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YEARBOOK 2017

ROAD STATISTICS

European Union Road FederationPlace Stéphanie 6/BB-1050 Brussels • BelgiumT. +(32) 2 644 58 77www.erf.be

Gold members Silver member

YEARBOOK 2017ROAD STATISTICS

INTRODUCTION

4

The ERF is pleased to present you with the ‘ERF Road Statistics Yearbook 2017’.This new edition contains important updat-ed information on road transport sector and road infrastructure in Europe and beyond.More than ever, the road infrastructure is an essential key element of the global mobility and the road sector is constantly striving to provide citizens with the accessi-ble, e�cient and safe mobility they deserve.We are convinced that this Yearbook will provide you with the same interesting and fruitful information as the previous editions.

5

Infrastructure Financing

Road Maintenance & Investment

Freight Transport

3.

4.

5.Road Network

General Data

1.

2.

CONTENTS

6

Passenger Transport

Safety

Taxation

Environment

Case Studies

6.

7.

8.

9.10.

7

General data

1.1 Percentage of turnover by mode of transport in EU 28 1.2 Transport growth in EU 28 1.3 Annual growth rates EU 28 1.4 Employment by mode of transport in EU countries 1.5 Employment by mode of transport in EU 28

Road Network

2.1 Length of total road network by category by country 2.2 Length of total road network by country 2.3 Density of the total road network by country 2.4 Length of motorway network by country 2.5 Length and Type of TEN-T Roads in EU 28 2.6 Proportion of motorways compared to the total road network by country 2.7 Density of motorways by country 2.8 Passenger cars per km of motorway by country 2.9 Transport network comparison between EU 28, USA, Japan, Russia and China 2.10 Density of motorways: comparison between EU 28, USA, Japan, Russia and China

Infrastructure Financing

3.1 Toll net revenues in selected countries 3.2 Budget managed by INEA 3.3 European Investment Bank Loans for Transport to EU 28 3.4 European Investment Bank Loans for Transport to EU 28 3.5 World Bank Total Transport Lending 3.6 Transport Lending Breakdown by Region

Road Maintenance and Investment

4.1 Gross investment spending in road infrastructure in selected countries 4.2 Investment in inland transport infrastructure in EU 28 4.3 Volume of investment in inland transport infrastructure by region 4.4 Distribution of infrastructure investment between modes in EU 28 4.5 Maintenance expenditures in road infrastructure in selected countries 4.6 Maintenance expenditures in road infrastructure in selected countries

Freight Transport

5.1 Transport of goods, performance by mode in EU 28 5.2 Goods transport by mode in EU 28 5.3 Inland transport modal split in EU 28 5.4 Inland transport modal split in EU 28 5.5 Performance of inland freight transport by mode in EU countries 5.6 Performance by mode for inland freight transport in EU 28 5.7 Total road transport by group of goods in EU countries 5.8 Transport of dangerous goods in EU countries 5.9 Registration of commercial vehicles in EU and selected countries

Introduction

Contents

Symbols & Abbreviations

p.12

p.18

p.26

p.32

p.38

8

Passenger Transport

6.1 Transport of passengers by mode in EU 28 6.2 Evolution of passenger transport by mode in EU 28 6.3 Passenger transport modal split in EU 28 6.4 Modal split of passenger transport on land by country in EU countries 6.5 Passenger vehicles by country 6.6 Motorisation by country, 2014 6.7 New passenger car registration per 1.000 inhabitants in EU countries 6.8 Motorcycle registrations in EU countries 6.9 Transport of passengers per mode: comparison EU 28/World 6.10 Motorisation: comparison EU 28/ World 6.11 Trends and outlooks in passenger transport demand for the di�erent modes of transport in EU

Safety

7.1 Road accidents involving personal injury by country 7.2 Road accidents involving personal injury per one thousand population in EU countries 7.3 Road fatalities in EU countries 7.4 Percentage change in road fatalities between 2002 and 2015 7.5 Road fatalities country rankings 7.6 Lives saved per million inhabitants in EU countries in 2015 7.7 Evolution of road fatalities and injured in EU 28 7.8 Road fatalities by mode of transport in EU 28 7.9 PTWs fatalities in selected EU countries 7.10 Road fatalities by gender in EU countries 7.11 Road fatalities by age group in EU-28 and selected countries 7.12 Road Fatalities (per 100.000 population) in EU 28 and selected countries 7.13 Speed limits, blood alcohol limits by country 7.14 Fatalities at 30 days by road user type in EU countries

Taxation

8.1 Taxes on acquisition of motor vehicles in EU countries 8.2 Fiscal income from motor vehicles in EU selected countries 8.3 Revenues from environmentally related taxes in % of GDP 8.4 CO2 based motor vehicle taxes in EU countries 8.5 Excise duties on fuels in EU countries at 1-1-2015 & 1-1-2017 8.6 At the pump prices of petroleum in EU countries, first quarter of 2017 8.7 Net charges per domestic haul by type in EU countries

Environment

9.1 Comparison between freight and passenger transport evolution and CO2 emissions in EU 28 9.2 CO2 emissions from road transport in EU and selected countries 9.3 CO2 emissions from road passenger transport by mode in EU and selected countries 9.4 CO2 emissions from road freight transport in EU and selected countries 9.5 Average CO2 emissions per km from new passenger cars in EU 9.6 Fuel market share for new car registrations in EU 9.7 Biodiesel production in EU countries 9.8 Biofuels share in transport consumption in EU 9.9 Share of total CO2 emmissions from fossil fuel by sector in EU 9.10 Final energy consumption by sector in EU countries

10. Case Study: Roads in Ethiopia

p.46

p.56

p.70

p.77

p.85

9

SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

10

AT Austria BE Belgium DE Germany DK Denmark EL Greece ES Spain FI Finland FR France IE Ireland IT Italy LU Luxembourg NL The Netherlands PT Portugal SE Sweden UK United Kingdom BG Bulgaria CY Cyprus CZ Czech Republic EE Estonia HR Croatia HU Hungary LT Lithuania LV Latvia MT Malta PL Poland RO Romania SI Slovenia SK Slovakia

AL Albania ME Montenegro MK Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia TR Turkey RS Republic of Serbia IS Iceland LI Liechtenstein NO Norway CH Switzerland AU Australia CA Canada CL Chile IL Israel JP Japan KP Korea MX Mexico NZ New Zealand US United States RF Russian Federation ACEA European Automobile Manufacturers Association ACEM European Association of Motorcycle Manufacturers ASECAP European Association of tolled motorways, bridges and tunnel operators Bn Billion (thousand million) CARE European Road Accident Database CORDIS Community Research and Development Information Service EBB European Biodiesel Board EC European Commission EEA European Environment Agency EIB European Investment Bank EU European Union EUR Euro GDP Gross Domestic Product g Gram INEA Innovation and Networks Executive Agency IRTAD International Road Tra�c and Accident Database ITF International Transport Forum n.a. Not available data OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development pkm Passenger-kilometre PTW Powered Two-Wheelers TEN-T Trans- European Transport Network tkm Tonne-kilometre toe Tonne of oil equivalent

EU-28

EU-candidates

EFTA EEA

OtherCountries

Other abbreviations

11

GENERAL DATA

13

Postal and courier activities

Warehousing and support activities

Air transport Sea transport

Inland water transport

Pipelines

Railways

Road passenger transport (*)

Road freight transport

(%)EU 28

Percentage of turnover by mode of transport in EU 28, 2013 (total €1,373 billion)

Source : EC (*) Including all urban and suburban land transport modes (motor bus, tramway, streetcar, trolley bus, under-ground and elevated railways). The above figures refer to employment only in those companies whose main activity lies in the mode concerned.

35,4%22,7%

5,3%

1,2%

0,5%

7,7

9,1%

10,1%

8%

1.1

14

Transport growth in EU 28, evolution 1995-2014

1.2

Annual growth rates EU 28 (% change) 1.3

Source: Eurostat Notes : (1) : passenger cars, powered two-wheelers, buses & coaches, tram & metro, railways, intra-EU air, intra-EU sea (2) : road, rail, inland waterways, oil pipelines, intra-EU air, intra-EU sea GDP: at constant year 2005 prices and exchange rates

Source : EC

GDP at year 2005 prices and exchange rates

Passenger transport (pkm)

Freight transport(tkm)

1,6% 1,2% 1,4%

1,1% 0,7% 1,8%

1,1% 0,6% 1,4%

1995 - 2014 p.a.

2000 - 2014 p.a.

2013 - 2014 p.a.

15

90

120

150

140

130

100

110

19951996

19971998

19992000

20012002

20032004

20052006

20072008

20092010 2011

20122013

2014

Goods (2) (tkm)GDP (at constant year 2005 prices)

Passengers (1) (pkm)

Employment by mode of transport in EU countries, 2013 (thousand)

1.4

215,0155,5262,9147,3

2062,437,879,9166,6824,61378,5

77,21059,7

17,974,9

108,719,8

216,39,9

409,0206,8720,8147,8337,543,4121,9148,0270,01205,1

59,955,7113,932,8

409,915,119,834,8

305,8351,820,1

304,91,9

23,952,87,665,11,1

113,557,9

293,658,8113,820,438,945,575,9

242,5

18,332,537,523,3

385,33,816,067,4174,0256,710,5

166,83,1

13,014,85,0

48,01,8

60,055,5131,733,278,45,1

18,033,068,8

229,9

1,910,927,86,7

48,11,72,91,0

13,8169,4

4,241,10,03,7

10,81,011,60,0

20,011,5

55,30,631,70,712,98,610,359,6

0,10,30,60,13,30,00,00,22,04,90,52,20,00,20,00,00,90,00,10,53,60,16,60,60,90,20,00,9

1,00,70,60,28,10,10,00,00,42,30,32,50,00,10,10,30,90,013,80,51,30,62,20,30,50,61,51,1

1,81,60,021,121,30,80,713,26,413,14,1

25,61,90,81,40,00,01,1

12,80,01,90,70,40,20,08,213,312,4

5,32,02,59,2

57,80,39,52,4

28,865,02,8

22,01,01,30,51,20,90,625,16,65,1

10,74,00,60,34,79,071,0

90,232,239,030,6625,712,414,435,6

209,9259,322,9

333,68,7

26,219,53,4

52,34,3

85,349,5130,128,560,68,2

34,629,348,3341,2

36,419,541,023,5

502,93,616,612,083,5

256,011,7

161,01,35,68,71,3

36,51,0

78,424,998,214,639,87,315,921,942,8

246,5

EU-28EU-15EU-13

BEBGCZDKDEEEIEELESFRHRIT

CYLVLTLUHUMTNLATPLPTROSISKFISEUK

EU-28EU-15EU-13



10521,3 2938,0 1991,4 559,6 28,5 40,3 164,8 350,2 2635,8 1812,6 8336,7 2121,6 1593,1 388,3 14,4 33,0 150,6 328,4 2184,8 1522,3 2184,6 816,4 398,3 171,3 14,1 7,3 14,2 21,8 451,0 290,3

Total

Road Roadpassenger

transport (**) Railways PipelinesInland water

transportSea

transportAir

transport

Warehousing and support

activities

Postal and courier activities

freight transport

Source: EurostatNotes: (*) Data refers to transportation and storage activities (including postal and courier services). (**) Including all urban and suburban land transport modes (motor bus, tramway, streetcar, trolley bus, under-ground and elevated railways)The above figures refer to employment only in those companies whose main activity lies in the mode concerned.

16

Employment by mode of transport in EU 28, 2013 (%)

1.5

Source: Eurostat Notes: (*) Including all urban and suburban land transport modes (motor bus, tramway, streetcar, trolley bus, under-ground and elevated railways) The above figures refer to employment only in those companies whose main activity lies in the mode concerned.

Postal and Courier activities

Warehousing and support activities

Air transport

Sea transport

Inland watertransport

Pipelines

Railways

Road passenger transport (*)

Road freight transport

27,9%

25,1%

18,9%

17,2%

5,3%

3,3% 1,6%0,4%0,3%

17

ROAD NETWORK

19

Length of total road network by category(*) by country, end of 2013 (km) 2.1

20

BEBGCZDKDEEEIEELESFRHRITCYLVLTLUHUMTNLATPLPTROSISKFISEUK

EU28

MEMKRSTRISNOCH

BEBGCZDKDEEEIEELESFRHRITCYLVLTLUHUMTNLATPLPTROSISKFISEUK

EU28

MEMKRSTRISNOCH

1 763 605 7761 21612 917 140 8971 55814 98111 5521 2956 751 257- 309 1521 767-2 6781 7191 4823 065 644 770 420 8102 0573 760

74340,8

- 259 6032 127 11 3921 419

13 2292 9756 2502 64639 3893 8734 5319 29915 0419 6586 71119 9202 2031 6746 372 8376 82423612 5649 99717 8046 45417 110 8193 53812 52113 55349 074

287227,4

7 965 6514 79431 3414 91910 562 393

1 3494 03548 73670268178 07112 47611 63130 864135 340377 3239 720154 9482 3075 38814 5731 891 23 1692 361 7 74923 640153 7534 79135 5875 13513 99613 56182 90533 111

1456316,7

7 9653 77810 34132 1552 95044 38217 926

138 86912 06374 91970 268

42 29878 95875 600501 053673 2909 09474 4204 99863 38151 3371 891171 5492 361 125 65088 759242 083

32 19032 15036 85251 201118 461335 182

3034357,5

7 9659 47129 271323 0435 01039 04151 789

155 210 19 678 130 680 74 130 230 377 58 787 96 017 117 321 666 4151 071 823 26 820 256 039 9 765 70 443 72 591 2 880 203 310 2 361 138 641 124 115 415 122 14 310 85 531 38 874 54 806 78 093 216 976 421 127

4 852 242

7 965 14 159 45 009 388 666 12 890 94 377 71 527

MotorwaysMain or

national roadsSecondary or regional roads Other roads* Total

Source: Eurostat, International Road Federation, national statistics Notes: The definition of road types varies from country to country, the data are therefore not comparable. "Other roads" sometimes includes roads without a hard surface. BE end of 2009 EL end of 2010 UK 1st of April 2014 IS end of 2011 MT end of 2012

Length of total road network by country, 2013 (thousand km)

2.2

Source: EC, IRF Notes: "Other roads" sometimes includes roads without a hard surface. BE end of 2009 EL end of 2010 UK 1st April,2014 IS end of 2011 MT end of 2012

Density of the total road network by country, 2013 (km road/ km² land area) 2.3

Source: EC Notes: The definition of road types varies from country to country, the data are therefore not comparable. "Other roads" sometimes includes roads without a hard surface. BE end of 2009 EL end of 2010 UK 1st April,2014 IS end of 2011 MT end of 2012

21

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

CHNOISTRRSMKMEUKSEFISKSIROPTPLATNLMTHULULTLVCYITHRFRESELIEEEDEDKCZBGBE

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

CHNOISTRRSMKMEUKSEFISKSIROPTPLATNLMTHULULTLVCYITHRFRESELIEEEDEDKCZBGBE

1071

,82

7,5

0

3000

6000

9000

12000

15000

CHNOISTRRSMKUKSEFISKSIROPTPLATNLMTHULULTLVCYITHRFRESELIEEEDEDKCZBGBE

Length of motorway network by country, 2013 (km)

2.4

Notes: BE end of 2009 EL end of 2010 UK 1st April,2014IS end of 2011MT end of 2012

Length (Km) and Type of TEN-T* Roads in EU 282.5

Source: EC * The Guidelines define the TEN-T roads as composed of motorways and high-quality roads – existing, new or to be adapted


1498

1

22

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000 Total

Motorways

High quality roads

Ordinary Roads

Proportion of motorways compared to the total road network by country, 2013 (%)

2.6

Source: EC Notes: "Other roads" sometimes includes roads without a hard surface. BE end of 2009 IS end of 2011 MT end of 2012

0

5

10

15

20

25


Density of motorways by country, 2013 (km motorway per 100 km² land area)

2.7

Source: Eurostat, EC BE end of 2009 EL end of 2010 UK 1st April,2014 IS end of 2011 MT end of 2012

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

CHNOISTRRSMKMEEU UKSEFISKSIROPTPLATNLMTHULULTLVCYITHRFRESELIEEEDEDKCZBGBE

21,4

2 %

6,40

23

Passenger cars per km of motorway by country, 20142.8

Source: Eurostat, EC, UNECE statistical database Notes: Stock at end of year, except for BE: 1 August (1 July in 2012), CH: 30 September Taxis are usually included.

Transport network comparison between EU 28, USA, Japan, Russia and China, 2013 (thousand km)

2.9

Source: Eurostat, International Road Federation, Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer, national statistics Notes: (1): Divided highways with 4 or more lanes (rural or urban interstate, freeways, expressways, arterial and collec-tor) with full access control by the authorities. (2): Japan: national expressways. (3): Russia: federal roads. (4): USA: a sum of partly overlapping networks. (5): China: both oil and gas pipelines (6): Russia: only crude oil pipelines. 20 thousand km of oil products pipelines are not included. (7): USA: light duty vehicles, short wheel and long wheel base. (8): Japan: including 31.8 million light motor vehicles (engine capacity up to 660 cubic centimetres).

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

CHNOISTRRSMKMEALUKSEFISKSIROPTPLATNLMTHULULTLVCYITHRFRESELIEEEDEDKCZBGBE

Road network (paved)Motorway networkRailway networkElectrified rail lines

EU 28

5.00074,3220,0115,2

USA (1)

4.31093,3205,6

Japan (2)

9898,419,511,7

China

3.756104,4103,136,0

Russia

1.09451,086,043,0

1976

9

24

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Russia

China

Japan

USA

EU 28

Density of motorways: comparison between EU 28, USA, Japan, Russia and China, 2013 (km motorway per km² land area)

2.10

Source: EC, IRF Area EU 28: including French overseas department

Passenger cars per km of motorway comparison between EU 28, USA, Japan, Russia and China, 2014

2.11

Source: EC, IRF (1) USA: data are from 2009

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5

Russia

China

Japan

USA

EU 28

2,22

812

Source: EC, IRF Area EU 28: including French overseas department

25

INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING

27

28

Toll net revenues in selected countries, 2010-2015 (EUR million)

3.1

DK

EL

ES

FR

IE

IT

NL

AT

PT

HU

SI

NO

HR

PL

UK

RS

CZ

DE

RF

SK

DK

EL

ES

FR

IE

IT

NL

AT

PT

HU

SI

NO

HR

PL

UK

RS

CZ

DE

RF

SK

2010 2011 2012 2013

Source: ASECAP Notes: (1) Provisional figure (2) Preliminary value for 2013 (3) Toll revenues on motorways A2 and A4 (4) km-based tolling only (5) Revenue from ETC and the revenue from the vignette on the whole charged network including motorways, expressways and selected 1st class roads

454,00

565,00

1820,56

7775,6

184,00

4835,90

27,21

1535,50

725,31

145,50

290,10

457,30

267,40

189,3

70,1

137,9

262,8

4484,00

-

175,3

472,00

530,00

1808,7

8442,6

184,00

4971,00

28,49

1561,00

693,43

167,90

298,34

605,70

272,34

148,25

64,40

137,90

325,00

4498,00

-

199,88

492,0

516,0

1623,8

8450,0

193,0

4804,5

26,8

1622,1

627,8

167,9

294,9

641,2

282,8

157,0

71,6

19,0

346,5

4364,0

-

151,3

507,0

516,0

1565,0

9170 (1)

200,0

4914,0

26,5

1687,0

812,5

189,2

305,0

614,4

296,69 (2)

179,6 (3)

77,6

138,3

342,2 (4)

4400,0

29,3

158,63 (5)

537

469

1608,6

9222,4

217

5176,94

27,67

1826

855,37

677,6

344,16

940,63

297,05

185,86

83,3

138,44

316

4460

75,16

113,7

559

495

1709,27

9160

217

5454,86

28,3

1840

915,62

677,6

349,92

940,63

317,25

209

102

139,55

360,18

4370

55,5

119,6

2014 2015

Budget managed by INEA (Total 34 bn)

3.2

Source: EC

European Investment Bank Loans for Transport to EU 28, 2006-2015 (EUR million)

3.3

Source: EC

0

5

10

15

20

25

EnergyTransportDigitalEnergyTransport

Roads, Motorways

Railways

Urban Transport

Air Transport

Maritime Transport

Intermodal Freight Terminals and Other

Transport

Total Transport Sector

4384

2999

1294

764

593

36

10.070

3542

3534

1924

644

454

29

10.127

4932

2495

1981

2458

894

763

13.523

6030

2704

3399

1740

1.821

n.a.

15.694

3716

4352

4151

487

496

2

13.204

3876

4624

4411

500

793

66

14.270

2726

3541

2655

261

863

28

10.074

4728

3419

2733

420

212

81

11.593

5384

3875

2865

428

368

45

12.965

2827

5548

3371

18

586

15

60

12.425

Connecting Europe Facility Horizon 2020

22,4

29

2010 2011 2012 20132006 2007 2008 2009 2014 2015

European Investment Bank Loans for Transport to EU 28, 2015 (total € 12.425 million)

3.4

Intermodal Freight Terminals and Other Maritime Transport

Urban Transport

Railways

Roads, Motorways

45%

27% 23%5%

Air Transport

1%

0,14%

30Source: EIB

World Bank Total Transport Lending, 2004-2016 ($ billion)

3.5

Transport Lending Breakdown by Region, 2016 (total $ 6,39 billion)

3.6

Source: World Bank

Source: World Bank

0

2

4

6

8

10

South Asia

Europe & Central Asia

Middle East & North Africa

Latin America and the Caribbean

East Asia & the Pacific

Africa

9 2004

20052006

20072008

20102010

20112012

20132014

20152016

32%20%

17%

12% 10%

8%

31

ROAD MAINTENANCE AND INVESTMENT

33

34

Gross investment spending in road infrastructure in selected countries, 2010 - 2014 (at current prices and exchange rates - million Euros)

4.1

AT

BE

BG

HR

CZ

DK

EE

FI

FR

DE

GR

HU

IE

IT

LV

LT

LU

MT

NL

PL

PT

RO

SK

SI

ES

SE

UK

2010 2011 2012 2013

Source: ITF, OECD Note: the data coverage varies significantly from a country to another, mainly due to the lack of more detailed common definitions and the di�culty for countries to change their data collection system.

390

348

281

515

1720

937

137

890

11942

11240

1394

840

1188

3389

99

422

183

40

2300

6510

1511

2850

342

221

7851

1668

6478

303

248

344

466

1293

1052

158

973

11876

11340

1310

298

850

4129

159

343

222

37

2287

8319

-

3283

432

112

5966

1911

5557

327

553

388

479

876

1324

-

1127

12006

11530

1088

153

776

3107

148

243

213

38

-

4382

274

3092

311

102

5362

2213

5544

363

587

359

424

648

-

-

1115

12093

11730

2181

401

561

2841

150

253

220

32

-

2465

211

2729

360

104

4651

2013

6166

453

417

253

280

604

1102

144

1132

10735

11780

..

164

638

3860

188

224

205

39

..

1721

..

2493

550

139

4266

1864

7726

2014

ME

MK

RS

TR

IS

NO

CH

AT

BE

BG

HR

CZ

DK

EE

FI

FR

DE

GR

HU

IE

IT

LV

LT

LU

MT

NL

PL

PT

RO

SK

SI

ES

SE

UK

ME

MK

RS

TR

IS

NO

CH

18

32

227

5419

79

2675

3423

15

38

339

5181

39

2812

3827

18

-

255

4799

38

3301

3880

20

-

280

4880

42

3844

3731

9

..

337

4803

45

3804

..

Investment in inland transport infrastructure in EU 28, 2014 (as a percentage of GDP, at current prices)

Source: ITF at the OECD Note: No data for CY

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2.5

UKSEESSISKROPTPLNLMTLULTLVITIEHUELDEFRFIEEDKCZHRBGBEAT

2,10

0

2E+10

4E+10

6E+10

8E+10

1E+11

1.2E+11

1.4E+11

EU

North America

Russian Federa�on

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

35

4.2

Volume of investment in inland transport infrastructure by region, 1995 - 2014 (Euro)

Source: ITFThe drop in North America is due to non existing data for United States after 2004

4.3

36

Distribution of infrastructure investment between modes in EU 28, 1995-2014 (Euros, current prices, current exchange rates)

Source: ITFNote: No data for CY

4.4

Maintenance expenditures in road infrastructure in selected countries, 2010-2014 (at current prices and exchange rates - million Euros)

Source: ITF

4.5

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

ATBEBGHRCZDKEEFIFRHUIEITLVLTLUMTNLPLPTROSKSISEUK

Total EU MKRSTRIS

NOCH

ATBEBGHRCZDKEEFIFRHUIEITLVLTLUMTNLPLPTROSKSISEUK

Total EU MKRSTRIS

NOCH

559 184 100 195 670

1.058 38

667 2.431 328 164

6.437 85 160 34 25

1.209 2.636

102

175 137 875

3.919 22.188

16 228 360 29

1.361 2.001

494 156 71

212 570 881 39

658 2.746 256 161

6.220 90 153 37 27

323 2.678

160 122 856

3.552 20.462

15 205 674 29

1.615 2.238

517 145 103 187 571 945 44 574

2.851 296 139

7.195 93 123 34 24

428 165

193 120 959

3.591 19.295

208 600 29

1.747 2.414

559 147 96

209 513 920 47

585 2.904

412 128

9.134 100 127 41 25

438 174

204 123

1.044 3.346 21.276

129 630 28

1.841 2.402

667 206 93

257 587 796 45

506 2.760

357 85

9.564 154 143 41 17 ..

383 .. ..

181 118

1.017 3229,13 21.206

..142,98582,14

321997,63

..

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Rail

Road

IWW

37

Maintenance expenditures in road infrastructure in selected countries, 2002 - 2014 (million Euros)

Source: ITFNote: No data for CY

4.6

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

350002006

31301,8

200527430,12004

23471,62003

22325,6

200216275,6

200727960,3 2008

26791,6

200921536,9

201022188,4

201120462,4 2012

19295,1

201321275,6

201421206,3

FREIGHT TRANSPORT

39

40

Transport of goods, performance by mode in EU 28, 1995-2014 (billion tkm) 5.1

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

1995 -2014

2013-2014

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

1995 -2014

2013-2014

Road Rail Inland Water- ways

Pipe- lines

Source: EC Air and Sea: only domestic and intra-EU-28 transport; estimates for air and for sea (1995-2004) Road: national and international haulage by vehicles registered in the EU-28. (1) The time series for maritime transport performance has been revised, for the period from 2005 to 2014, by replacing previous estimates on port-to port distances with more accurate measurements by Eurostat. The time series from 1995 to 2004 has been recalibrated by DG MOVE in line with the new Eurostat figures to avoid break in series. The revision of tkm figures mainly concerns the calculation of distance travelled and not the tonnages transported by sea.

1 289

1 303

1 352

1 414

1 461

1 509

1 553

1 603

1 608

1 751

1 795

1 858

1 925

1 891

1 700

1 755

1 744

1 693

1 719

1 725

388

394

411

394

385

405

388

386

394

419

416

438

452

443

364

394

422

407

406

411

122

120

128

131

129

134

133

133

124

137

139

139

145

146

131

156

142

150

153

151

115

119

119

126

125

127

134

130

132

133

138

137

128

125

122

121

118

115

112

113

930

942

969

1 000

1 029

1 067

1 083

1 100

1 119

1 159

1 178

1 191

1 174

1 153

1 035

1 094

1 111

1 085

1 082

1 122

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

Sea (1) Air

2845, 948

2879, 110

2980, 161

3068, 126

3131, 013

3244, 912

3292, 283

3353, 314

3378, 221

3601, 139

3667, 082

3764, 233

3826, 497

3760, 470

3353, 069

3522, 114

3539, 859

3451, 158

3474, 050

3524, 416

Total

33,9%

0,4%

5,8%

1,1%

23,5%

-1,2%

-1,8%

1,0%

20,6%

3,8%

27,0%

0,0%

23,8%

1,4%

41

Goods transport by mode in EU 28, 2014 (% of tkm)

5.2

49%

31,8%

11,7%

1%

Source: ECNotes: Air and Sea: only domestic and intra-EU-28 transport; provisional estimates Road: national and international haulage by vehicles registered in the EU-28

5%

5% Roads

Sea

Rail

Inland waterway

Pipe-lines

Air

Inland transport modal split in EU 28, 2000-2014 (% of tkm)

5.3

Source: EC Notes: Road: national and international haulage by vehicles registered in the EU-28

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2000-2014

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2000-2014

69,4

70,3

71,2

71,2

71,7

72,2

72,3

72,6

72,6

73,4

72,4

71,9

71,6

71,9

71,9

3,6

18,6

17,6

17,1

17,5

17,2

16,7

17,0

17,1

17,0

15,7

16,2

17,4

17,2

17,0

17,1

-8,1

6,2

6,0

5,9

5,5

5,6

5,6

5,4

5,5

5,6

5,6

6,4

5,9

6,3

6,4

6,3

2,1

5,8

6,1

5,8

5,8

5,5

5,5

5,3

4,8

4,8

5,3

5,0

4,9

4,9

4,7

4,7

-19,5

Inland transport modal split in EU 28, 2014 (% of tkm)

5.4

Source: EC Notes: Road: national and international haulage by vehicles registered in the EU-28

Pipelines

Inland waterways

Rail

Road

71,9%

17,1%

6,3%4,7%

42

Latin America and the Caribbean

Road RailInland

waterways Pipelines

Source: EC 43

Performance of inland freight transport by mode in EU countries, 2014 (billion tkm)

5.5

Performance by mode for inland freight transport in EU 28, 1995-2014 (billion tkm)

5.6

Source: EC (*) National and international haulage by vehicles registered in the reporting country (including cross-trade and cabotage). Only haulage of heavy goods vehicles (usually > 3,5 tonnes load capacity) (**) For FI only shipborne transport (i.e. no floating) (***) Data are not harmonised and therefore not fully comparable; in most countries, only pipelines longer than 40km are included. DE: only crude oil (i.e. no refined petroleum products)

EU-28BEBGCZDKDEEEIEELESFRHRIT


EU-28BEBGCZDKDEEEIEELESFRHRIT


1725,5 31,827,954,116,2310,16,39,819,2

195,8165,2

9,4117,80,513,728,19,6

37,50,3

70,924,3

250,934,935,116,331,423,442,0143,2

410,8 7,33,414,62,5

112,63,30,10,310,832,22,1

20,1-

19,414,30,210,2

-6,2

20,550,12,412,34,18,89,621,322,1

150,9 10,55,10,0

-59,1

----

8,80,70,1--

0,00,31,8-

49,32,20,1-

11,8-

0,90,1-

0,2

112,9 1,60,62,12,417,5

--

0,29,011,11,1

9,6-

2,40,6

-2,8

-5,88,322,10,41,0-

4,5--

10,0

Road (*) RailwaysInland

Waterways (**)Pipelines (Oil)

(***)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500 Oil Pipeline

Inland Waterway

Rail

Road

19951996

19971998

19992000

20012002

20032004

20052006

20072008

20092010 2011

20122013

2014

Total road transport by group of goods in EU countries, 2015 (1.000 tonnes and million tkm)

5.7

Source: Eurostat


CYLV

Thousandtonnes Million tkm

Thousandtonnes Million tkm

264.034161.567437.118181.232

3.031.32528.162

117.090420.0051.258.2611.796.755

66.503957.00614.40262.569

31.72932.29757.20015.500314.6776.2639.90019.764

209.390153.58010.439116.820

56314.690



EU 28

2.1249581.281760

12.9581634761.169

10.6268.158483

8.037181213386700997n.a.

1.342946

7.024973

1.704552228

1.4261.0649.017

73.946

1.6946841.567690

12.912172355

1.01011.7187.976501

7.358147227534839

1.0231.119933

8.778946

1.664724329

1.4231.2838.5831.02976.218

2.922885

1.869814

12.420146347

1.44612.2698.281455

6.942138315488454

1.2061.171927

9.1741.1581.623714364

1.9092.122

10.6821.333

82.574

2013 2014 2015

LTLUHUMTNLATPLPTROSISKFISEUK

58.60152.547198.744

:641.538351.068

1.264.960150.358198.82470.509147.225271.912422.891

1.667.627

26.4858.850

38.353:

68.90024.436260.71331.83539.02317.90933.54024.48841.502

158.924

TOTAL 14.292.833 1.767.770

Source: Eurostat *Total of dangerous goods includes: Explosives; Gases - compressed, liquified, dissolved under pressure; Flam-mable liquids and solids; Substances liable to spontaneous combustion; Substance emitting flammable gases (with water); Oxidising substances; Organic peroxides; Toxic substances; Substances liable to cause infections; Radioactive material; Corrosives; Miscellaneous dangerous substances.

Transport of dangerous goods* in EU countries, 2013-2015 (million tkm)

5.8

44

Registration of commercial vehicles in EU and selected countries, 2015-2016

5.9

Source: ACEA

ATBE DKHRCZDKEEFIFRDEELHUIEIT LVLTLUNLPLPTROSKSIESSEUK

EU 28IS

NOCH

32.85263.8564.8756.84317.27232.4563.89711.522

377.741237.922

5.65217.516

23.403133.680

2.3482.3693.94957.37650.30730.85811.3567.2896.639

154.79544.799371.123

1.712.6951.269

33.23533.526

35.90670.8494.5528.316

19.23636.6244.35313.678

408.545258.1195.62321.33527.514

199.5342.2182.7914.593

70.02556.92634.86214.3727.4597.738

172.19151.647

374.8891.913.895

1.62436.00233.250

9,3%11,0%-6,6%21,5%11,4%12,8%11,7%18,7%8,2%8,5%

-0,5%21,8%17,6%49,3%-5,5%17,8%16,3%22,0%13,2%13,0%26,6%2,3%16,6%11,2%15,3%1,0%11,7%

28,0%8,3%

-0,8%

2015 2016Evolution

2015-2016

Ligh

t Com

mer

cial V

ehicl

es (L

CV)

Up

to 3

,5 t

Med

ium

and

Hea

vy C

omm

ercia

l Veh

icles

Ove

r 3.5

t AT

BE DKHRCZDKEEFIFRDEELHUIEIT LVLTLUNLPLPTROSKSIESSEUK

EU 28IS

NOCH

72919366

0977

113864753767

26704278089723

4655702225015329125536021152

14080224304041612526081907

225685456

47890326573

22052154416

799210738

-1325118625099878

32494815792458

3215513

304021156158860041288

157202663045578032

-2392

248466520

24678334043

31859884483

9,6%14,6%

-35,6%4,2%7,3%

14,5%21,7%12,6%3,0%

-31,0%-3,3%35,1%38,0%26,5%66,7%11,8%11,6%18,7%12,8%31,1%

-25,4%10,1%19,5%

-48,5%2,3%

44,5%14,8%1,5%

45

PASSENGER TRANSPORT

47

Transport of passengers by mode in EU 28, 1995-2014 (billion pkm)

6.1

Source : EC EstimatesNotes:Air and Sea: only domestic and intra-EU-28 transport; provisional estimates

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

1995 -2014

per year

2000-2014

per year

2013-2014

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

1995 -2014

per year

2000-2014

per year

2013-2014

3 935

4 003

4 087

4 191

4 307

4 355

4 454

4 542

4 586

4 652

4 591

4 636

4 690

4 698

4 774

4 726

4 702

4 621

4 678

4 766

21,1%

1,1%

9,4%

0,6%

1,9%

116

118

122

126

130

108

112

114

117

121

123

123

119

124

122

123

125

126

125

127

9,4%

0,5%

18,2%

1,2%

1,8%

503

507

509

516

518

549

549

539

543

545

542

538

551

557

535

529

531

525

528

526

4,5%

0,2%

-4,2%

-0,3%

-0,5%

Passenger Cars PTW Bus & Coach

350

349

350

351

358

372

374

366

362

369

377

389

396

411

404

405

415

420

425

428

22,2%

1,1%

15,3%

1,0%

0,8%

Railway

74

75

76

77

79

81

82

82

83

86

87

89

91

94

94

97

98

100

100

102

37,8%

1,8%

25,6%

1,6%

1,6%

Tram & Metro

348

368

392

411

427

460

455

447

466

496

530

552

575

560

522

538

579

572

579

605

74,0%

3,1%

31,7%

2,0%

4,5%

Air

44

44

44

43

43

42

42

43

43

43

42

42

43

43

43

40

39

42

39

38

-15,5%

-0,9%

-10,1%

-0,8%

-3,9%

Sea

5 370

5 464

5 579

5 715

5 862

5 965

6 068

6 135

6 200

6 310

6 293

6 370

6 466

6 488

6 493

6 458

6 489

6 405

6 475

6 592

22,7%

1,1%

10,5%

0,7%

1,8%

Total

48

Passenger transport modal split in EU 28, 2014 (pkm in %)

6.3

Source: ECNotesAir and Sea: only domestic and intra-EU-28 transport; provisional estimates

Sea

Air

Tram & Metro

Railway

Bus & Coach

PTW

Passenger cars

72,3%

9,2%

8%

6,5%

1,9%

0,6%

0

100

200

300

400

500

1000

2500

4000Sea

Air

Tram & Metro

Railway

Bus & Coach

PTW

Passenger Cars

Evolution of passenger transport by mode in EU 28, 1995-2014

6.2

Source: EC

1,5%

49

19971996

19951998 1999

20002001

20022003

20042005

20062007

20082009

2010 20112012

20132014

Modal split of passenger transport on land by country in EU countries, 2014 ( billion pkm and pkm in %)

6.4

Source : EC Notes: Data are not harmonised and therefore not fully comparable. BE: Passenger cars data include pkm by vehicles registered as light goods vehicles but used as personal cars. UK: Passenger data refer to Great Britain only; include pkm by vans. UK: Buses and coaches data: GB data + 1.5 bln pkm throughout to account for Northern Ireland FR: Urban rail data refer to the Paris Metro and RER (Réseau Express Régional) systems and to metros in other French cities. PT: Urban rail data refer only to Lisbon and Porto Metro. "* Public Service Obligation (PSO) means a requirement defined or determined by a competent authority in order to ensure public passenger transport services in the general interest that an operator, if it were considering its own commercial interests, would not assume or would not assume to the same extent or under the same conditions without reward."



EU 28



EU 28

109,654,066,353,7

920,811,947,296,9319,7815,726,1

642,96,1

12,624,3

7,152,72,4

145,076,6218,983,385,225,627,365,5114,9

654,2

4766,48

76,1279,5166,1479,6584,4580,6279,6180,3281,6883,9183,5280,1281,81

80,2488,2483,5665,1883,0883,2972,4578,6988,8775,91

86,3076,8884,6083,1984,69

81,87%

22,211,516,76,6

63,22,410,221,039,553,43,6

102,81,32,33,01,017,60,511,510,139,25,614,13,45,47,58,741,1

525,51

Passenger cars Buses and coaches* Railways Urban Rail Total

(%) (billion pkm)

15,4116,9116,699,825,8016,2817,2117,4210,085,5011,6912,8118,1914,8110,7812,1621,8016,926,609,59

14,086,0012,5311,6115,109,746,275,32

9,03%

(%) (billion pkm) (%) (billion pkm) (billion pkm) (%)

11,01,77,66,8

89,50,31,71,1

25,186,70,9

50,0-

0,60,30,47,7-

16,212,015,93,95,00,62,63,912,1

64,7

428,21

7,622,507,6310,108,211,902,920,896,428,922,946,23

4,090,984,299,53

9,2911,406,704,104,502,507,005,208,908,00

7,36%

1,20,79,60,316,80,20,21,77,1

16,20,66,8

-0,1--

2,8-

1,47,04,21,08,0

-0,30,52,412,5

101,56

0,010,010,100,000,020,010,000,010,020,020,020,01

0,01

0,03

0,010,070,020,010,07

0,010,010,020,02

1,74%

144,0367,86100,1867,37

1.090,3014,7059,27120,61391,43972,0831,20

802,417,4015,7327,588,54

80,882,91

174,10105,72278,1893,78112,2329,7135,4477,45138,12772,54

5.821,76

(billion pkm)"

50

Source: ECNotes: Motorisation: Passenger car stock at end of year n has been divided by the population on 1 January of year n+1 Stock of registered passenger cars, PTWs and buses and coaches: At end of year, except for BE (1 August). Stock of registered passenger cars: Taxis are usually included. Stock of registered buses and coaches: Data include buses, coaches, minibuses and sometimes also trolleybuses. Stock of registered PTW: National vehicle stock data do not always include all powered two-wheelers and are therefore not fully comparable between countries. Break in time series due to inclusion of mopeds from 2001 in ES, from 2002 in SI and HR, from 2004 in LV, from 2005 in PL, from 2007 in LT. Tricycles and quads are sometimes included in the data.

Passenger vehicles by country, 2014 6.5

Stock of registered buses & coaches

(thousand)

Stock of registeredpassenger cars

(thousand)

Stock of registered PTW

(thousand)



EU 28

MKRSTR

5572,573013,904833,392329,58

44403,12653,001966,245107,62

22029,5131800,00

1474,5037080,75

478,49657,801205,67372,83

3107,70265,95

7979,084694,92

20003,864496,004907,561068,361949,063179,804584,71

30557,16

249773,13

371,451797,439857,92

453,01154,80998,82197,51

6181,7442,3036,57

1619,625033,213015,22153,05

9022,2340,9746,4233,1627,28161,5418,40

1772,21788,18

2406,11486,00107,3495,8080,79568,19618,55

1240,20

35399,24

8,6363,17

2828,47

16,7723,6020,5113,4177,504,608,8026,5959,8089,005,0497,912,584,856,941,78

17,921,799,609,59

106,0614,5044,282,569,16

16,2513,99112,16

817,53

3,169,04

638,46

51

Source : EC Estimates Notes: Motorisation: Passenger car stock at end of year n has been divided by the population on 1 Janu-ary of year n+1

Source: ACEA

Motorisation by country 2014 6.6

New passenger car registration per 1.000 inhabitants in EU countries, 2015

6.7



EU 28

MKRSTR

LUBEUKDEDKATSEFRSIIENL

EU 28

ITCZESFIPTEESKCYPLHRHUELLVLT

ROBG

Motorisation (number of passenger cars per 1.000 inhabitants)

Motorisation (number of passenger cars per 1.000 inhabitants)

495418459412547497425472474479349610565331413662316619472547526433247518360581470472

13170

180253127

8345413937363529292727

27

262222201715141298877643

52

Motorcycle registrations in EU countries, 2010-2016 6.8

Source: ACEMNotesData of 2015 available till November

AT

BE

BG

CY

CZ

DE

DK

EE

EL

ES

FI

FR

HR

HU

IE

IT

LT

LU

LV

MT

NL

PL

PT

RO

SE

SK

SI

UK

EU 28

AT

BE

BG

CY

CZ

DE

DK

EE

EL

ES

FI

FR

HR

HU

IE

IT

LT

LU

LV

MT

NL

PL

PT

RO

SE

SK

SI

UK

EU 28

21.510

24.271

n.a.

3.060

5.418

122.382

3.258

244

59.638

134.297

6.054

198.086

2.851

2.453

1.042

306.303

229

1.255

278

568

12.843

8.718

18.896

440

9.024

2.324

2.658

81.060

1.029.160

22.750

25.047

n.a.

2.527

6.056

126.991

2.032

299

44.785

119.423

5.692

185.122

2.726

2.091

831

254.895

280

1.306

472

746

11.662

8.957

18.937

469

8.223

1.960

2.139

79.144

935.562

24.808

23.428

127

2.074

6.974

127.497

1.984

364

31.805

97.931

4.986

169.644

2.397

1.957

663

206.291

224

1.201

494

n.a.

10.617

7.758

17.136

555

7.605

1.920

2.042

80.029

832.511

2010 2011 2012

25.996

20.644

173

1.675

n.a.

129.605

1.870

409

28.522

92.678

3.943

147.915

2.046

1.778

441

153.941

241

1.566

477

n.a.

9.570

7.394

14.510

521

7.800

2.840

2.380

80.951

739.886

2013

25.155

20.681

n.a.

n.a.

12.441

141.623

1.936

449

30.951

111.460

3.467

153.324

n.a.

n.a.

360

156.431

294

1.734

589

n.a.

10.673

9.848

15.335

n.a.

8.378

n.a.

1.707

91.492

798.328

2014

24.891

21.577

n.a.

n.a.

13.424

151.661

2.417

489

32.468

132.536

3.157

153.242

1.511

2.093

1.022

172.073

294

1.654

595

n.a.

11.688

23.865

17.611

648

9.422

5.309

1.855

105.717

891.219

2015

29.763

23.621

n.a.

n.a.

14.086

174.624

3.139

609

38.632

155.003

3.022

163.335

1.811

2.204

1.420

195.290

390

1.783

642

n.a.

12.872

25.823

19.760

952

13.220

5.565

2.074

119.889

1.009.529

2016

53

Transport of passengers per mode: comparison EU 28/World 6.9

Motorisation: comparison EU 28/ World, 2014 (passenger cars/ 1000 inhabitants)

6.10

Source: EC(1) USA: data from 2012

0

200

400

600

800

RussiaChinaJapanUSA(1)EU28

753

Source: Eurostat, Japan Statistics Bureau, US Bureau of Transportation Statisitics, Goskom STAT (Russia), National Bureau of Statistics of China, International Transport Forum, estimates Notes: (1): USA: Including light trucks / vans (2): China: including buses and coaches (3): Japan: included in railway pkm

Passenger car

Bus, trolley-bus and coach

Railway

Tram and metro

Waterborne

Air (domestic/intra EU)

4.766,5

525,5

428,2

101,6

37,5

665,3

EU 28 (2014)

6.005,9

546,1

403,0

23,0

0,7

978,1

USA (2014)

-

74,8

414

-

3,1

82,7

Japan (2013)

1.208,4

-

1.160,5

-

7,4

633,4

China (2014)

-

133,4

128,8

50,4

0,6

241,4

Russia (2014)

54

Trends and outlooks in passenger transport demand for the di�erent modes of transport in EU, 1990-2030 (Gpkm)

6.11

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Inland Navigation

Aviation Rail Private Cars and Motorcycles

Public Road Transport

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

55

SAFETY

57

7.1 Road accidents involving personal injury by country, 1990-2015 (thousand)

7.1

Source: CARE; United Nations (Statistics of road tra�c accidents), national statistics (MT, candidate countries, IS, CH).

Notes: the definition of an accident involving personal injury di�ers from country to country. RO: only serious accidents before 2005. ME : Data used from 2010 and onwards



EU 28

MEMKIS

NOCH

62,46,521,99,2

389,42,16,1

19,6101,5162,614,5161,83,24,35,11,2

27,80,2

44,946,350,545,19,75,28,210,217,0

265,6

1502,1

2,30,68,8

23,8

50,77,4

28,88,4

388,01,68,1

22,883,6133,012,7

182,83,14,14,11,2

19,81,0

42,639,056,948,3

9,16,68,77,815,6

237,3

1433,0

2,41,1

8,623,0

49,16,9

25.47,3

382,91,57,7

23,0101,7121,214,4

256,52,44,55,80,917,51,3

42,342,157,344,57,99,07,96,615,8

242,1

1505,7

1,71,08,423,7

49,38,2

25,25,4

336,62,36,516,991,284,515,7

240,01,49,36,80,8

20,80,827,040,948,137,119,810,57,97,018,1

203,7

1342,0

2,80,78,1

21,7

42,16,619,73,5

288,31,35,815,085,567,313,3211,4

1,23,23,50,816,30,612,535,338,835,426,07,78,16,1

16,5160,1

1130,4

9,14,20,96,419,6

42,16,6

20,53,5

306,31,55,213,783,065,013,2

205,61,1

3,43,31,0

15,80,310,835,140,132,526,67,15,46,416,1

157,1

1128,5

8,54,50,96,1

19,0

37,56,7

20,53,1

299,61,45,612,283,160,411,8

186,70,93,43,41,0

15,20,45,0

40,837,029,926,96,95,45,716,5151,3

1078,4

8,14,10,76,218,2

35,67,0

20,33,0

291,11,45,012,1

89,556,811,2

181,70,83,53,40,915,71,29,5

38,535,830,324,86,64,75,314,9

144,5

1054,7

5,34,20,85,217,5

41,57,021,12,9

302,41,45,411,791,658,210,3177,00,83,73,30,915,81,4

13,438,035,030,625,46,25,15,313,1

152,4

1080,8

5,53,90,85,017,8

40,37,221,62,9

305,71,45,511,697,856,611,0

174,50,73,73,21,0

16,31,4

18,538,033,032,028,96,65,25,214,7

146,2

1090,3

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

-45,110,8-1,4

-85,8-21,9-47,1-7,8

-35,0-3,7

-87,4-23,8

5,0-104,2-14,1-33,8-25,9-65,691,2

-62,4-19,9-30,6-29,6

243,815,7

-38,9-75,5-14,6-49,3

-27,3


-2,83,02,4-1,01,1

-3,11,0-1,16,8-2,76,9-1,4

-12,9-1,0-2,68,33,1

-4,838,70,0-5,74,414,26,62,1

-3,012,1-4,1

0,9




EU 28

MEMKIS

NOCH

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Evolution 1990

-2015 (%)

Evolution 2014

-2015 (%)

58

Road accidents involving personal injury per one thousand population in EU countries, 2015

7.2

Source: EC Notes: The definition of an accident involving personal injury di�ers from country to country. The number of inhabitants used in this table is the sum of the population at 1 January 2014 and at 1 January 2015 divided by two.

0 1 2 3 4 5

EU 28UKSEFI

SKSI

ROPTPLATNLMTHULULTLVCY

ITHRFRESELIE

EEDEDKCZBGBE

4,44

59

3,59

1,00

2,05

0,51

3,77

1,06

1,181,06

2,100,86

2,61

2,87

0,771,85

1,08

1,77

1,663,23

1,10

0,873,07

1,453,19

0,950,95

1,51

2,272,15

Road fatalities in EU countries, 2005-2015 7.3

Source: CARE database (DG Mobility and Transport)Notes: Persons killed are all persons deceased within 30 days of the accident. Corrective factors have been applied to the figures which did not follow this definition.



EU-28

1 089 957 1 286 331

5 361 170 400 1 658 4 442 5 318 597

5 818 102 442 773 47

1 278 17

750 768

5 444 1 247 2 629 258 606 379 440 3 336

45 943



EU-28

2005

840 776 802 255

3 648 79 212

1 258 2 479 3 992 426 4 114 60 218 299 32

740 13

537 552

3 908 937

2 377 138 353 272 266

1 905

31 488

2010

862 657 772 220

4 009 101 186 1 141

2 060 3 963 418

3 860 71

179 296 33

638 16

546 523

4 189 891

2 018 141 328 292 319

1 960

30 689

2011

770 601 742 167

3 600 87 162 988 1 903 3 653 390 3 753

51 177 302 34

606 9

562 531

3 571 718

2 042 130 352 255 285 1 802

28 243

2012

723 601 655 191

3 339 81

188 879

1 680 3 268 368

3 401 44 179 256 45 591 17

476 455 3 357 637 1 861 125 251 258 260 1 770

25 956

2013

727 661 688 182

3 377 78 193 795

1 688 3 384 308 3 381 45 212 267 35

626 10

477 430

3 202 638 1 818 108 291 229 270 1 854

25 974

2014

732 708 734 178

3 459 67 166 805 1 689 3 461 348

3 428 57

188 242 36

644 11

531 479

2 938 593 1 893 120 274 266 259

1 806

26 112

2015

0,7 7,1 6,7 -2,2 2,4

-14,1 -14,0

1,3 0,1 2,3 13,0 1,4

26,7 -11,3 -9,4 2,9 2,9

10,0 11,3 11,4 -8,2 -7,1 4,1 11,1

-5,8 16,2 -4,1 -2,6

0,5

evolution % 14/15

-32,8 -26,0 -42,9 -46,2 -35,5 -60,6 -58,5 -51,4 -62,0 -34,9 -41,7 -41,1 -44,1 -57,5 -68,7 -23,4 -49,6 -35,3 -29,2 -37,6 -46,0 -52,4 -28,0 -53,5 -54,8 -29,8 -41,1 -45,9

-43,2

evolution % 05/15

60

Percentage change in road fatalities between 2002 and 2015 (%)

7.4

Source: CARE

Road fatalities country rankings, 2014

7.5

Source: EC Notes: Fatalities: all fatalities on the road: car drivers and passengers, bus and coach occupants, powered two-wheelers' riders and passengers, cyclists, pedestrians, commercial vehicle drivers, etc. indicated in table 2.7.1 for 2014.

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0 ROBGMTFICYLUBEHRNLCZDEUKPLATELITEUSEFRHUSKSIIEDKPTLTLVESEE

23282829323642424250515152535456596163636565737384919192

106

MTSENLUKDKESDEIEFIATFREU 28SICYSKITEEPTLUHUBECZHRELPLLTROBGLV

232832343436404141424849515355646673757798

104106114116

120142161

205

SEUKNLDKFIDEMTFRIESILUITESEU 28ATEEBECYPTELCZSKLTHRHUBGPLLVRO

38596061737777799192949599101

104107122131

142144152155163177

204211

223328379

MTSENLUKFIDEESDKITATCYLUIESIEU 28FREEBEPTCZSKELPLLTHUHRBGLVRO

per million inhabitants

per 10 billion pkm per million passenger cars

61

Lives saved per million inhabitants in EU countries in 2015 (compared to 2001)

7.6

Source: CARE

0

30

60

90

120

150

LVLTPTESELLUEEFRSIBECYIEITPLHRSKATCZHUDKDESEFIUKNLBGROMT

Evolution of road fatalities and injured in EU 28, 2003-20157.7

Source: CARE

1400000

1300000

1700000

1500000

1600000

1800000

1900000

2000000 55000

50000

Injuries Road Fatalities

20032004

20052006

20072008

20092010 2011

20122013

20142015

62

45000

40000

35000

30000

25000

k.arampidou

Highlight

k.arampidou

Highlight

k.arampidou

Highlight

k.arampidou

Highlight

Road fatalities by mode of transport in EU 28, 2015

7.8

Source: CARE (EU road accidents database) or national publications

Other

Moped

Bus or Coach

Car + Taxi

Lorry <3.5 tonnes

HGV

Motorcycle

Agricultural Tractor

Cyclists

Pedestrian

Moped

Bus or Coach

Car + Taxi

Lorry <3.5 tonnes

HGV

Motorcycle


Cyclists

Pedestrian

7.8.1

7.8.2

7.8.3

TOTAL

INSIDE

URBAN

AREA

OUTSIDE

URBAN

AREA

46,1%

21,7%

15%

39,62%25,70%

15,35%

Moped

Bus or Coach

Car + Taxi

Lorry <3.5 tonnes

HGV

Motorcycle


Cyclists

Pedestrian

53.39% 13.46%

10.08%

63

7,8%

0,6%

0,5%

1,9%

2,6%

2,7%

1%

4,17%0,35%

1,57%

0,67%

0,59%

1,94%0,48%

5,33%

9,17%

2,54%3,61%

PTWs fatalities in selected EU countries, 2015 (%)

7.9

Source: CARE database (DG Mobility and Transport), national sources. Notes: Persons deceased within 30 days of their accident.

0

10

20

30

40

moped %

motor cycle %

UKSEFISKSIROPTPLATNLMTHULULTLVCYIT HRFRESELIEEEDEDKCZBGBE

64

Source: IRTAD, CARE, OECD Data and figures, EU: 2015, Australia: 2015, Israel: 2015, USA:2014, Japan:2014 figures

Road fatalities by age group in EU 28 and selected countries, 2015 (%)

7.11

0

20

40

60

80 % female

% male

UKSEFISKSIROPTPLATNLMTHULULTLVCYITHRFRESELIEEEDEDKCZBGBE

Source: CARE BE, DK, EL, PL, SE & UK 2014 figures BG 2009 figures MT, SK 2010 figures IE 2013 figures

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

USA

Japan

Israel

EU 28

Australia

>6425-6418-2415-170- 14

65

Road fatalities by gender in EU countries, 2015 (%)

7.10

Road Fatalities (per 100.000 population) in EU 28 and selected countries, 2014

7.12

Speed limits, blood alcohol limits by country

7.13

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

USANew ZealandKorea Japan Israel EU 28Canada (*)Australia(*)

Source: OECD * Figures & Data, USA: 2014, Australia: 2014, Canada:2014, Israel:2015, Japan:2014, Korea: 2014, New Zealand:2014

BEBGCZDKDEEEIEELESFRHR

ITCYLVLT

LUHUMTNLATPLPT

ROSI

SKFI

SEUK

30-5050505050505050505050505050505050505050

50-605050

30-5050

40-5050

32-48

90-120909080100

90-11080-10090-11090-10080-11090-11090-110

8090

70-9090

90-11080

80-100100

90-12090-10090-10090-100

9080-100

7096-112

120130130130

(130)-

120130120

110-130130130100110

110-130110-130

130-

130130140120130130130

100-120110112

0,50,50,00,50,50,20,50,50,50,50,50,50,50,50,40,50,00,80,50,50,20,50,00,50

0,50,20,8

Speed limit, cars (in general), km/h:

Built-up areas Outside built-up areas Motorways

Blood alcohol limit, grams of alcohol in 1

litre of blood

66

ALMEMKRSTR

ISNOCH

Source: National sources, International Transport Forum, EC Road Safety website, TIPSOL, World Health Organization

Notes : UK, IE, CY and MT drive on the left hand side of the road, the other Member States drive on the right hand side (Sweden since 3 September 1967). Signs in UK are in miles per hour.

The higher figure shown in the "outside built-up areas" column generally refers to the speed limit on dual carriageways that are not motorways. Speed limits: DE: Motorways: No general speed limit, recommended speed limit is 130 km/h (more than half the network has a speed limit of 120 km/h or less). FR: Dual carriageways 110 km/h. If the road is wet : motorways 110 km/h, dual carriageways 90 km/h, other roads outside built-up areas 80 km/h. IT: 150 km/h on certain 2x3 lane motorways if the operator so requests.

FI: in winter 100 km/h on motorways, 80 km/h on other roads. PL: Built-up areas: 50 km/h from 05h00 to 23h00, 60 km/h from 23h00 to 05h00. Blood alcohol limits: In many countries, special (more restrictive) rules apply to novice (i.e. new, unexperienced) and professional drivers

Fatalities at 30 days by road user type in EU countries7.14

Unknown

Pedestrian

Passenger

Driver

61,79%7.14.1TOTAL

Speed limit, cars (in general), km/h:

Built-up areas Outside built-up areas Motorways

Blood alcohol limit, grams of alcohol in 1

litre of blood

4050605050

505050

80-9080-10080-10080-10090-110

80-9080

80-100

110130120120120

-90-100

120

0,50,50,50,30,5

0,50,20,5

67

Pedestrian

Passenger

Driver

49,9%7.14.2

URBAN

Pedestrian

Passenger

Driver59,72%7.14.3

MOTORWAY

68

Pedestrian

Passenger

Driver70,597.14.4RURAL

Source: CARE

69

TAXATION

71

Taxes on acquisition of motor vehicles in EU countries, January 20178.1

Fiscal income from motor vehicles in EU selected countries, 2015 (EUR billion)

8.2Source: ACEA

Source: ACEA * latest available data; only countries for which sourced data is available are listed ** 2012 estimates for income from VAT and other taxes

ATBEBGHRCYCZDKEEFIFRDEELHUIEITLVLTLUMTNLPLPTROSKSIESSEUK

20%21%20%25%19%21%25%20%24%20%19%24%27%23%22%21%21%17%18%21%23%23%19%20%22%21%25%20%

Based on CO2 emissions (max 32% + bonus/malus) Based on purchase price + BGN 25 (plate) + BGN 160 (eco tax) Based on selling price and CO2 emissions Based on CO2 emissions and cylinder capacity Based on vehicle type and Euro standards Based on tra�c safety equipment and evaluation (105% up to DKK106,600 + 150% on the remainder) €62 (registrationlabel) + €130 (registration card) Based on price and CO2 emissions (min 3.8%, max 50%) Bonus/malus system based on CO2 emissions Based on purchase price + €26.30 (registration fees) Based on net retail price and CO2 emissions Based on age and cylinder capacity Based on CO2 emissions, from 14 to 36% Based on kilowatt, weight and seats Based on weight and fuel type Based on vehicle type Based on purchase price + registration fees (€24 or €50) Based on CO2 emissions, length and vehicle value Based on CO2 emissions and fuel e�ciency Based on cylinder capacity (3.1-18.6%) Based on cylinder capacity and CO2 emissions Based on purchase price + €9 (registration fees) Based on engine power (kW) and age Based on CO2 emissions and purchase price Based on CO2 emissions,from 4.75% (121-159g/km) to 14.75% (200g/km or more) Based on purchase price and vehicle type Based on invoice value or resale price

Based on cylinder capacity and age (Brussels-Capital)Fuel, age, Euro standards and CO2 emissions (Flanders) CO2 emissions (Wallonia)"

Registration TaxVAT

ATBEBGHRCYCZDKEEFIFRDEELHUIEITLVLTLUMTNLPLPTROSKSIESSEUK

VAT on vehicles, servicing/ repair parts, tyres

Fuels & LubricantsSales & registration taxesAnnual ownership taxes

Driving license fees Insurance taxes

TollsCustoms duties

Other taxesTOTAL (National currencies)

Total in EURO

AT€ bn2014

2,68

5,340,522,10

-0,321,69

-0,31

12,9613,00

BE€ bn2015

6,23

6,930,411,600,010,96

--

0,6616,8016,80

DKDKK bn

2014

NA

16,6115,8710,59

-1,580,38

--

45,026,10

DE€ bn2012

26,32

39,30-

8,990,013,79

-0,541,01

79,9680,00

ES€ bn2015

-

18,723,792,640,06

---

0,6625,8625,90

FI€ bn2015

1,50

4,070,880,93

-0,39

---

7,777,80

FR€ bn2014

13,74

37,102,071,00

-4,5911,03

-1,5871,1171,10

EL€ bn2013

0,16

3,770,051,30

n.a.

0,065,345,34

IE€ bn2015

0,60

3,030,681,12

-----

5,445,40

IT€ bn2015

16,10

36,841,525,95

-4,001,95

-5,5071,8671,90

NL€ bn2015

1,52

7,871,463,970,25

0,948--

2,3918,4118,40

PT€ bn2016

3,45

3,260,670,55

--

0,320,050,208,508,50

SESEK bn

2014

24,50

48,20-

14,30-

2,801,80

-4,5096,10

10

UK£bn

2016**

12,50

27,90-

5,80----

1,5047,7055,9

Total = EUR 395,7bn

72

Revenues from environmentally related taxes in % of GDP8.3

Environmental tax revenues by % of GDP in EU countries, 20158.3.1

Evolution of environmental tax revenues by % of GDP in EU 28, 2005-20158.3.2

Country code 2015

BEBGCZDKDEEEIEELESFRHRITCYLVLTLUHUMTNLATPLPTROSISKFISEUKEU 28

2,112,92,093,991,922,751,923,731,892,184,113,392,982,71,811,852,652,93,392,412,652,432,433,921,772,922,222,472,44

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

20052006

20072008

20092010 2011

20122013

20142015

Source: OECD 73

CO2 based motor vehicle taxes in EU countries, 20158.4

Excise duties on fuels in EU countries at 1-1-2015 & 1-1-2017 (EUR/1000 litres)

8.5

CountryAustria

BelgiumCyprus

GermanyDenmark

Spain FinlandFranceGreeceCroatiaIreland

LuxembourgLatviaMalta

NetherlandsPortugalRomania

SwedenSlovenia

United Kingdom

CO2 based motor vehicle taxes in the EU in 2015Fuel consumption tax (CO2) levied on the first registration of the carCO2-based registration tax (Wallonia). Registration tax based on CO2 emissions, Euro standards, fuel consumption and age (Flanders). CO2-based company car tax.Registration tax and annual circulation tax based on CO2 emission CO2-based annual circulation tax.annual circulation tax based on fuel consumption. Registration tax (based on price) linked to fuel consumptionCO2-based registration tax.Registration tax and annual circulation tax based on CO2 emissionRegistration tax, annual circulation tax and company car tax based on CO2 emissions.CO2-based annual circulation taxRegistration tax based on price, CO2 emissions and fuel consumption.Registration tax and annual circulation tax based on CO2 emissions.CO2-based annual circulation tax.CO2-based registration tax.Registration tax based on price, CO2 emissions and vehicle length. Annual circulation tax based on CO2 emissions and ageCO2-based registration taxRegistration tax based on cubic capacity and CO2 emissions. Annual circulation tax based on cubic capacity, CO2 emissions and ageRegistration tax based on CO2 emissions, cubic capacity, exhaust emissions and age.Annual circulation tax based on CO2 emissions and exhaust emissionsCO2-based registration tax.Annual circulation tax and company car tax based on CO2 emissions

ATBEDEDKELESFI

FRHR

IEIT

LUNLPTSEUKBGCYCZEE

HULTLV

MTPL

ROSI

SKEU 28 average

Source: ACEA

515615670608416425681624479587728465759617646674363479469423397434411519349461596551554

425443486414383331506468374479617338478402602674330450398393384330333422345430495386449

482623655564700461703651519588728462772671405680363479475465388434436549395368508515557

397513470363410367530531412479617335486446260680330450405448357330341472345337426368441

-6,4%1,3%

-2,2%-7,2%68,3%8,5%3,2%4,3%

0,2%0,0%-0,6%1,7%8,8%

-37,3%0,9%0,0%0,0%1,3%9,9%-2,3%0,0%6,1%5,8%13,2%

-20,2%-14,8%-6,5%0,5%

-6,6%15,8%-3,3%-12,3%7,0%10,9%4,7%13,5%

0,0%0,0%-0,9%1,7%

10,9%-56,8%

0,9%0,0%0,0%1,8%

14,0%-7,0%0,0%2,4%11,8%0,0%

-21,6%-13,9%-4,7%-1,7%

Unleaded Petrol

Unleaded PetrolDiesel

Unleaded Petrol Diesel Diesel

1 Jaunuary 2015 1 January 2017 % change 2015-2017

74

At the pump prices of petroleum in EU 28, first quarter of 2017* (€/litre)

8.6

At the pump prices of automotive diesel in EU countries, 2017 (€/litre) 8.6.1

At the pump prices of premium unleaded gasoline 95 in EU countries, 2017 (€/litre)8.6.2

Source: DG ENER, Member States, *Average of the First 4 Months of 2012

0.0

0.3

0.6

0.9

1.2

1.5

United K

ingdom

Sweden

Spain

Slovenia

Slovakia

Romani

a

Portuga

lPola

nd

Netherla

ndsMalta

Luxem

bourg

Lithuan

iaLat

viaItaly

Ireland

Hungary

Greece

Germany

France

Finland

Estonia

Denmark

Czech R

epublic

Cyprus

Croatia

Bulgaria

BelgiumAust

ria

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

75

SEFISKSIROPTPLATNLMTHULULTLVCYITHRFRESELIEEEDEDKCZBGBE

Net charges per domestic haul by type in EU countries, 2012 (EUR/litre)

8.7

Source: OECD

BelgiumBulgaria

Czech RepublicDenmarkGermany

EstoniaIrelandGreece

SpainFrance

CroatiaItaly

CyprusLatvia

LithuaniaLuxembourg

HungaryMalta

NetherlandsAustriaPoland

PortugalRomaniaSloveniaSlovakiaFinlandSweden

United Kingdom

3,15

7,33,43,4

17,54,83,33,4

3

22,82,63,1

4,26,42,73,44,4

94,54

8,3

55,240,9656,3256,3260,1649,264

52,4842,2455,04

56,32

42,2438,438,449,2

48,6455,0451,249,247,3639,6846,0847,3660,1665,2892,16

Vehicle Taxes (EUR/domestic

haul)Fuel Taxes (EUR/do-

mestic haul)

76

ENVIRONMENT

78

Comparison between freight & passenger transport evolution and CO2 emissions in EU 28, 1995-2014

9.1

CO2 emissions from road transport in EU and selected countries, 2000-2014 (g/ tonne-km & g/ passenger-km)

9.2

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

19951996

19971998

19992000

20012002

20032004

20052006

20072008

20092010 2011

20122013

2014

Source: EC * Including International Bunkers (international tra�c departing from the EU)

Source: EC * Including International Bunkers (international tra�c departing from the EU)

Passenger Transport in EU 28(billion pkm)

Freight Transport in EU 28 (billion tkm)

CO2 emissions* from transport in EU 28(million tonnes)

100

150

200

CO2 emissions (g/ passenger-km)

CO2 emissions(g/ tonne-km)

79

20002001

20022003

20042005

20062007

20082009

2010 20112012

20132014

Source: EEA(*) EU-28 plus Norway, Switzerland and Turkey

CO2 emissions from road passenger transport by mode in EU and selected countries (g/pkm)

9.3

CO2 emissions from road freight transport in EU and selected countries (g/tkm) 9.4

Source: EEA(*) EU-28 plus Norway, Switzerland and Turkey

0

30

60

90

120

150Passenger Cars

Buses + Coaches

Passenger Cars

Buses + Coaches

Light DutyVehicles

Heavy DutyVehicles

Two-wheelers

20142000 2007 2011

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

20002005

20102015

80

Source: EC

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0EU 28

UKSEESSISKROPTPLNLMTLULTLVITIEHUELDEFRFIEEDKCZCYHRBGBEAT

Average CO2 emissions per km from new passenger cars in EU, 2014-2015 9.5

ATBEBGHRCYCZDKEEFI

FRDEEL

HUIEIT

LVLT

LUMTNLPLPT

ROSKSI

ESSEUK

EU 28

128,5121,3135,9115,8129,8131,6110,2140,9127,4114,2132,5108,2

133117,1118,1

140,4135,8129,9115,3107,3132,9108,8128,2131,7121,3118,6131

124,6124,7

123,7117,9130,3112,8125,7126,3106,2137,2123111

128,3106,4129,6114,1115,2137,1130

127,5113,3101,2129,3105,7125

127,6119,2115,3126,3121,3120,9

-4%-3%-4%-3%-3%-4%-4%-3%-3%-3%-3%-2%-3%-3%-2%-2%-4%-2%-2%-6%-3%-3%-2%-3%-2%-3%-4%-3%-3%

2014 2015Evolution

2014-2015

Average CO2 emissions in EU countries, 2014 - 2015 (g CO2 / km) 9.5.1

Evolution in CO2 emissions in EU countries, 2014 - 2015 (%) 9.5.2

81

50

100

150

2002020 target

2015 target

Average CO2 emissions from new passenger cars

Source: ACEA

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Alternative fuelsDieselPetrol

2012

2013

2014

2015

Evolution of CO2 emissions from new passenger cars in EU (gCO2/km)9.5.3

20002005

20102015

2020

Fuel market share for new car registrations in EU, 2012-2015 (%)

9.6Source: EEA

82



Total



Total

2010 2011 2012 2013

1-

13371

16697-3

73492

-396

157--2-

85100

1-8

78-1

513183

435301812462861

328*33

3251910

-706

643850

1490

368289370289702288

288246145

8723

47226154225

28000

26*78

6041559

-479

656790

1500

3702263632871010

103225*225218

8083

3768

117235

22230

27*219

4001964

11349

681

1070

1501

1102*114

602176100

1110

251*235197

7398

56513

2103342516

024*220618

188533

3871

611180

1501

1248*2396483141372

105320*334277

8590

741378502250

46553574*70241942445

5518372015614720158

525054951269590407108158

400*282505

21500

20142005

Source: EBB * IE, FI, NL: Data include hydro-diesel production (*) 2010 Biodiesel production of SE is included in the 246.000 tonnes indicated for DK

Source: Eurostat

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

BelgiumBulgaria



SpainFrance

CroatiaItaly

CyprusLatvia

LithuaniaLuxembourg

HungaryMalta



United KingdomIceland

NorwayAlbania

SerbiaTurkey

EU (28 countries)

Biodiesel production in EU countries, 2005-2014 (1000 tonnes)

9.7

Biofuels share in transport consumption in EU, 1996-2015 (%)

9.8

19961997

19981999

20002001

20022003

20042005

20062007

20082009

2010 20112012

20132014

2015

83

Source: JRC - EDGAR * Includes public power and heat production ** Excludes emissions from non-energy use and feedstock use of fuels *** Excludes international marine and aviation bunkers **** Service sector; includes agriculture and forestry

Source: Eurostat

38%55%53%20%32%45%24%27%35%26%34%33%24%31%34%52%32%0%

33%32%42%40%62%41%47%44%40%25%27%38%35%39%31%34%

25%16%9%

30%26%15%28%40%40%31%22%32%58%18%21%30%16%67%24%26%12%32%8%

25%9%

20%24%34%20%24%12%14%25%26%

26%15%22%30%27%18%32%21%16%26%30%24%10%25%19%15%35%17%23%30%30%19%26%25%15%25%21%27%20%22%27%25%38%25%

2%5%5%5%1%

13%3%7%3%3%7%3%0%9%8%0%6%0%8%3%6%4%3%0%5%4%3%1%2%3%0%1%5%3%

9%1%9%13%13%6%13%4%6%13%7%8%5%17%18%2%

10%0%11%9%8%5%1%8%

24%4%13%9%14%13%0%1%2%

10%

0%9%2%0%1%4%0%0%0%0%0%0%3%0%0%0%0%16%0%0%2%0%1%0%0%3%0%3%1%0%

25%21%0%1%

BelgiumBulgaria



SpainFrance

CroatiaItaly

CyprusLatvia

LithuaniaLuxembourg

HungaryMalta



United KingdomIceland

NorwayAlbania

SerbiaTurkey

EU (28 countries)

Industry Transport Households Agriculture ServicesFisheries

and other sectors

Other Buildings****

Residential Sector

Other Transport***

Road Transport

Manufacturing industry **

Autoproducers/ other energy industry

Main Activity Power Generation*

38%

Share of total CO2 emmissions from fossil fuel by sector in EU (Mt CO2), 20169.9

Final energy consumption by sector in EU countries, 2015 (% of TOE)

9.10

84

38%55%53%20%32%45%24%27%35%26%34%33%24%31%34%52%32%0%

33%32%42%40%62%41%47%44%40%25%27%38%35%39%31%34%

25%16%9%

30%26%15%28%40%40%31%22%32%58%18%21%30%16%67%24%26%12%32%8%

25%9%

20%24%34%20%24%12%14%25%26%

26%15%22%30%27%18%32%21%16%26%30%24%10%25%19%15%35%17%23%30%30%19%26%25%15%25%21%27%20%22%27%25%38%25%

2%5%5%5%1%

13%3%7%3%3%7%3%0%9%8%0%6%0%8%3%6%4%3%0%5%4%3%1%2%3%0%1%5%3%

9%1%9%13%13%6%13%4%6%13%7%8%5%17%18%2%

10%0%11%9%8%5%1%8%

24%4%13%9%14%13%0%1%2%

10%

0%9%2%0%1%4%0%0%0%0%0%0%3%0%0%0%0%16%0%0%2%0%1%0%0%3%0%3%1%0%

25%21%0%1%

CASE STUDY

86

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

87

Ethiopia is a large country with diverse and complex social fabric. A landlocked nation with an area of 1,1mil-lion sq. km. With a population exceeding 94million Ethiopia is the second most populous country in Africa next to Nigeria. Planned road construction e�orts in Ethiopia began in early 18th century. Towards the end of the 19th and early decades of the 20th century, successful advancement in road construction has been witnessed. These e�orts grew and led to the establishment of a semi-autono-mous agency dedicated to design, construct and main-tain roads. Even though the shape and nature of the agency has frequently changed due to the rise and fall of regimes, it has managed to maintain the core function of building, rehabilitating and managing road and road assets of the country until now. Before 1978, Ethiopian Roads Authority followed a project-by-project approach planning method to construct and maintain roads. In 1997, the Road Sector Development Program (RSDP) was designed, a program which has enormously increased the road network coverage of the country. When RDSP was introduced, the aim was to enhance the quality and extent of road infrastructure. The review of the program showed encouraging results in terms of road coverage expansion and improvement of road condition. Current-ly, the total road network of Ethiopia stands at 140.000km (paved and unpaved) compared to 24.970km when the program was first initialised 20years ago. Nevertheless, there are still areas current-ly not served by road.

88

Total length of federal roads in Ethiopia, 2015 (post RSDP)

10.1

Road Network evolution since the inception of RSDP (km)

10.2

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

3708

3760

3812

3824

3924

4053

4362

4635

4972

5002

5452

6066

6938

7476

8295

9875

11301

12640

12162

12240

12250

12250

12467

12564

12340

13905

13640

14311

14628

14363

14234

14373

14136

14675

14455

14217

10680

11737

12600

15480

16480

16680

17154

17956

18406

20164

22349

23930

25640

26944

30712

31550

32582

33609

Asphalt Gravel Rural

854

6983

27628

39056

Wereda

26550

27737

28662

31554

32871

33297

33856

36496

37018

39477

42429

44359

46812

48793

53997

63083

85966

99522

Total

-

4,5%

3,3%

10,1%

4,2%

1,3%

1,7%

7,8%

1,4%

6,6%

7,5%

4,5%

5,5%

4,2%

10,7%

16,8%

36,3%

15,8%

Growth Rate (%)

0,46

0,46

0,46

0,50

0,50

0,49

0,49

0,51

0,51

0,53

0,55

0,56

0,57

0,58

0,66

0,75

1,00

1,10

Road Density / 1000 Popn

24,1

25,2

26,1

28,7

29,9

30,3

30,8

33,2

33,6

35,9

38,6

40,3

42,6

44,4

49,1

57,3

78,2

90,5

Road Density/ 1000 sq. km

Road Network (km)

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

19971998 1999

20002001

20022003

20042005

20062007

20082009

2010 20112012

20132014

Asphalt

Gravel

Rural

Wereda

Total

89

Road Network Growth Rate in Ethiopia Post RSDP10.3

Since the introduction of Road Sector Development Program (RSDP) in 1997 the country is a victim of the inevitable steep increase in road tra�c accidents because of the motorisation induced by the growing economy. As a country aspiring to become middle earning, the trend of not coping with the rapid motorisation in terms of safety and infrastructure demand is a significant challenge for Ethiopia. According to the WHO, the country stood among the top countries with devastating road safety status. Behavioural problems, poorly enforced road safety regulations, inadequate and substandard road infrastructure, and higher population of vulnerable road users (mostly pedestrians) combined with an ever-in-creasing number of vehicles are the core reasons of road safety problems in Ethiopia.

ROAD

SAF

ETY

IN E

THIO

PIA

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40Growth Rate (%)

19971998 1999

20002001

20022003

20042005

20062007

20082009

2010 20112012

2013

90

Road fatalities and serious injuries in Ethiopia, 2008 - 201310.4

Evolution of road tra�c fatalities in Ethiopia, 2003 – 2013 (%)

10.5

0

1000

3000

5000

7000 Serious Injuries

Fatalities

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

2003 -

2004 2004 -

2005 2006 -

2007 2007 -

20082005 -

2006 2008 -

2009 2009 -

2010 2010 -

2011 2011 -

2012 2012 -

2013

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Source: World Bank, ERA 91

Authors:Christophe Nicodème

Konstandinos DiamandourosJosé Diez

Concetta DursoKyriaki Arampidou

Ali Kemal Nuri

92

road statistics final 24-10 - erf.be · pkm passenger-kilometre ptw powered two-wheelers ten-t...

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