SAND80-2469 ,.

Unlimited Retease ,-UC-60 .%

k.

,’. 4,.....

Comparison of Field and Wind TunnelDarrieus Wind Turbine Data

..,. ,..

.,.,,

,..

Robert E. Sheldahl -----

Is-sued by Sandia National Laboratories, operated for the United States Department ofEnerev bv Sandia Corporation.~.NOTICE: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of theUnited States Government. .Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof,nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or theiremployees, makes any wazranty, express m unplied, or assume’s any legal liability orresponsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus,product, or process disclosed, or represents that Its us: would not infringe privatelyowned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or serviceby trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute orImply Its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by tbe United .States Government,any agency ,thereof or any of their contractors or subcontractors. The views and opinionsexpressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United StatesGovernment, any agency thereof or any of theti contractors or subcontractors.

Printed In the United States of America

Available fromNational Techmcal Information Service

U. S. Department of Commerce

5285 Port Royal RoadSpringfield, VA 22161

NTIS price codes

Pr\nted copy: $5.00

Mlcrof!che ccpy: AO1

SAND80-2469Unlimited ReleasePrinted January 1981

DistributionCategory UC-60

Comparison of Field andWind Tunnel Darrieus WindTurbine Data

Robert E. SheldahlAerothermodynamics Division 5633Sandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerque, New Mexico 87185

AbstractA 2-m-dia Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with NACA-0012 bladeswas extensively tested in the Vought Corporation Low Speed WindTunnel. This same turbine was installed in the field at the SandiaNational Laboratories Wind Turbine Test Site and operated to deter-mine if field data corresponded to data obtained in the wind tunnel. It isbelieved that the accuracy of the wind tunnel test data was verified andthus the credibility of that data base was further established.

AcknowledgmentThe efforts of the personnel in Sandia National Laboratories’ AdvancedEnergy Projects Division are greatly appreciated.

4

NomenclatureA,

c

Cp

J

KP

L

N

QR

Re,

Va

x

l%

Pm

cd

u

I’urbine swept area

Blade chord length

Pc~wer Coefficient,Qo

+p~V~A,

vAdvance ratio, ~

Performance coefficient,Q~

+PmA$RW)3

Bkade length

Number of blades

Turbine aerodynamic torque

Turbine maximum radiuspWRuc

Chord Reynolds number, ————Pm

Average freestream velocity

Turbine tip-speed ratio, ~m

Freestream viscosity

Freestream density

Turbine rotational speedNcL

Solidity, ~s

5.6

Comparison of Field andWind Tunnel Darrieus WindTurbine Data

IntroductionA 2-m-dia Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

with NACA-0012 airfoil blades was extensively test-ed in the Vought Corporation Low Speed Wind Tun-nel.l, 2The data obtained from these tests were used asthe data base for the development of other turbines.Concern about the applicability of wind-tunnel data,obtained under ideal conditions, to turbines operat-ing in the field precipitated the installation of thewind-tunnel model in the field at the Sandia Nation-al Laboratories Wind Turbine Site. The 2-m turbinewas operated for a limited amount of time to deter-mine if field data corresponded to data obtained inthe wind tunnel. The results of this direct compari-son are presented.

Test Model and FacilitiesFigure I shows a downstream view of the 2-m-dia

model in the 4.6- x 6.1-m (15- x 20-ft) wind-tunnel testsection. Controls for both the wind turbine and thewind tunnel are located behind the windows shownon the right side of the figure. The turbine bladesattached to the rotating tower were machined from ahigh-strength aluminum alloy (7075-T6) to theNACA-0012 airfoil section as a flat ribbon and thenformed to the curved shape. The shape is a straightline/circular arc approximation of the troposkien.1 ZThe height of the turbine blades is 2 m (distancebetween upper and lower virtual intersections of theblades with the turbine axis), with a maximum radiusat the equator of 0.98 m.

The rotating tower is attached to the power andinstrumentation train that consists of a precisiontorque and rotation transducer, a right-angle geartransmission with a 2:1 gear ratio, and a speed-controlled 3.7 kW (5-hp) electric motor/generator.The 2:1 gearbox allowed a better match between the

wind turbine and the motor/ generator load charac-teristics. The motor/ generator speed was controlledby a Morse LTV-5 ac adjustable speed controller. Thissame 2-m system was later installed at the WindTurbine Test Site at Sandia Laboratories (Figure 2).The 2-m turbine, standing in the foreground, sharesthe test site with the Sandia 5-m and 17-m turbinesand suitable anemometry for each turbine. The con-trols and instrumentation for the turbines are located‘in a nearby control buildings, A that also houses aminicomputer and recording system to reduce theraw data to usable form and record the data for futureuse.

Testing and Data AcquisitionThe test procedures in the wind tunnel were

conventional.l, 2The turbine was rotated at a rotation-al speed which was determined and controlled by thespeed controller. The wind velocity was adjusted to apredetermined value; the steady-state turbine torquewas measured and recorded along with the wind-tunnel conditions and turbine-rotational speed. Thisdefined one data point. The procedure was repeatedwith new wind speeds until sufficient steady-statedata points were obtained to define the performanceof the turbine (Figures 3 and 4).

The testing of turbines in the field offers prob-lems not usually encountered in wind-tunnel testing.In particular, although the turbine rotational speedcan be held constant by the speed controller, theatmospheric wind speed seldom remains constant forany appreciable length of time. Consequently, it isdifficult to assign an appropirate wind velocity corre-sponding to a given torque measurement. Computercode BINS,5 which uses the “method of bins” tostatistically average the wind speed and torque data,was developed to assist the data acquisition. The

7

Figure 2. Photograph of 2-m Model at the Sandia Laboratories Wind Turbine Test Site

9

I I , I I , I I I I I 1 I , I I I I I I1

-t

—Wind Tunnel, 400 rpm, ReC = 1.5 x 105

0.5 0 Field, 460 rpm, Rec = 1.5 x 105

0 Field, 400 rpm, Rec = 1.3 x 105

0.4-.(L

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0 1

2-m Turbine3 NACA-0012 Blades20% Solidity

-0.1 –\

I 1’ I Io, , 1 I I I 1 I 1 I I 1 I I I 1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

\El

Tip-Speed Ratio (X)Figure 3. Comparison of Power Coefficients for the 2-m Turbine in the Field and Wind Tunnel

—7.0 I , I , I I 1 I , r ! 1 I , r r r I I

6.0n

r-lo

; 5.0 –

a

5 4.0 –Ucal+.: 3.0 —

2al:2.0 —

—Wind Tunnel, 400 rpm, Rec = 1.5 x 105

0 Field, 460 rpm, Rec = 1.5 x 105

Cl Field, 400 rpm, Rec = 1.3 x 105

2-m Turbine3 NACA-0012 Blades20% Solidity

k?’@f@

-4

1 , 1 I I , 1 I I I , 1 1 1 I 1 1 I , , $ I ,0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Advance Ratio (J)Figure 4. Comparison of Performance Coefficients for the 2-m Turbine in the Field and Wind Tunnel.

10

wind speed and torque are recorded at sample rateschosen by the operator, generally from 1 to 20 datasamples per second. The data are stored as a functionof the velocity bins (120 bins for velocities from O to60 mph). Each bin records the number of data pointsand the total summed torque. Each data record (con-sisting of the 120 velocity bins, number of datapoints, and the summed torque for each bin) alsocontains information which is constant for each datarecord,. These constants are the rotational speed,number of blades, anemometer identification, wind-shear correction factor, temperature, barometric pres-sure, time of day, and turbine tare torque. The turbinetare torque is the torque lost in the turbine due tobearing friction and gear losses.

Data are taken when winds are avaiIable, so a testmay be a few minutes long or extend past an hour.These tests were performed on a day-to-day basis; theend result was a large amount of data taken for a widerange of wind conditions over many days. These datafor a given rotational speed can be combined into adata set, and the performance of the turbine can becomputed by the minicomputer in the control build-ing. The data are corrected for the day-to-day vari-ations of the ambient air density; the results of thesummed data records are presented in the form ofpower coefficient as a function of tip-speed ratio andperformance coefficient as a function of advanceratio.

The 2-m turbine was configured in the field withthree blades (chord length = 5.877 cm) producing asolidity of 20%. This initial configuration was chosenbecause 40% of the data obtained in the wind tunnelwere with a turbine solidity of 20%. Two anemo-meters were placed near the turbine at equator heightand at a sufficient distance from the turbine (twoturbine diameters) to minimize the effect of potentialflow about the turbine and yet close enough to mea-sure accurately the wind velocity in the vicinity ofthe turbine.

Results and DiscussionThe data obtained from tests of the 2-m turbine in

the wind tunnel and in the field are presented in theform of power coefficient, CP, as a function of tip-speed ratio, X (Figure 3). The power coefficient is astandard measure of the turbine’s performance. Thedata also are presented in the form of performancecoefficient, KP, as a function of advance ratio, J (Fig-ure 4). This performance coefficient also is a powercoeff:~cient, where the wind velocity of the power

coefficient, CP, has been replaced by the blade equa-torial velocity. The performance coefficient was de-veloped for three reasons: (1) KP shows that powerreaches a maximum at a particular value of J (windspeed) when the turbine rotational speed is constant;(2) KP describes more clearly the power output char-acteristics of the wind turbine operating in the syn-chronous mode; and (3) since the calculation of CPinvolves a wind velocity cubed, large errors in thecalculation can occur due to errors in the wind-speedmeasurement.

The turbine was initially operated in the field at arotational speed of 460 rpm with three blades (5.877-cm chord) and a solidity of 207. to produce a chordReynolds number (ReC) of 1.5 x 105. These data arecompared with the wind-tunnel data obtained withthe identical configuration and ReC but with a rota-tional speed of 400 rpm. The difference in rotationalspeeds required to match the ReC was due to differ-ences in test conditions between the wind tunnel andthe wind turbine test site. Following the acquisitionof the 460-rpm data in the field, the rotational speedwas lowered to 400 rpm to match the rotational speedof the turbine when it was in the wind tunnel. TheReC was thus Iowered to 1.3 x 105. These two sets offield data are presented and compared with the wind-tunnel data in Figures 3 and 4. The maximum value ofCP for the wind-tunnel data was 0.32 at X = 4.70which compares to 0.34 at X = 5.15 for 460 rpm and0.32 at X = 5.25 for 400 rpm in the field. The fielddata in Figure 3 shows improved performance (largervalues of CP) over the wind-tunnel data for tip-speedratios greater than 5 (lower wind speeds). This maybe a result of the blockage correction factor used tocorrect the wind-tunnel velocity due to model solidand wake blockage or it may be a real differencebetween wind-tunnel and field-turbine performance.

As mentioned previously, KP with its reduceddependency on the wind velocity is an attractivecoefficient with which to compare turbine perfor-mance. The KP as a function of the advance ratio isshown in Figure 4. The maximum value of KP for thewind tunnel is approximately 3.8 x 10-s at J = 0.24which compares to 4.0 x 10-s at J = 0.25 for 460 rpmand 3.4 x 10-3 at J = 0.25 for 400 rpm in the field. Notethe close agreement in KP values for the wind-tunnel data and 460-rpm fie?d data when both areobtained at a ReC of 1.5 x 10S. The 400-rpm field dataexhibit a slightly lower KP with its slightly lowerReC.Note also the good agre~hent of KP for J less than0.25 (low wind speeds), with the field data slightlyhigher than the wind-tunnel data. It was concludedthat the performance of the 2-m turbine in the wind

11

tunnel was accurate for this operating condition, andthere was no reason to expect that the results forother operating conditions would not be the same.Testing of the 2-m turbine for the purpose of directdata comparisons therefore was terminated.

ConclusionsThe 2-m-dia Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

was tested in the field at the Sandia National Labora-tories Wind Turbine Site for a limited number ofconditions to make a direct comparison with the dataobtained previously with the same identically confi-gured turbine in a wind tunnel. One comparisonwith the wind-tunnel data was made with field dataof equivalent ReC. A second comparison was made atan equivalent rotational speed. The maximum valuesof the power coefficients compared very favorably;the CP for the wind tunnel was 0.32, and the CPof the ~~ld data at equivalent ReC(1.5 x 10s) was O.?~The slight difference is within the experimental accu-racy of the measurements. The second set of field dataat equivalent rotational speed (400 rpm) shows iden-tical values for CP . It is believed that comparisonsshould be made o~the basis of equivalent ReC; how-ever, the equivalent rotational speed was includedfor completeness. The field data show improved(higher) values of CP over the wind-tunnel data fortip-speed ratios in excess of 5.0. This may be due tothe blockage correction factor used to correct thewind-tunnel velocity or it may be a real difference(although slight) between wind-tunnel and field-turbine performance.

An examination of performance coefficientswhich do not have the cubed dependence on windspeed shows again the excellent agreement between

the wind tunnel and field data. The value of KPfrom the wind-tunnel test was 3.8 x 10-3whereas KPmaxfor the equivalent ReCin the field was 4.0x 10-3. KPmaxfor the equivalent rotational speed was 3.4 x 10-3. Tfi~lower value of performance coefficient was expectedbecause it was obtained with the turbine operating ata lower ReC.

Field testing of the 2-m turbine for direct datacomparison was terminated due to the excellentagreement of the first two field-data sets with thewind-tunnel data. It is believed that the accuracy ofthe wind-tunnel test data was verified and the credi-bility of that data base was further established.

References1 B F Blackwell, R. E. Sheldahl, and L. V. Feltz, Wind ‘Unne[

Pcr&nflncc Data for the Dorrirus W/rid Turbi)~c Wit/I NACA-0012Blndrs, SAND76-0130 (Albuquerque: Sandia Laboratories, May’1976).

2 B F, Bla~k~ell and R, E. Sheldahl, “Selected Wind Tunnel Test

Results for the Darrieus Wind Turbine,” ~ournal o/ Energy, Vol. 1,No. 6, November/December 1977, pp 382-386.3 R E, Sheldahl, p, C, Kljmas, and L, V. Feltz, Ae@mnrnc p@Or-

mnIIccofa5-Metre-Diameter Darricus Turbine With Extruded AluminumNACA-0015 Bladm, SAND80-0179 (Albuquerque: Sandia NationalLaboratories, March 1980).“1 R ~, Sheldahl, p, C, Klimas, and L. V. Feltz, “Aerodynamic

Performance of a 5-Metre-Diameter Darrieus Turbine,” \ourrral of

Enmgy, Vol. 4, No. 6, November/ December 1980.

5 R E, Akins, p~rforma}lcc Et,aluation of Wind Encrg.y COnverslOn

Systems Using the Method of Brns-Current Status, SAND77-1375 (Al-buquerque: Sandia Laboratories, March 1978).

6 R E. Sheldahl and B. F. Blackwell, Free-Air Pcr)orrnance Tests of a

5-Mctrc-Dlamctcr Darricus Turbine, SAND77-1063 (Albuquerque:Sandia Laboratoriesr December 1977).

12

DISTRIBUTION:

TID-4500-R68 UC-60 (326)

Wichita State University (2)Aero Engineering DepartmentWichita, KS 67208Attn: M. Snyder

W. Weontz

Virginia Polytechnic Institute andState University

Department of Engineering Scienceand Mechanics

Blacksburg, VA 24060Attn: R. E. Akins

Assistant Professor

Alcoa Laboratories (5)Alcoa Technical CenterAluminum Company of AmericaAlcoa Center, PA 15069Attn: D. K. Ai

A. G. CraigJ. T. HuangJ. R. JombockP. N. Vosburgh

Dynergy CorporationP.O. Box 4281269 Union AvenueLaconia, NH 03246Attn: R. B. Allen

General Manager

American Wind Energy Association1609 Connecticut Avenue NWWashington, DC 20009

South Dakota School of Minesand ‘Technology

Department of Mechanical EngineeringRapid City, SD 57701Attn: E. E. Anderson

University of Vermont318 Millis HallBurlington, VT 05405Attn: S. Anderson

DOE/C) ffice of Commercialization20 Massachusetts Avenue NWMain Station 2221CWashington, DC 20585Attn: G. T. Ankrum

Stanford UniversityDepartment of Aeronautics and

Astronautics Mechanical EngineeringStanford, CA 94305Attn: H. Ashley

Consolidated Edison Company ofNew York, Inc.

4 Irving PlaceNew York, NY 10003Attn: K. Austin

Hayes, Seay, Mattern & Mattern1315 Franklin Road SWRoanoke, VA 24016Attn: B. H. Barksdale, Jr.

Institute of Geophysicsand Planetary Physics

University of CaliforniaRiverside, CA 92521Attn: P. J. Baum

Washington State UniversityDepartment of Electrical EngineeringCollege of EngineeringPullman, WA 99163Attn: F. K. Bechtel

Arizona State UniversitySolar Energy CollectionUniversity LibraryTempe, AZ 85281Attn: M. E. Beecher

University of OklahomaAero Engineering DepartmentNorman, OK 73069Attn: K. Bergey

Civilingenior, MCIF“Osterbyhus,” 6990 UlfborgDK6990 DENMARKAttn: L. Bjervig

Wind Energy SystemsRoute 1, Box 93-AOskaloosa, KS 66066Attn: S. Blake

McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Corporation, Department 341, Building 32/2

P.O. BOX 516St. Louis, MO 63166Attn: R. Brulle

13

DISTRIBUTION (cent):

US Department of Energy Hq (20)Washington, DC 20545Attn: L. V. Divone, Chief

Wind Systems BranchD. F. Ancona, Program Manager

Wind Systems BranchC. E. Aspliden

Southern Illinois UniversitySchool of EngineeringCarbondale, IL 62901Attn: C. W. Dodd

Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Sales, Inc.6177 Sunol Blvd.P. O. BOX 877Pleasonton, CA 94566Attn: D. D. Doerr

Dominion Aluminum Fabricating Ltd. (2)3570 Hawkestone RoadMississauga, OntarioCANADA L5C 2U8Attn: L. Schienbein

C. Wood

Hamilton Standard1730 NASA BoulevardRoom 207Houston, TX 77058Attn: D. P. Dougan

Nederlands Energy Research Foundation(E. C. N.)

Physics DepartmentWesterduinweg 3 Patten (nh)THE NETHERLANDSAttn: J. B. Dragt

Battelle-Pacific Northwest LaboratoryP.O. Box 999Richland, WA 99352Attn: C. E. Elderkin

The Mitre Corporation1820 Dolley Madison Blvd.McLean, VA 22102Attn: F. R. Eldridge, Jr.

Electric Power Research Institute3412 Hillview AvenuePalo Alto, CA 94304Attn: E. Demeo

University of SherbrookeFaculty of Applied ScienceSherbrooke, QuebecCANADA JIK 2R1Attn: R. Camerero

CERCEM (2)49 Rue du Commandant Rolland93350 Le BourgetFRANCEAttn: G. Darrieus

J. Delassus

University of AucklandSchool of EngineeringPrivate BagAuckland, NEW ZEALANDAttn: V. A. L. Chasteau

McDonnell Aircraft CorporationP.O. BOX 516Department 337, Building 32St. Louis, MO 63166Attn: H. T. Clark

USDA, Agricultural Research ServiceSouthwest Great Plains Research

CenterBushland, TX 79012Attn: R. N. Clark

State Consumer Protection BoardState of New YorkExecutive Department99 Washington AvenueAlbany, NY 12210Attn: J. D. Cohen

Consumer Outreach Coordinator

University of MassachusettsMechanical and Aerospace Engineering

DepartmentAmherst, MA 01003Attn: D. E. Cromack

Associate Professor

Tumac Industries650 Ford StreetColorado Springs, CO 80915Attn: G. B. Curtis

US Department of Energy/ALO (3)Albuquerque, NM 87185Attn: G. P. Tennyson

D. C. GravesD. W. King

14

DISTRIBUTION (cent):

The Resources AgencyDepart ment of Water ResourcesEnergy Division1416 9th StreetP. O. BOX 388Sacrernento, CA 95802Attn: Richard G. Ferreira, Chief

University of ColoradoDepartment of Aerospace Engineering

SciencesBoulder, CO 80309Attn: J. D. Fock, Jr.

New England GeosystemsP. O. BOX 128East Derry, NH 03041Attn: D. R. Finley

Public Service Company of New Hampshire1000 Elm StreetManchester, NH 03105Attn: L. C. Frederick

University Laval - QuebecMech. Eng. Dept.Faculty of Sciences & Eng.Quebec, CANADA GIK 7P4Attn: H. Gerardin

Amarillo CollegeAmarillo, TX 79100Attn: E. Gilmore

Wind Power DigestP.O. Box 539Harrisburg, PA 17108Attn: P. Gipe

University College of SwanseaDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringSingleton ParkSwansea SA2 8PPUNITED KINGDOMAttn: R. T. Griffiths

Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02139Attn: N. D. Ham, Professor

Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Sales, Inc.14200 Cottage Grove AvenueDolton, IL 60419Attn: A. A. Hagman

Project DepartmentElectricity Supply18 St. Stephen’s GreenDublin 2, IRELANDAttn: M. L. Hally, Section Manager

US Department of Energy/DST20 Massachusetts AvenueWashington, DC 20545Attn: S. Hansen

Wind Engineering CorporationAirport Industrial AreaBOX 5936Lubbock, TX 79415Attn: C. F. Harris

Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyAero/ Astro DepartmentCambridge, MA 02139Attn: W. L. Harris

Rockwell International (2)Rocky Flats PlantP.O. BOX 464Golden, CO 80401Attn: T. Healy

HelionP.O. Box 4301Sylmar, CA 91342

AMBIOKVAFack, S-10405StockholmSWEDENAttn: D. Hinrichsen

Associate Editor

Sven HugossonBOX 21048S. 10031 Stockholm 21SWEDEN

Ben-Gurion University of the Negev,Department of Mechanical EngineeringBeer-Sheva, ISRAELAttn: O. Igra

Indian Oil Corporation, Ltd.Marketing Division254-C, Dr. Annie Besant RoadPrabhadevi, Bombay-400025INDIA

15

DISTRIBUTION (cent):

JBF Scientific Corporation2 Jewel DriveWilmington, MA 01887Attn: E. E. Johanson

Kansas State UniversityElectrical Engineering DepartmentManhattan, KS 66506Attn: G. L. Johnson, P. E.

B. O. Kaddy, Jr.Box 35331 Union StreetHillsboro, NH 03244

Kaman Aerospace CorporationOld Windsor RoadBloomfield, CT 06002Attn: W. Batesol

R. L. Katzenberg2820 Upton St. NWWashington, DC 20008

The College of Trades and TechnologyP.O. BOX 1693Prince Philip DriveSt. John’s, NewfoundlandCANADA AIC 5P7Attn: R. E. Kelland

Natural Power, Inc.New Boston, NH 03070Attn: S. King

Larry KinnettP.O. Box 6593Santa Barbara, CA 93111

Michigan State UniversityDivision of Engineering ResearchEast Lansing, MI 48824Attn: O. Krauss

Lawrence Livermore LaboratoryP.O. Box 808 L-340Livermore, CA 94550Attn: D. W. Dorn

Public Service Company of New MexicoP.O. Box 2267Albuquerque, NM 87103Attn: M. Lechner

Reynolds Metals CompanyMill Products Division6601 West Broad StreetRichmond, VA 23261Attn: G. E. Lennox

Industry Director

Kalman Nagy LehoczkyCort Adelers GT.300s10 2NORWAY

State Energy CommissionResearch and Development Division1111 Howe AvenueSacramento, CA 95825Attn: J. Lerner

Agriculture Research CenterUSDABuilding 303Beltsville, MD 20705

.Attn: L. Liljidahl

Aeroenvironrnent, Inc.660 South Arroyo ParkwayPasadena, CA 91105Attn: P, B. S. Lissaman

FFA, The Aeronautical Research InstituteBox 11021S-1611 1 BrommaSWEDENAttn: O. Ljungstrom

Siltex7 Capitol DriveMoonachie, NJ 07074Attn: J. B. Longendyck

Los Alamos Scientific LaboratoriesP.O. BOX 1663Los Alamos, NM 87544Attn: J. D. Balcomb Q-DO-T

Library

PRC Energy Analysis Co.7600 Old Springhouse Rd.McLean, VA 22101Attn: E. L. Luther

Senior Associate

16

DISTRIBUTION (cent) :

Beatrice de Saint LouventEstablissement d’Etudes et de Recherches

Meteorologigues77, Rue de Serves92106 Boulogne-Billancourt CedexFRANCE

L. H. J. Maile

48 York Mills Rd.Willowdale, OntarioCANADA M2P 1B4

Motolola, Inc.G,E.D.Mail Drop 14298201 E. McDowell Rd.P. o. Box 1417Scottsclale, AZ 85252Attn: E. L. Markowski

Ford Motor CompanyEnvironmental Research and Energy

Planning DirectorEnvironmental and Safety Engineering

StaffThe American RoadDearborn, MI 48121Attn: J. R. Maroni

Dardalen Associates15110 Frederick RoadWoodbine, MD 21797Attn: F. Matanzo

Toray [ndustries, Inc.Composite Materials LaboratoryPioneering R&D LaboratoriesSonoyama, Otsu, ShigaJAPAN 520Attn: H. S. Matsuda, Manager

Tumac Industries, Inc.650 Ford St.Colorado Springs, CO 80915Attn: J. R. McConnell

Kaman Sciences CorporationP.O. Box 7463Colorado Springs, CO 80933Attn: J. Meiggs

Colorado State UniversityDepartment of Civil EngineeringFort Collins, CO 80521Attn: R. N. Meroney

Department of Economic Planningand Development

Barrett BuildingCheyenne, WY 82002Attn: G. N. Monsson

NASA Lewis Research Center (4)21000 Brookpark RoadCleveland, OH 44135Attn: J. Savino

R. L. ThomasW. RobbinsK. Kaza

Ronald NousainP. O. Box 111Rome 1132Los Angeles, CA 90051

The Power Co., Inc.P.O. Box 221Genesee Depot, WI 53217Attn: A. A. Nedd, President

West Texas State UniversityDepartment of PhysicsP.O. BOX 248Canyon, TX 79016Attn: V. Nelson

Natural Power, Inc.New Boston, NH 03070Attn: L. Nichols

Oklahoma State University (2)Stillwater, OK 76074Attn: W. L. Hughes

EE DepartmentD. K. McLaughlin

ME Department

Oregon State University (2)Corvallis, OR 97331Attn: R. E. Wilson

ME DepartmentR. W. Thresher

ME Department

Precinct 4City-County BuildingEl Paso, TX 79901Attn: P. F. O’Rourke

County Commissioner

17

DISTRIBUTION (cent):

Dow Chemical USAResearch Center2800 Mitchell DriveWalnut Creek, CA 94598Attn: H. H. Paalman

Northwestern UniversityDepartment of Civil EngineeringEvanston, IL 60201Attn: R. A. Parmelee

Riso National LaboratoryDK-4000 RoskildeDENMARKAttn: H. Petersen

National Rural Electric CooperativeAssociation

1800 Massachusetts Avenue NWWashington, DC 20036Attn: W. Prichett, III

Commonwealth Scientific and IndustrialResearch Organization

Division of Mechanical EngineeringGraham Road, HighettVictoria, 3190AUSTRALIAAttn: B. Rawlings, Chief

The University of TennesseeDepartment of Electrical EngineeringKnoxvil\e, TN 37916Attn: T. W. Reddoch

Associate Professor

Atlantic Wind Test SiteP. O. BOX 189Tignish P.E.I.COB 2B0CANADAAttn: R. G. Richards

Memorial University of NewfoundlandFaculty of Engineering and Applied

SciencesSt. John’s, NewfoundlandCANADA AIC 5S7Attn: A. Robb

Institut fur LeichtbauTechnische Hochschule AachenWullnerstrasse 7GERMANYAttn: H. Ruscheweyh

National Atomic MuseumAlbuquerque, NM 87185Attn: G. Schreiner

Librarian

Technion-Israel Institute ofTechnology

Department of AeronauticalEngineering

Haifa, ISRAELAttn: A. Seginer

Prof. of Aerodynamics

U. S. Department of EnergyP. O. BOX 3621102 NE HolladayPortland, OR 97208Attn: D. B. Seely, P.E.

Wehrtechnik und EnergieforschungERNO-Raumfahrttechnik GmbHHunefeldstr. 1-5Postfach 1059092800 Bremen 1GERMANYAttn: H. Seizer

Dipl.-Phys.

Bristol Aerospace Ltd.Rocket and Space DivisionP.O. BOX 874Winnipeg, ManitobaCANADA R3C 2S4Attn: H. Sevier

National Aeronautical LaboratoryAerodynamics DivisionBangalore 560017INDIAAttn: P. N. Shankar

Kingston PolytechnicCanbury Park RoadKingston, SurreyUNITED KINGDOMAttn: D. Sharpe

Cornell UniversitySibley School of Mechanical and

Aerospace EngineeringIthaca, NY 14853Attn: D. G. Shepherd

18

DISTRIBUTION (cent):

Kentin [international2000 Birdspring RoadHuntsville, AL 35802Attn: H. P. Sleeper

Colorado State UniversityMechanical Engineering DepartmentFt. Collins, CO 80521Attn: F. Smith

Instituto Tecnologico Costa RicaApartad.o 159 CartagoCOSTA RICAAttn: K. Smith

Iowa State UniversityAgricultural Engineering, Room 213Ames, IA 50010Attn: L. H. Soderholm

Southwest Research Institute (2)P.O. Drawer 28501San Antonio, TX 78284Attn: W. L. Donaldson,

Senior Vice President1?. K. Swanson

Bent SorensonRoskilde University CenteryEnergy JGroup, Bldg. 17.2lMFUFAP. O. Box 260DK-400 RoskildeDENMARK

Rick StevensonRoute 2BOX 85Springfield, MO 65802

Morey /Stjernholm and Associates1050 Magnolia StreetColorado Springs, CO 80907Attn: D. T. Stjernholm, P.E.

Mechanical Design Engineer

G. W. Stricker383 Van Gordon 30-559Lakewc,od, CO 80228

C. J. SwetRoute 4Box 358Mt. Airy, MD 21771

NRC-National Aeronautical (3)Establishment

Low Speed Aerodynamics SectionOttawa 7, OntarioCANADA KIA 0R6Attn: R. J. Templin

Texas Tech University (3)P.O. BOX 4289Lubbock, TX 79409Attn: K. C. Mehta

CE DepartmentJ. Strickland

ME DepartmentJ. Lawrence

ME Department

Atari, Inc.155 Moffett Park DriveSunnyvale, CA 94086Attn: F. Thompson

US Department of the Air ForceAir Force Wright Aeronautical

Laboratories (AFSC)Terrestrial Energy Technology

Program OfficeEnergy Conversion BranchAerospace Power DivisionAero Propulsion LaboratoryWright-Patterson Air Force Base,OH 45433Attn: J. M. Turner, Group Leader

United Engineers and Constructors, Inc.Advanced Engineering Department30 South 17th StreetPhiladelphia, PA 19101Attn: A. J. Karalis

University of New Mexico (2)New Mexico Engineering Research

InstituteCampus P.O. Box 25Albuquerque, NM 87131Attn: D. E. Calhoun

G. G. Leigh

University of New Mexico (2)Albuquerque, NM 87106Attn: K. T. Feldman

Energy Research CenterV. Sloglund

ME Department

19

DISTRIBUTION (cent):

Jan VacekEolienne experimentaleC.P. 279, Cap-aux-MeulesIles de la Madeleine, QuebecCANADA

Solar Energy Research Institute1617 Cole Blvd.Golden, CO 80401Attn: I. E. Vas

National Aerospace LaboratoryAnthony Fokkerweg 2Amsterdam 1017THE NETHERLANDSAttn: O. de Vries

West Virginia UniversityDepartment of Aero Engineering1062 Kountz AvenueMorgantown, WV 26505Attn: R. Walters

Bonneville Power AdministrationP.O. BOX 3621Portland, OR 97225Attn: E. J. Warchol

Energy and Power SystemsERA Ltd.Cleeve Rd.LeatherheadSurrey KT22 7SAENGLANDAttn: D. F. Warne, Manager

Stanford University546B Crothers Memorial HallStanford, CA 94305Attn: R. A. Watson

Watson Bowman Associates, Inc.1280 Niagara St.Buffalo, NY 14213Attn: R. J. Watson

Tulane UniversityDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringNew Orleans, LA 70018Attn: R. G. Watts

Solar Energy Research Institute (3)1617 Cole Blvd.Golden, CO 80401Attn: P. Weis

Library (2)

Mississippi State UniversityMechanical Engineering DepartmentMississippi State, MS 39762Attn: W. G. Wells, P.E.

Associate Professor

University of AlaskaGeophysical InstituteFairbanks, AK 99701Attn: T. Wentink, Jr.

West Texas State UniversityGovernment Depository Library

Number 613Canyon, TX 79015

Wind Program ManagerWisconsin Division of State Energy8th Floor101 South Webster StreetMadison, WI 53702

Wind Energy ReportBox 14104 S. Village Ave.Rockville Centre, NY 11571Attn: F. S. Seiler

Central Solar Energy ResearchCorporation

1200 Sixth Street328 Executive PlazaDetroit, MI 48226Attn: R. E. Wong

Assistant Director

1000 G. A. Fowler1200 L. D. Smith3161 J. E. Mitchell (15)3161 P. S. Wilson4533 J. W. Reed4700 J. H. Scott4710 G. E. Brandvold4715 R. H. Braasch (200)4715 J. D. Cyrus4715 R. D. Grover4715 E. G. Kadlec4715 P. C. Klimas4715 M. T. Mattison4715 R. O. Nellums4715 W. N. Sullivan4715 M. H. Worstell4715 R. A. Watson4715 D. F. Wolf

20

DISTRIBUTION (cent):

5520552355235523560056205630563256335633821431413151

T. B. LaneD. W. LobitzR. C. Reuter, Jr.T. G. CarrieD. B. SchusterM. M. NewsomR. C. MaydewC. W. Peterson!3. McAlees, Jr.R. E. Sheldahl (20)P. A. ChildersL. J. Erickson (5)W. L. Garner (3)

For DOE/TIC (Unlimited Release)

21