ROCKS

Marble

Sandstone, Marble and Granite

Granite

Korean War Memorial is actually made from stainless steel…..But I really like it so I wanted to show it to you

Red Granite

I WILL BE ABLE TO… Arrange and define 4 stages of sedimentary rock

formation. Describe the difference between intrusive and

extrusive igneous rock. Recognize the difference between foliated and

unfoliated List common uses for 3 different types of rocks Apply the rock cycle Distinguish between the 3 classifications of rocks Illustrate how a rock becomes a metamorphic rock Evaluate rocks to determine their classification

and names

DEFINITIONRocks are the hard part of the

earth

Rocks are composed of one or more minerals

Rocks can be made up of organic matter

HOW TO CLASSIFY ROCKS•Color• Mineral Composition

•Texture• Grain size• Grain shape• Grain pattern

COLORThis is a quick easy to observe

property that can point you in the right direction.

Helps identify mineral composition

Granite

TEXTUREGrain sizeGrain patternGrain shape

GRAIN SIZE

Fine Grained

Medium Grained

Course Grained

GRAIN SHAPE

Rounded grain Angular grain

GRAIN PATTERN

Banded Non Banded

THREE CLASSIFICATIONS OF ROCKSIgneous

Sedimentary

Metamorphic

IGNEOUS ROCKSFire rocks

IGNEOUSIgneous Rocks are formed form lava or magma.

EXTRUSIVE Rocks formed form lava. These are

also called volcanic rocks.PumiceBasaltObsidian

INTRUSIVEFormed from magma

GraniteGabbaroDiorite

COOLING RATESFast cooling have shinny

reflections.

Slow cooling have visible crystals

GRANITE• Light-colored,

coarse- grained, no pattern

• Mostly quartz, feldspar, mica, and hornblende

• Often used for buildings and monuments

BASALT• Dark-colored, fine-

grained, extrusive• Formed where lava

erupted onto surface• Most widespread

igneous rocks• Found locally in the

Palisades along west shore of Hudson River, Connecticut River valley

GABBRO• Dark-colored,

coarse- grained intrusive

• Similar composition to basalt—plagioclase feldspar with some pyroxene and olivine

Obsidian

• Natural volcanic glass

• Forms when lava cools very quickly

• Usually dark, but small pieces may be clear

• Fractures along curved (conchoidal) surface

• Used as spear and arrow points, knives

USES

BuildingsCountertops

Aggregate

Soap

SEDIMENTARY ROCKSPacked Rocks

SEDIMENTARY Formed from fragments of rocks and minerals

that break up or dissolve into water.

FORMATION PROCESS Erosion

Deposition

Compaction

Cementation

EROSION Wearing away of rocks by wind, water,

or ice.

DEPOSITION Sediment settling out of the wind or

water that is carrying it.

COMPACTION Process of sediment settling together

CEMENTATION Process of dissolved minerals

crystallizing and gluing rock sediments together.

TYPES Clastic Organic Chemical

CLASTIC Sedimentary Rocks composed of sediment

and rock fragments that have been deposited, compacted and cemented.

PINK SANDSTONE Pink or reddish in color

Composed of quartz and feldspar minerals Texture

Medium Grain Size Angular or Rounded Grain Well sorted, no banding Slightly porous

CONGLOMERATE Color

Tan to dark brown with nearly any color spots

Fragments of all types of rocks usually cemented by quartz, iron oxides, or calcite.

TextureVery courseRounded GrainNon banded

BRECCIA Color

Light brown or tan with grey white or black spots

Composed of all types of rocks and cemented by salts

TextureVery courseAngular Non banded

ORGANIC Made from the organic material that has

been deposited, compacted and cemented

COAL Color

Black or dark grey Texture

Medium-Fine grainedAngular or roundedNon banded

ORGANIC/FOSSIL SANDSTONE Color

Light colored, white to yellow or tan Texture

Medium or fine grained Angular fragments Non banded May have distinct fossils

DIATOMITE Color

Light brown or tan Composed of silica from hard celled algae

Texture Fine grained Rounded or Angular Non banded Powdery

CHEMICAL Rocks that are formed form minerals that

were once dissolved in water usually left behind after evaporation.

Alabaster

Rock Gypsum

Rock Salt

USES

Cement

Building Stones

Fuel Fiberglass

METAMORPHIC ROCKChanged Rock

METAMORPHIC Formed by heat and pressure of other rocks

deep in the earth

REGIONAL Plates get pushed under and thus

pressurized and heated Plates get pushed up into mountains

CONTACT Lava veins shooting up near rock give off

intense heat

FOLIATED These rocks have a banded texture. Can layers of the same rock or of crystals

FOLDED SCHIST Color

Tan with colored bands Texture

Medium grained Angular Banded Wavy

SLATE Color

Black Texture

Fine grained Angular grains Banded

GNEISS Color

Dark and light color bands Texture

Coarse grained Angular grains Banded

NON FOLIATED

No bands or lines running across the minerals

Quartzite Marble

QUARTZITE Color

Pale brown Texture

Medium grain Angular No bands (non foliated)

MARBLE Color

White or grayish Texture

Course, medium and fine grains Angular grains Non banded (non foliated)

USES

Sculptures

Flooring

Roofing