factory where the stones are

turned into glass, steel, and cement.

mining

Mines are dug deep underground to take

ores from the earth's crust.


6/22


non-metallic uses gems


7/22


sedimentary rocks (sediment) layers of sediment


8/22


Mineral Hardness

Talc 1

Gypsum 2

Alcite 3

Fluorite 4

Apatite 5

Feldspar 6

Quartz 7

Topaz 8

Corundum 9

Diamond 10

Moh's Hardness Scalehardness


9/22

Earth's crust

The Earth's outer shell or crust is made up of a

hard, solid material called rock. Earth's crust is

about 30 miles (48 km) thick. The crust covers

the whole Earth. The rock crust is even found

beneath the oceans.

rocks are made of minerals

Rocks are made of minerals. Some rocks are

made of only one mineral and some are made

of two or more minerals.



10/22

changed by heat and pressure

Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have been

changed by heat and pressure. All metamorphic

rock was once igneous or sedimentary rock that was

changed by extreme heat or pressure. The heat

comes from volcanoes and other hot rocks beneath

the Earths surface. The pressure comes from the

layers of rock that press down on layers below them.

The minerals in the rocks change to form a new rock.

These are the hardest rocks on Earth and are used as

a building material.

metamorphic rocks

Metamorphic rocks are made from the two other

kinds of rocks. Limestone becomes marble when

it is heated and pressed. Shale turns into slate,

and sandstone turns into quartzite.



11/22

acid test

Acid tests are used to check for specific

chemicals in rocks. If a tiny drop of diluted

hydrochloric acid is placed on certain minerals, it

fizzes and gives off bubbles of carbon dioxide

gas. Vinegar, a weak acid, can be used in anacid test - it reacts to calcite. Certain minerals

react to acid tests in other ways by changing

color or dissolving.

flame test

In the flame test, tiny particles of mineral are

burned. Each mineral produces a flame of a

particular color. A small fragment of a mineral is

placed on the end of a platinum wire and held

in a flame. Different metals in the mineralchange the color of the flame (such as sodium -

yellow; copper - blue and green; potassium -

violet).



12/22

ROCKS & MINERALS

(3 types)

IGNEOUS

(made from fire)

Formed when magma (hot liquid

rock) from deep inside the earth

cools and hardens. Igneous rocks can

form above or below Earth's surface.

METAMORPHIC

(changed in form)

Formed when heat and pressure

inside the earth change one kind of

rock into another kind of rock.

SEDIMENTARY

(made from sediments)

Formed from particles of sand, mud,

shells, decaying plants, animal

remains, and pieces of rocks pressed

into layers.



13/22


Rocks & Minerals Vocabulary (page 1 of 2)

acid test: using chemicals to check for specific minerals in

rocks. Some acids, such as hydrochloric acid or vinegar, react

by fizzing; other acids react by changing color or dissolving.

cleavage: the way a mineral fractures or breaks. Minerals can

cleave into cubes, thin sheets, crystals, or irregular fractures.

flame test: when tiny particles of mineral are burned to identify

a mineral. Each mineral produces a flame of a particular color.

fossils: the remains or imprint of any plant or animal that is

preserved within rocks.

geologist: a person who studies the Earth.

hardness: a minerals ability to resist scratching.

igneous rock: rock formed by magma from deep within the

Earth or lava on the surface. Igneous means made from fire.

limestone: a rock made from animal shells and skeletons left

behind on the ocean floor when sea animals die.

magma: hot liquid rock.

metamorphic rock: rock that changes form by heat and

pressure from the Earths

crust.

luster: how a mineral reflects light. Some minerals are shiny and

others appear dull.

Rocks & Minerals Vocabulary (page 2 of 2)

mineral: a non-living substance found in nature made up of

only one chemical.

mineralogist: a scientist who studies minerals.

ore: rocks that contain metals.

properties: features of rocks that can be used in identification;

these features include luster, cleavage, color, hardness,

chemical make-up, the size and shape of the grains.

quarry: a big pit of rock and stone.

rock: a non-living, natural solid made up of one or moreminerals. All rocks contain minerals and can be identified by

the kinds of minerals that make up their composition.

sand: particles of crumbled rock.

sediment: particles of matter such as sand, mud, shells,

decaying plants, animal remains, and pieces of rocks.

sedimentary rock: a kind of rock that forms by fine grains of

sediment.

streak test: a test made by rubbing a rock across a piece of

unpolished porcelain tile in order to show a samples true color.

texture: a rocks surface - whether it is smooth or rough.


14/22

ore acid rock sand

test flame magma fossil

luster quarry streak igneous



15/22


16/22

cleavage hardness

property sediment geologist properties

metamorphic sedimentary



17/22

Circle the correct answer.

1 Scientists who study the Earth and its history are called:

geographers geologists mineralogists

2 There are ___ kinds of rocks

three four five

3 The word igneous means:

made from sediments change in form made from fire

4 Beautiful minerals such as quartz, topaz, ruby, emerald, opal, and sapphire are:

ore gems magma

5 Rocks are made up of:chemicals minerals sand

6 The ___ test will show the true color of a mineral.

acid luster streak

7 The hardest mineral is:

diamond granite talc

8 Luster refers to the ___ of minerals.

color shine texture

9 Particles of matter (such as sand, mud, shells, decaying plants, animal remains, and pieces of

rocks) is:

ore sediment minerals

10 Metamorphic rocks are made from:

fire sediment heat and pressure



18/22


acid test

rock and a limestone rock or sea

shell that will fizz

piece of chalk

eye dropper(s)

vinegarpaper towel and a plate or tray to

work on

This simple test helps you tell rocks that

are made of calcite from similar rocks

made of other minerals. Put a large

drop of vinegar on the chalk, then onthe rock or shell and watch what

happens for a minute or so. If the rock

is made of calcite, small bubbles will

start to form inside the drop of vinegar.

weighing

rocks

various rocks (large, lightweight

rocks or small, heavy rocks)

scale

Weigh and compare all of the rocks.

Place rocks in a row from heaviest to

lightest.

scratch test

selection of hard and soft rocks

pennies

paper clips and or nails

Scratch the rocks with a fingernail,

penny, and paperclip or nail. Sort them

into groups; which rocks can be

scratched with a fingernail, a penny, a

nail?

looking for luster

a selection of high and low luster

rocks

flashlight

magnifying glass

Some minerals appear shiny and others

appear dull when the light hits them.

This is called luster. A mineral with a

shiny luster is metallic; a mineral with a

dull luster is non-metallic. A mineral

with a non-metallic luster can look

glassy, pearly, or dull.


19/22


granite paper

white drawing paper

crayons (colors that are in granite,

such as grays, black, white, pink)

Place the paper down on a sidewalk

and rub with the side of a crayon.

Move the paper slightly and re-rub with

another color. Repeat with a third

color. The paper will resemble granite

and can be used to cut rock shapes

out of for notebooks or display.

metamorphic

rock model

modeling clay of various colors

waxed paper

books or other heavy objects

Roll clay into small, pea-sized balls.

Place them together between two

pieces of waxed paper. Place this on a

hard, flat surface and top with several

heavy books or other objects. Picture

these books pressing down on rocks,

producing pressure and heat, changing

them over time from igneous or

sedimentary rocks into metamorphic.Remove the books, and peel away the

waxed paper to see the results.


20/22

PROPERTIES OF MY PET ROCKPROPERTIES OF MY PET ROCK

Tools needed:

pencil colored pencils

ruler scale

water paperclip or compass

flashlight vinegar

magnifying glass white porcelain tile

coin knife or metal file

Name your pet rock.

______________________________

Prediction of rock type:

igneous metamorphic

sedimentary

Draw a picture of your rock.

Size:

small medium large

Length:

Inches_____ Centimeters_____

Weight:____________________

Dry Color (colors are not just white - what

shade of white? Grey-white, eggshell white,

golden-yellow, lemon-yellow, etc.):

White Gray Yellow Green

Black Brown Purple Red

Other:_________________________

Wet Color (water can cause minerals to

change color):

White Gray Yellow Green

Black Brown Purple Red

Other:_________________________



21/22


22/22

TEACHER PAGES - SUMMARY OF CARDS

USES

How are rocks useful?

It may not seem like rocks are useful, but rocks and minerals are one of the most important resources on the earth.We use minerals in everything we manufacture. There are over 2,000 minerals in Earths crust making them the most

common solid material on our planet.

strong & beautiful

Some rocks are useful because they are strong and beautiful. One of these rocks is marble. Marble has been used

in many buildings. Artists carve marble into sculptures. Slate makes shingles for rooftops. Granite is used to construct

buildings.

minerals

Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. All rocks contain minerals. Minerals are what rocks are made up of.

Minerals are pure substances made up of only one chemical, or the "ingredients" in rock. Rocks are a mixture of

minerals, or "the cake." Rocks can be identified by the kinds of minerals that make up their composition. Scientists

use tests to help identify a mineral.

metallic minerals

There are metallic minerals and non-metallic minerals. Some metallic minerals are iron, lead, silver, gold, and

copper. Metallic minerals can be melted.

ore

Rocks that contain metals are called ores. Metals such as iron, lead, aluminum, copper, gold, and silver are found in

rocks. Most of the metals people use come from ores. The mineral pyrite looks like gold and is sometimes referred to

as fools gold.

metallic rock usesCoins are made of metals found in rock. Most tools and machines are also made of metals. Steel is made when iron

ore (rock that contains iron), carbon, and limestone are heated in a very hot furnace.

non-metallic uses

Some non-metallic minerals are granite, limestone, quartz, salt, and sulfur. We use non-metallic minerals inalmost everything that is produced: talcum powder, chalk, cement, glass, medicine, fuel, rubber, paint,matches, dishes, cooking pans, cleaning products, roads, and buildings.


rocks minerals pac preview

Documents