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Road Design Standards 6.1 Part A Introduction Page 1

Road Design Standards - by Country

Image: Kanda Overpass, Ring Road, Accra - Ghana (Magnus L. Quarshie).

Tags design standards, geometric design, design manuals road design

Changes Updates and addiitions Modified page layout

Version

6.1

This version covers ● 79 countries ● 7 multi-country standards ● 3 special topics ● 128 pages

August 2016

Ghana Edition

Publication website: https://roaddesignstandards.wordpress.com/


Contents 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 3

1.1 Purpose ......................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Structure ........................................................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Change log .................................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Cover notes, disclaimer, copyright ................................................................................................ 4 1.5 About the Editor ............................................................................................................................. 5 1.6 Contact .......................................................................................................................................... 5

2 Notes on Ghana ............................................................................................................................... 6 3 Background .................................................................................................................................... 10

3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 10

3.1.1 Countries ............................................................................................................................... 11 3.1.2 Types of standard ................................................................................................................. 11 3.1.3 Different standards for different road types .......................................................................... 11 3.1.4 One country, many standards ............................................................................................... 12 3.1.5 Different countries, different standards ................................................................................. 12 3.1.6 Multi-country standards ........................................................................................................ 12 3.1.7 Standards change over time ................................................................................................. 12 3.1.8 Standards are published in different languages ................................................................... 12

3.2 Standards in this document ......................................................................................................... 12 3.3 Evaluation of country standards .................................................................................................. 13 3.4 Evaluation of multi-country standards ......................................................................................... 14


1 Introduction

Image: Dr. Busia Highway – (Kaneshie), Accra - Ghana (Magnus L. Quarshie)

1.1 Purpose

Most countries issue their own guidelines on highway geometric design (and some issue more than one guideline). The guidelines offer a good place to start from when a new project involves road design in their country. Compiling a document on guidelines in different countries is also one step towards identifying current best practice in design.

This document provides an overview of what the current standards are in a number of different countries. The details are as accurate as could be prepared at the time of publication, but there are no claims that they are either complete or fully up to date.

1.2 Structure

This document has four main sections:

Part A Introduction

1. Introduction with some background notes on guidelines and standards 2. Month section this edition has some background notes on Ghana 3. Discussion Background discussion on standards and guidelines

Part B Detail pages

The detail pages are grouped into three sections:

4 Country pages - notes on guidelines and standards presented on a country-by-country basis 5 Multi-country pages - notes on standards which were designed to cover more than one

country 6 Special topics - single page notes listing documents on one or two special topics


1.3 Change log

Version 05.4 July 2016

Update layout, added more country pages, updated several country pages, added “month section” notes

05.03a January 2016

Modified cover page, added more country pages. Started to add charts (one only in this edition).

05.01 October 2015 Introductory text updated and extended. Page headers modified. Section divider sheets added. Several country pages added, other pages updated or checked. Some more multi-country standards added. Some updates to the text notes. Detailed tables modified, with symbols showing availability (and with “availability” notes deleted).

Version 4 04.03 July 2015 Some pages added, other pages updated or checked (here the page titles are usually in red in this version) Also started adding “special topics” pages.

04.01 March 2015 Modified detail page layout, minor changes to introduction and text section, new “Multi-country standards” section added, details on several more countries added.

03.01 July 2014 Modified detail page layout, added introduction, added more countries, added introduction

1.4 Cover notes, disclaimer, copyright

This is a research document. The best efforts have been made to make sure the figures are correct. However no liability can be taken for any of the details, information or analysis in this document.

The layout, look and feel of this document is copyright. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/


1.5 About the Editor

Robert Bartlett is an experienced transportation and urban development studies engineer with over 30 years of professional experience. Currently focussing on highway geometrics and parking studies he has also developed new ideas on subjects such as GIS and the study of social justice, urban land use classification, and network management systems. Invited to present papers at conferences organised by the EC, the US Institute of Transportation Engineers, the UK's AGI, and others.

Current engineering work: includes technical research in highway design standards and applications in areas such as urban planning and highway engineering. Considerable practical experience with leading UK and international consultancies, contractors and government organisations in Europe, the Middle East, and South-East Asia. Transport and infrastructure work presently involves publications on the dimensions of vehicles, and on road hierarchy and streets design.

Countries of work experience include: Albania, Denmark, Germany, Holland, Hong Kong, India, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, P.R.China, Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Switzerland, Tanzania, UAE, Uganda and the UK.

Robert Bartlett has a LinkedIn profile at

https://de.linkedin.com/in/robert-bartlett-8195202

1.6 Contact

This is a “work in progress” document. If you have any suggestions, corrections or details of potentially interesting documents not presently listed, contact the Editor at : [email protected]


2 Notes on Ghana

Background

Wikiipedia introduces Ghana as follows:

"Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a sovereign unitary presidential constitutional democracy, located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in the subregion of West Africa. Spanning a land mass of 238,535 km2, Ghana is bordered by the Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, Togo in the east and the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean in the south".

The same webpage also says the country has a population of some 27 million people. Some 24% of the population live below the national poverty line (link). Poverty is worse in the northern part of the country, whilst Ghana’s population, income, and mineral resources are concentrated in the southern half of the country. When "accessibility" is defined as "% of pop without all-season motorable road within 1-2 km of household"Ghana has an accessibility of 20. In comparison, Germany has an accessibility of 0 (zero) and Ethiopia an accessibility of 60 (ref. 919).

Road network

According to a document from Ghana's Ministry of Roads and Highways (ref.2239), in 2012 there were 68,124 km of roads in the country, consisting of:

● 13,344 km of trunk roads ● 12,600 km of urban roads ● 42,210 km of feeder roads

It is not clear whether the totals include cycle ways or tracks and trails.

(The figure on the left is taken from National Spatial Development Framework volume I)

Road standards

Engineer Magnus L. Quarshie writes (ref. 2293) that:

"Ghana has a Geometric Design Guide published by the Ghana Highway Authority. This manual published in the 1991 was led and funded by the Japanese. It gives a standard for quality design in the Ghanaian context. Another manual which affects the design of roads is the Manual on Road Signs in Ghana….

Ghanaian Consultants and Regulators regularly consult foreign manuals and other publications in the pursuit of design excellence. It has become fairly common for American, European and British publications to be consulted in the design process where the Geometric Design Manual is found wanting. The AASHTO’s A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, popularly called The Green

Book, and the Federal Highway Administration’s Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices are two of such publications. "


Road users

There seems to be a tendency to assume the default value for "most used form of transport" is the motor car, and this may apply to Ghana as much as anywhere else. For example, in a paper published in 2013 (ref.2322), Gina Porter says of Ghana's Cape Coast city:

"In Cape Coast, as in many other African cities, transport-poverty linkages are strongly in evidence. The city’s middle class, including government and university staff, commonly own private vehicles for their personal and family use.... However, the majority of people living in the study neighbourhoods (Abura and Simiw) do not own personal vehicles. From small surveys with around 125 children (aged about 9–18 years) in both areas, it emerged that only 4.5 per cent of children’s households in Abura owned a private car and none whatsoever in Simiw".

Further, the final report of the National Spatial Development Framework (ref. 2317) says that

"Bicycle commuting is popular in the three northern regions, particularly in Northern where it accounts for about 50 percent of all commuters, but not in the others. In Greater Accra, where jobs are concentrated and roads are bicycle-unfriendly, 31 percent walk and 2 percent only bicycle to work.... Nationally, some 64 percent of commuters use non-motorised transport with 54 percent walking and 10 percent using bicycles".

New technology

Ghana may be lacking in terms of modern road design standards, but the country seems to very interested in applying new technology to the study, planning and development of its road networks. GIS has been used in studies on road maintenance management (ref.2321), in analysing geo-environmental data to find the least cost route for a new road (ref.2320), in "GIS a Tool for Transportation Infrastructure Planning in Ghana A Case Study to the Department of Feeder Roads" (ref.2319).

The country now has a National Spatial Development Framework . As described in volume I of the NSDF, "In Ghana, the agency responsible for all spatial planning is the Town and Country Planning Department, under the Ministry of Environment, Science Technology and Innovation. In 2011, TCPD established a “3-tier”, hierarchical, spatial planning system that comprises (i) spatial development frameworks, or SDFs, (ii) structure plans, and (iii) local plans, with each tier having its own function and process".

Comment

Magnus L. Quarshie (ref.2293) says that in

"There is a mix-up of foreign design standards as the Ghana Standard is not well-developed. Consequently foreign firms may sometimes bring in designs which may not work and there’s no way of knowing this by Ghanaian Standards. There has been no revision of the GHA standards for the 25 odd years it’s been in existence"

And

"Ghana has built a huge network of roads over the past 58 years of independence. It is important that as the country strives to attain its Human Development goals, this road network will be improved to help the effort. An effective and efficient Geometric Design process is one way in which improved safety, operations and optimal cost of road infrastructure can be achieved".


(The above figure taken from National Spatial Development Framework volume I)

And Stephen Yao Fiatornu (ref. 2319) says that:

“If GIS technology is exploited to it’s fullest extent in Ghana it will completely take over the decision making process in transportation engineering. The huge amount of information related to transport infrastructure in Ghana could be put together for its most efficient utilization in planning, design, construction, maintenance and management of the transport system”.

It might also be said that using new techniques such as GIS with inconsistent, out-dated and even wrong techniques such as geometric design standards, will lead to black-box approaches to road planning which will be certain to fail.


References

2318 - AICD country report "Ghana’s Infrastructure: A Continental Perspective", IBRD 2010

919 - Design and appraisal of rural transport infrastructure, World Bank technical paper 496, World Bank 91

2239 - Pilot programme based budget for 2013-2015 / final draft, Ministry of roads and highways, 2013

2293 - Magnus L. Quarshie "Ghana country report on geometric design", 2015

2237 - Magnus L. Quarshie "NMT - the Ghana experience" (presentation) Centre for cycling expertise, 52011

2322 Gina Porter "Urban transport in Cape Coast, Ghana: A social sustainability analysis", unhabitat.org, 2013

2321 DR.-Ing. Collins Fosu and Prince Charles Acquah, "Application of Geoinformation in maintenance management of roads in Ghana" (presentation)

2320 Kursah, M.B. (2014) – Geo-environmental assessment to identify a least-cost road in Ghana, Applied GIS, 10(3), 1-22

2319 - Stephen Yao Fiatornu, "GIS - a tool for transport infrastructure planning in Ghana", FIG 2006

2317 - National Spatial Development Framework volume I conditions and main issues, Government of Ghana, 2015


3 Background

Image: George W. Bush N1 Highway, Accra - Ghana (Magnus L. Quarshie)

3.1 Introduction

People say the world is becoming smaller. Companies sell the same goods in scores of countries, people from one country go on business or holiday trips in other countries and regions, most of the time without any particular problem. We could say the same about road transport - virtually the same cars are sold in every country, people from one country into and through in other countries, again generally without any particular problem.

If the same cars and the same people can be seen on the road in different countries, then perhaps road design manuals should say the same thing regardless of country. And if they don't, then maybe highway engineers could benefit from a study of the differences. But you cannot begin such a study if you don't actually know what the various current design manuals are.

The idea is therefore to prepare a list of road design standards for as many countries as possible. After that the preparation of summary notes should be quite straight-forward. Of course, life isn't that simple. It turns out that:


1. There can be different understandings of the term “country”

2. There can be different terms and meanings for the idea of a "standard"

3. One country can have different design standards for different road types

4. Countries often have several design standards, and these can give conflicting advice

5. Design manuals from different countries can give conflicting advice about the same design

parameter

6. There are a number of documents which cover several countries (“multi-country standards”)

7. Standards in a country will change over the life-time of its roads (so that the design brief for a

section built this year could be different from that for a section built in five years time).

8. Standards are published in different languages (even within one country)

A list of standards should therefore ideally include details of recently superceded documents, of multi-country standards, and of document titles in both the original language and in an international language such as English.

3.1.1 Countries

It is not clear how many countries there are in the world (different sources give different lists). This document is based on a UN publication (ref. 1648)

1, so that there are about 242 countries altogether.

It is also not clear what exactly a “country” is. For example, some parts of the world are not actually independent - they may be dependent or non self-governing territories. Some countries may be so small that - for the purposes of this document - they can be ignored. For example the population of Palau is less than 21,000. But Samoa, with a population of some 200,000, has its own road standards; and Iceland (population around 323,000) certainly has some interesting standards of its own.) A country may be part of another country - for example, Scotland is part of the UK.And some countries may be defined as fragile (or failed) states, ones perhaps where, from Wikipedia:

“central government is so weak or ineffective, that it has little practical control over much of its territory; non-provision of public services; widespread corruption and criminality; refugees and involuntary movement of populations and sharp economic decline”

There is even a “fragile states index”. However even a fragile state may have some useful standards on road design, as for example Nigeria (ranked as “high alert” in the index).

This document generally works to the document “UN Country classification 2012”.

3.1.2 Types of standard

For the time being this document uses the term "standard" to refer to documents which include information on the geometric design of roads. Other terms for these documents include “manual”, “guideline” and “handbook”. There may be differences in these “standards”; for example, a standard when as a guideline contains information which the engineer may choose to use; but standards may also be issued as instructions which contain information which an engineer is expected to use.

3.1.3 Different standards for different road types

I initially thought that a standard would cover all road types - for example, I expected that surface friction (whatever value the standard suggested) would be the same for all road types and classes. In fact this is not the case; some manuals give different values for surface friction depending on road class. The problem with this is that there is no agreement on what road types or what road classes there are even in English (that is, without adding the complication standards being developed in different languages).

1 Ref. 1648 - UN Country classification 2012


3.1.4 One country, many standards

Again, I expected that for any particular country there would be one standard which would have official status - or after some research, perhaps up to three (perhaps one each for regional, urban and rural roads). Once again, life proves to be more complicated. In some countries, “standards” are issued by several different levels of government (in the USA, by state and city authorities) and by some independent and professional organisations (again, in the USA, e.g. by NACTO). There is no reason to expect the different documents to say the same thing about any design parameter (otherwise what would be the point of them). The question then becomes , how can someone tell which of the different standards offers the best solution for a particular design problem.

3.1.5 Different countries, different standards

Many countries produce their own standards. There is no reason to suppose that these all say the same thing, although in a different language. This situation can present the design engineer with a problem, where for example he has to design a road in a country where the standard is out of date (such as Ghana), or where the road link he is designing crosses a country boundary.

3.1.6 Multi-country standards

There are arguably three types of standard which are not necessarily related to any particular country:textbooks, topic-specific standards,and multi-country standards. A multi-country standard is one which is issued by an organisation and is intended to be applied by several countries (one example is the design standard for the Asian Highway Network). Some of these appear to be too simplistic; they don’t give the same advice; they may not be updated as frequently as a country’s own standards; and they may anyway not give the best advice.

3.1.7 Standards change over time

Standards change with time, In the USA for example, editions of the AASHTO document “A policy on the geometric design of highways and streets” were published in 1994, 2001, 2004 and 2011. The advice given in a new edition will not always agree with the advice in earlier editions.

3.1.8 Standards are published in different languages

This can be the case even within one country (Switzerland, for example). The problem is that good ideas in road design may be published in a language which few engineers in the world can speak, and so are not given the acceptance which they deserve. Denmark and Finland are examples.

3.2 Standards in this document

This document includes details of what appear to be national standards, and often of other standards issued by organisations within the country. So for the USA there is reference to the AASHTO standard and also to some State DOT standards. There are separate sections for “multi-country” standards, and for “special topics”.


3.3 Evaluation of country standards

Just because an organisation or a country issues a standard is no indication that the standard is particularly good. The following table represents a subjective classification of the some of the countries’ standards considered so far.

Table 1: Subjective evaluation of some country standards

Good Useful Limited Minimum / none

Abu Dhabi Emirate

Australia

Austria

Finland

Germany

Netherlands

Norway

Russia

Sweden

Switzerland

Argentina

Bangladesh

Chile

Ecuador

Ethiopia

France

Hungary

Iceland

Ireland

Kenya

Nepal

Paraguay

Peru

Qatar

Singapore

South Africa

Spain

Tanzania

Uganda

Afghanistan

Albania

Algeria

Bhutan

Bolivia

Bosnia and Herzeg

Brazil.

Colombia

Costa Rica

Czech Republic

Estonia

Georgia (Caucasus)

Greece

Honduras

Hong Kong

India

Indonesia

Italy

Nigeria

Portugal

Puerto Rico

Romania

Saudi Arabia

Serbia

Slovenia

Turkey

UK

USA

American Samoa

Anguilla

Antigua and Barbuda

Armenia

Belgium

Botswana

Croatia

Cyprus

French Guiana

Ghana

Libya

Mozambique

Samoa

Zambia


3.4 Evaluation of multi-country standards

Just because an international organisation issues a standard is no indication that the standard is particularly good. The following table represents a subjective classification of the some of the multi-country standards considered so far.

Table 2: Subjective evaluation of some multi-country standards

Good Useful Limited Minimum / none

Austroads SADC Arab Mashreq

ASEAN

Asian Highway Standards

TEM

Road Design Standards 6.1 Part B Detail Pages Page 15

PART B – DETAIL PAGES

The following detail pages provide information on standards related to highway geometric design.

There are three sections, which cover

individual countries

multi-country standards

special topics

The country pages are listed in alphabetical order.

The page layout is almost the same in each section. The exception is an initial “country” column in the

special topics pages. Each page has four sections: a documents table, some notes, some notes on

sources, and some weblinks.

The documents table has straight-forward details such as document name, publisher and year. The

column on the right, headed “Ref. No.”, Refers to the document identification number in the Editor’s

Document Management System (DMS).

The first column in each table (column A) sometimes contains a colour symbol � against a particular document. This indicates the document is available in the DMS.

The notes section provides additional information about the standards listed for the particular

country.

The “source notes” section gives an indication of whether the country’s standards are substantially

derived from those of another country.

The Links section gives a few links for follow-up research..


Contents

4 Country pages

1 Abu Dhabi ........................................................................................................................................ 18 2 Afghanistan ...................................................................................................................................... 21 3 Albania ............................................................................................................................................. 22 4 Algeria .............................................................................................................................................. 23 5 American Samoa.............................................................................................................................. 25 6 Andorra ............................................................................................................................................ 26 7 Anguilla ............................................................................................................................................ 27 8 Antigua and Barbuda ....................................................................................................................... 28 9 Armenia ............................................................................................................................................ 29 10 Australia ........................................................................................................................................... 30 11 Austria .............................................................................................................................................. 32 12 Bangladesh ...................................................................................................................................... 34 13 Belgium ............................................................................................................................................ 35 14 Bhutan .............................................................................................................................................. 36 15 Bolivia ............................................................................................................................................... 37 16 Botswana ......................................................................................................................................... 38 17 Brazil ................................................................................................................................................ 39 18 Canada ............................................................................................................................................. 40 19 Chile ................................................................................................................................................. 42 20 China ................................................................................................................................................ 43 21 Colombia .......................................................................................................................................... 45 22 Costa Rica ........................................................................................................................................ 46 23 Croatia .............................................................................................................................................. 47 24 Cyprus .............................................................................................................................................. 48 25 Czech Republic ................................................................................................................................ 49 26 Ecuador ............................................................................................................................................ 51 27 Estonia ............................................................................................................................................. 52 28 Ethiopia ............................................................................................................................................ 53 29 Fiji ..................................................................................................................................................... 55 30 Finland ............................................................................................................................................. 56 31 France .............................................................................................................................................. 57 32 Georgia (Caucasus) ......................................................................................................................... 59 33 Germany .......................................................................................................................................... 60 34 Ghana .............................................................................................................................................. 61 35 Greece ............................................................................................................................................. 63 36 Honduras .......................................................................................................................................... 64 37 Hong Kong ....................................................................................................................................... 65 38 Hungary ............................................................................................................................................ 67 39 Iceland .............................................................................................................................................. 68 40 India ................................................................................................................................................. 69 41 Indonesia .......................................................................................................................................... 70 42 Iran ................................................................................................................................................... 71 43 Ireland .............................................................................................................................................. 72 44 Italy ................................................................................................................................................... 74 45 Kenya ............................................................................................................................................... 75 46 Latvia ................................................................................................................................................ 76 47 Libya ................................................................................................................................................. 77 48 Lithuania ........................................................................................................................................... 78 49 Malawi .............................................................................................................................................. 79 50 Malta ................................................................................................................................................ 80 51 Mozambique ..................................................................................................................................... 82 52 Nepal ................................................................................................................................................ 83 53 Netherlands ...................................................................................................................................... 84


54 Nigeria .............................................................................................................................................. 85 55 New Zealand .................................................................................................................................... 86 56 Norway ............................................................................................................................................. 87 57 Palestine .......................................................................................................................................... 88 58 Paraguay .......................................................................................................................................... 89 59 Peru .................................................................................................................................................. 90 60 Portugal ............................................................................................................................................ 91 61 Puerto Rico ...................................................................................................................................... 93 62 Qatar ................................................................................................................................................ 94 63 Romania ........................................................................................................................................... 95 64 Russia .............................................................................................................................................. 96 65 Samoa .............................................................................................................................................. 97 66 Saudi Arabia ..................................................................................................................................... 98 67 Serbia ............................................................................................................................................... 99 68 Singapore ....................................................................................................................................... 100 69 Slovenia ......................................................................................................................................... 101 70 South Africa .................................................................................................................................... 102 71 Spain .............................................................................................................................................. 103 72 Sweden .......................................................................................................................................... 105 73 Switzerland ..................................................................................................................................... 106 74 Tanzania ........................................................................................................................................ 107 75 Turkey ............................................................................................................................................ 108 76 Uganda ........................................................................................................................................... 109 77 UK .................................................................................................................................................. 111 78 USA ................................................................................................................................................ 113 79 Zambia ........................................................................................................................................... 115

5 Multi-country pages

1 Arab Mashreq ................................................................................................................................. 116 2 ASEAN ........................................................................................................................................... 118 3 Asian Highway Standards .............................................................................................................. 119 4 Austroads ....................................................................................................................................... 120 5 SADC ............................................................................................................................................. 122 6 TAH ................................................................................................................................................ 123 7 TEM ................................................................................................................................................ 124

6 Special topicss

1 Cycling and bikes ........................................................................................................................... 126 2 Non-Motorised Transport ............................................................................................................... 127 3 Streets ............................................................................................................................................ 128


4 Country pages


1 Abu Dhabi Revised June 2016

Documents

A Document Publisher Year Language Ref. No.

� Public realm design manual

Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Council

2014 ? English 1972

� Roadway design manual version 2

Abu Dhabi department of municipal affairs

2014 English 2166

� Transportation impact study guidelines version 1.1

Abu Dhabi Department of Transport

2009 English 2275

� Trip generation and parking rates manual


2012 English 980

� Urban street design manual (version 1.1)


2013 ? English 1737

� Utility corridors design manual v. 1


2011 English 2279

� Walking and cycling master plan / part 1 network design


2014 English 1970

� Walking and cycling master plan / part 2 application of guidelines


2014 English 1983

� Guidelines for road design, construction, Abu Dhabi roadway design manual

Road Section, Abu Dhabi Municipality

1998 English 966

� Road geometric design manual (3rd ed)


2013 English 1370

Notes

Abu Dhabi is one of the Emirates of the UAE (United Arab Emirates).

The website which lists the guide to Abu Dhabi urban street infrastructure standards says “As indicated, the documents listed above will have an Emirate-wide application in future. For completeness and as an interim measure, until some of the above-mentioned documents have been adopted, certain documents will still apply during the transition period”.

It also looks like some of the quoted standards may cover the same area.

Abu Dhabi now has a range of very good road and urban design guidelines, which include a number of online tools such as the "Abu Dhabi Urban Street and Utility Design Tool".


Source Notes

The 2013 road geometric design manual was likely influenced by USA practice and manuals, as one of the two companies which prepared it was a USA consultant, and the greater part of the references refer to USA documents. However they do cover other countries as well, and the document review consultant was an Australian company. The urban street design manual has a list of references which also includes many from the USA, but the others come from a wide range of countries (including the Netherlands and Germany), so that the document could be regarded as "independent".

Links

● Abu Dhabi Department of Transport ● Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Council ● Abu Dhabi Urban Street and Utility Design Tool


2 Afghanistan Revised June 2016

Documents


� Engineering manual for road and bridge sector (6th edition)

Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development

2014 English 2071

� Rural roads manual Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development

2013 English 1597

Notes

In February 2013 ANSA, the Afghan National Standards Authority, issued a request for proposals regarding the preparation of new standards and regulations. These are to include urban development, and highway street codes. So far no other details available, nor on what earlier standards existed.The Internet has reference to some Interim Road and Highway Standards, but no further details available as yet.

Source Notes

Judging by the references, the Rural roads manual is influenced by reference works / guidelines from the USA and from India. The Engineering manual is influenced by documents from Indian authors.

Links

● Afghan National Standards Authority ● Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development


3 Albania Updated December 2014

Documents


� Albania road design and construction standards ARDACS / Albanian road design manal / ARDM 2 Geometric Design

MPWTT 2007 ? English 1155

Albania road maintenance manual (parts I to IV)

MPWTT 2007 ? English -/-

Notes

Around 2007 the company EPTISA prepared a new highway design manual for Albania. They explain

that this material as it is exclusive right of Ministry of Public Works, Transportation and

Telecommunications (Albania). The document was developed as part of an EU-funded project

managed by the European Commission delegation in Albania.

The Delegation of the European Union to Albania indicated that the Albanian Road Construction and

Design Specifications,documents include the following:

ARCS 1 - General and Preparatory Works

ARCS 2 - Earthworks

ARCS 3 - Road Construction

ARCS 4 - Drainage

ARCS 5 - Structures

ARCS 6 - Road Equipment

ARCS 7 - List of Works

ARCS 8 – Requirement for Materials

ARDM 1 Guidelines for use

ARDM 2 Geometric Design

ARDM 3 Pavement Design

ARDM 4 Drainage

ARDM 5-1 Bridges

ARDM 5-1 Review Report

ARDM 5-2 Tunnels

ARDM 6 Road signs and markings

ARDM 7 Environment

Source Notes

Links


4 Algeria Revised July 2016

Documents


� 40 - Normes Techniques d'Amenagement des Routes (~ technical standards for the management of roads)

Ministere des travaux publics 1977 French 1657

� Conception et mise en oeuvre des travaux de VRD (~ Design and implementation of roads and utility services)

cnerib 2005 French

Also of interest:

� Cours de Route I, Chapitre 6. : Caractéristiques Géométriques des routes (Road design course ch 6: geometric characteristics of roads)

TECHNOLOGIE-U.F.A.S 2013 French 2281

Notes

The main document for road design appears to be B40, although this was published as long ago as 1977. B40 is also used for major urban roads. The document for urban road design is the "Conception et mise en oeuvre des travaux de VRD", published by the Centre National d'Etudes et de Recherches Integrées du Bâtiment (cnerib) (~ National centre for integrated construction research and studies). Design offices in Algeria also use French standards such as ICTAAL, ICTAVRU and ARP.

There are other documents in the B series, such as B50 for traffic and economic studies.

Some aspects of road design in Algeria are also covered by the CCTP ( Controle Technique des Travaux Publics ~ Technical control of public works), which has publications on road rehabilitation and pavement design.

Also Engineer Adel Nehaoua of the Société d’études Techniques de Sétif, has published a series of documents on road design, of which document 2281 above is one part.

The Ministry of Public Works website refers to three types or groups of roads:

● National roads ● Provincial roads ● Municipal roads

A major national road project is the Algerian East-West Highway project, which will eventually cover 1216 km and cost US$ 11 billion (Wikipedia).

Source Notes


Links

● Ministry of Public Works ● CCTP - Controle Technique des Travaux Publics ● cnerib


5 American Samoa Revised June 2016

Documents


Notes

Wikipedia says that "American Samoa is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Samoa”. The country is very small, with a population of around 57,000.

Source Notes

It is likely that the country follows US practice on road design standards.

Links

●


6 Andorra Added July 2016

Documents


Notes

Wikipedia says that

"Andorra is a sovereign landlocked microstate in Southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. Created under a charter in A.D. 988, the present Principality was formed in A.D. 1278. It is known as a principality as it is a monarchy headed by two Co-Princes – the Spanish/Roman Catholic Bishop of Urgell and the President of France". The population is around 85,000.

Source Notes

It is possible that the country follows French practice on road design standards.

Links

● Andorra government website


7 Anguilla Added October 2015

Documents


Notes

Wikipedia says that : "Anguilla is a British overseas territory in the Caribbean. It is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin. The territory consists of the main island of Anguilla itself, together with a number of much smaller islands and cays with no permanent population. The total land area of the territory is 35 square miles with a population of approximately 13,500.”

Source Notes

It is likely that the country follows UK practice on road design standards.

Links

● Official government website


8 Antigua and Barbuda Added October 2015

Documents


Notes

Wikipedia says that "The politics of Antigua and Barbuda (is) a unitary, parliamentary, representative democratic monarchy, in which the Head of State is the Monarch who appoints the Governor General as vice-regal representative. Elizabeth II is the present Queen of Antigua and Barbuda, having served in that position since the islands' independence from the United Kingdom in 1981"

The country is very small, with a population of around 91,000. English is the national language and, like the UK, the country drives on the left. There are about 1200 km of roads, some two-thirds of which are not paved. Source Notes

No confirmed information but it is likely that the country follows UK practice / road design standards.

Links

● Official government website


9 Armenia Added October 2015

Documents


Also of interest:

Armenia’s transport outlook (transport sector master plan)

ADB 2011 English 2165

Notes

A 1995 World Bank report (Ref. 1975) said:

“The Armenian roads are classified into five categories defined on the basis of traffic volume

only. The design standards are based on those used by the former Soviet Union. The geometric

standards of the existing roads are generally adequate except in difficult mountainous terrain

where hairpin bends and other reduced standards are common. The road carriageway and

shoulder design width are often too wide for the present traffic needs”.

The ADB's 2011 report (Ref. 2165) on "Armenia's transport outlook - transport sector master plan"

recommended the introduction of international design standards, particularly for geometry and

pavement design".

Armenia was part of the former Soviet Union. Recent advice is that Armenia uses Gost (Russian

standards) with guidance from AASTHO and EU documents, and is also developing its own local

standards. Gost standards are revised from time to time.

Wikipedia say s that some 958 km roads in Armenia form part of the Asian Highway Network,so

these roads are probably subject to the AHN multi-country design standard. Some Armenia roads

may perhaps be subject to the TENs standard as well.

Source Notes

Links

● Ministry of transport and communications


10 Australia Updated June 2016

Documents


� ACT design standards for urban infrastructure, DS03 Road Design

ACT 2014 English 38

� Adelaide Design Manual Adelaide City Council 2016 English -/-

� Canberra Central Design Manual

ACT English -/-

� NSW bicycle guidelines RTA of NSW 2005 English 1607

� Planning and designing for pedestrians: guidelines

Main Roads Western Australia 2012 English 1973

� Road classifications, geometric designs and maintenance standards for low volume roads

ARRB 2001 English 355

� Road planning and design manual, 2nd edition (a total of 14 documents in 10/2015)

Queensland department of transport and main roads

2015 English 2147 - 2160

Streets for people Government of South Australia 2012 English 2291

� VicRoads Supplement to the AGRD, Part 2 - Design considerations

VicRoads 2012 English 1590

� VicRoads Supplement to the Austroads AGRD, Part 3 - Geometric design

VicRoads 2012 English 1589

Notes

In December 2014 I split from this page any notes on the multi-country "Austroads" standards.

The existence of Austroads and the AGRD documents does not prevent other organisations in Australia from producing their own standards, or modifications of the AGRD guidelines. For example


VicRoads (the road and traffic authority for the state of Victoria) has issued a number of documents which supplement the AGRD, as well as a number of documents on designing for cyclists. Another example is the "Road planning and design manual", from Queensland.

The Local Government and Municipal Knowledge Base (link) says that the Canberra Central Design Manual is a design manual published by the Department of Territory and Municipal Services in Canberra, and that it It covers the design of a range of assets including;

● Paving ● Signage ● Street Furniture ● Trees ● Lighting ● Public Art

In 2016 the citry of Adelaide opened a website for its new "Adelaide Design Manual", which is basically on design of public spaces and streets. As the website says:

"The Adelaide Design Manual and its related documents is the product of an extensive process of research and analysis that has considered a range of public realm guidance developed at both the national and state level, and addresses a wide range of issues regarding the design and management of public spaces in the City of Adelaide".

The resource documents available on the website are worth looking through. Chapter 2 for example includes definitions of up to 13 different street types.

Source Notes

.Australia generally follows the Austroads multi-country design standards.

Links

● Adelaide Design Manual ● Canberra design standards for urban infrastructure ● Queensland road planning and design manual


11 Austria Updated July2016

Documents


RVS 03.03.23 Freilandstrassen - Linienführung und Trassierung (~ alignment and route selection... for inter-urban roads)

FSV 2014 German -/-

03.03.31 Querschnittselemente Freilandstraßen; Verkehrs- und Lichtraum (“Cross-section Elements of Rural Roads; Envelopes of Clearance“)

FSV 2005 German -/-

RVS 03.03.81 Ländliche Straßen und Güterwege (~rural roads and freight routes)

FSV 2011 German -/-

RVS 03.04.12 Querschnittgestaltung von Innerortsstraßen (~design of urban road cross-sections)

FSV 2001 German -/-

Also of interest

RVS 03.02.12 Fußgängerverkehr (~designing for pedestrians)

FSV 2015 German

RVS 03.02.13 Radverkehr (~designing for bicycles)

FSV 2014 German

RVS 03.07.32 Entwurfsgrundlagen für Garagen (~design basics for garages)

FSV 2010 German -/-

03.02.10 Nicht motorisierter Verkehr (~facilities for non-motorised traffic)

FSV 2014 German

Notes

The organisation responsible for the production of highway design standards in Austria is the FSV - the Forschungsgesellschaft Straße - Schiene - Verkehr (Austrian Association for Research on Road - Rail - Transport). The Publications page of the FSV website lists all the relevant documents, together with date of issue and an indication as to whether they are still valid and whether they have been updated. The FSV documents list appear to group roads into three types

● Freilandstrassen (inter-urban roads) ● Ländliche Strassen (rural roads) ● Strassen im Ortsgebiet (urban roads)

Here, “Freilandstrassen” includes motorways. Different documents cover different aspects - such as alignment, cross-sections etc.


Source Notes

Links

● FSV home page


12 Bangladesh Updated July 2016

Documents


� Bangladesh Road Design Standards 2004

Planning Commission 2004 English 1465

� Geometric Design Standards for Roads & Highways Department (draft version 4)

RHD 2000 English 112

� Planning Guidelines for Rural Road Master Plan

LGED 2010 English 107

� Road Design Standards for Rural Roads

LGED / JICA 2005 English 2162

� Standard cross-sections for RHD roads

RHD 2014 English 687

Also of interesst

Improving rural transport infrastructure - experience from Bangladesh

GIZ (Germany) 2014 English

Notes

The Roads and Highways Department (RHD) is part of the Bangladesh Ministry of Communications. The RHD has a document on geometric design, the "Geometric Design Standards for RHD". The version presently available for download from the RHD website is draft version 4 dated October 2000.

The "Bangladesh road design standards 2004" is a document from the Bangladesh Planning Commission and is for "standard designs and costing for zila, upazila and union roads, bridges and culverts".

LGED is the Local Government Enginnering Department, and its website says that the "Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) is one of the largest public sector organizations in Bangladesh entrusted for planning and implementation of local level rural urban and small scale water resources infrastructure development programs".

In Bangladesh, people drive on the left side of the road, as in the UK.

Source Notes

The RHD document has five documents in its list of references, three of which are from the UK.

Links

● RHD home page ● LGED ● Bangladesh Planning Commission


13 Belgium Updated July2016

Documents


� Infrastructuuraanleg voor sociale woonprojecten (Infrastructure for social residential projects)

vmsw 2009 Dutch 1780

� Infrastructuuraanleg voor sociale woonprojecten (Infrastructure for social residential projects)

Vmsw 2009 Dutch 1780

� Pedestrians vademecum Brussels Capital Region 2012 Dutch 1781

� Richtlijnen m.b.t. verhardingsbreedtes op gewestwegen (Information regarding pavement widths on regional roads)

AWV 2012 Dutch 1775

Notes

It appears that there are no formal standards or regulations concerning road design in Belgium. Most often road authorities refer to guidelines from other countries (e.g.the Netherlands). For specific issues there exist circulars or guidelines that are developed by Belgian road authorities, but not all these guidelines are publicly available. Source Notes

.Links

● Belgian road and traffic agency ● Belgian road research centre


14 Bhutan Updated July 2016

Documents

A Document � Publisher Year Language Ref. No.

Road Survey and Design Manual Department of roads 2005

Road Design Manual Part-1 (Geometric Design of Rural Roads)

� Guidelines on Road Classification System and Delineation of Construction and Maintenance Responsibilities

Ministry of Works and Human Settlement

2009 English 846

Also of interest:

� Bhutan Road Bill 2012 Government of Bhutan

2012 English 869

� Bhutan transport vision 2040 - integrated strategic vision

ADB and others 2013 English 2120

Notes

The population is still mainly rural, although more people are moving to urban areas. As recently as 2007, 21% of the population lived more than four hours away from the nearest all-season road. A 2009 ADB publication (see below) referred to the Road Survey and Design Manual and the Road Design Manual Part-1 (Geometric Design of Rural Roads) but no further details known as yet. Earlier, in 2004, the Ministry of Works, Housing and Communications prepared a set of documents on District Road Works. Documents from both these sets include geometric design details and typical cross-sections. These documents are available from the Roads Industry Council website. Source Notes

-/-

Links

● Ministry of works and human settlement ● RSTA Road safety and transport authority


15 Bolivia Updated July 2016

Documents


Manual de carreteras, vol. 1 / Manual de diseno geometrico (highway manual vol. 1, manual on geometric design)

ABC 2007 Spanish 894

Also of interest

Guía Nacional 17 Normas Bolivianas “Accesibilidad de las Personas Con Discapacidad al Medio Físico" (~Bolivian National Standards Guide 17 "Accessibility to the physical environment for persons with disabilities to the physical environment")

Ministerio de Obras Públicas, Servicios y Vivienda

2015 Spanish

Manal de diseno de calles par las ciudades bolivianas (~Street design manual for Bolivian cities)

Aire limpio / Swisscontact

2015 Spanish --

Notes

Bolivia's Highway administration department (ABC - Administradora Boliviana de Carreteras) introduced a series of new documents on highway engineering around early 2008. ABC's website presently lists several documents, including:

● Volume I - manual on the geometric design of highways ● Volume II - manual on drainage and hydrology ● Volume III - manual of traffic control devices ● Volume IV - manual on the testing of soils and asphalt materials

Source Notes

Links

● ABC home page


16 Botswana Updated July 2016

Documents


� Botswana Road Design Manual volume 2: materials and pavement design

Ministry of Transport and Communications

2015 English

Notes

The Botswana Roads Department is currently updating the Botswana Road Design Manual. A “first final draft” is now available for volume 2 of the manual. The foreword to the document says:

This Materials and Pavement Design Manual is one of a series of design manuals issued by the Ministry of Transport and Communications. The Manual is part of the revised Botswana Road Design Manual (BRDM) and the Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Works (SSRBW) dated 1982.The five volumes of the revised BRDM are: ● Volume 1: Road Types and Geometric Design including Standard Survey Methods for

Roads and Bridges. ● Volume 2: Materials and Pavement Design.(this Manual) ● Volume 3: Hydrology and Road Drainage. ● Volume 4: Design of Bridges, Culverts and Other Types of Road Structures. ● Volume 5: Road Markings and Road Furniture

Source Notes.

The foreword to volume 2 also says:

This Manual is one of a series that is being developed under the Institutional Co-operation Agreement between the Roads Department and the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA).

Links

● Botswana Ministry of Transport and Communications


17 Brazil Updated July2016

Documents


� 700: Glossário de termos técnicos rodoviários (Glossary of technical terms)

DNIT 1997 Portuguese 2207

� 706: Manual de projeto geometrico de rodo vias rurales (manual on the geometric design of rural roads)

DNER 1999 Portuguese 1798

� 718: Manual de projeto de interseções (Intersections design manual)

DNER 2005 Portuguese 1662

� 740: Manual de projeto geométrico de travessias urbanas (Geometric design manual for urban crossings)


� 741: Manual De Projeto E Práticas Operacionais Para Segurança Nas Rodovias (manual on road design and operation for safety)


Also of interest

� Manual De Projetos E Programas Para Incentivar O Uso De Bicicletas Em Comunidades (manual of projects and programs aimed at encouraging use of bicycles in towns)

Embarq 2014 Portuguese 2131

Notes

Brazil is the 5th largest country in the world in terms of area and of population. It has a population of some 205 million persons. Departamento Nacional De Infraestrutura de Transportes (DNIT) is Brazil's National department for transport infrastructure. IPR (Instituto de Pesquisas Rodoviarias ( road research institute) is part of the DNIT. The DNIT seems to have only a manual on geometric design of rural roads (and for example, none for urban roads or motorways). DNIT document titles begin with an identification number. Many of the 26 states of Brazil issue their own documents on highway geometrics and design. For example the Department of Highways page of Minas Gerais for example lists documents in a series on "Manual of procedures for the development of studies and projects in the field of highway engineering" (plus several other documents). Source Notes

It seems the DNIT documents are based on old AASHTO standards.

Links

● DNIT ● DNIT publications page


18 Canada Added January 2016

Documents


� Geometric design guide for Canadian roads 1999

TAC 1999 English -/-

Alberta highway design guide update 1999

Alberta transportation

1999 English 1114

Also of interest:

Pedestrian and bicycle facility design guidance

Regional municipality of Peel

2015 (download)

English 2269

Complete Streets by Design - Toronto streets redesigned for all ages and abilities

TCAT 2012 English 2268

Notes

The Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) website says that TAC "is a not-for-profit, membership-based association that provides a neutral forum to exchange ideas and information on technical guidelines and best practices related to the Canadian transportation and roadways sectors". The website also says that "TAC does not set standards, but is THE source for roadway-related technical documents, best practices, and national guidelines that are referenced in many jurisdictions across the country". However the TAC documents can be seen as default national standards, in particular the "Geometric design guide for Canadian roads". The TAC documents do not prevent other local administrations from producing their own road design standards. Robinson and others, writing in 2010 (ref.2267) say:

"There is no national road authority in Canada. Instead, constitutional responsibility for all roads generally rests with the Provinces and we build a uniform consensus on geometric designpractices across our country through the Transportation Association of Canada (TAC), a not-for-profit organization that is funded by the Federal Government, Provincial and Territorial Governments, Municipal Governments, and the private sector. TAC – under the technical guidance of its Geometric Design Standing Committee – produces and publishes the Geometric Design Guide for Canadian Roads.

Three Canadian Provinces (Ontario, Quebec, and Alberta) also publish their own distinct geometric design guides which are generally based on the TAC GDG, and these often introduce additional detail, or variations on design practices that are appropriate totheir particular road environments". Other authorities produce their own documents - for example the regional municipality of Peel has produced its own (and interesting) "pedestrian and bicycle facility design guidance" (ref. 2269). TACs 1999 geometric design guide is somewhat out of date, and a new edition is being prepared, with an expected publication towards the end of 2016.

Source Notes


A recent TAC publication (ref.2270) says that:

"The concept of complete streets .... is rapidly gaining technical, political and public importance in Canadian communities, but to date it has received little attention at a national level. The purpose of this briefing is to report on the status of complete streets in provincial and municipal transportation agencies across Canada, and to accelerate the transfer of information and lessons learned from moreexperienced TAC members

And

".... complete streets are those that can be used safely and comfortably by all road users without regard to mode of travel, age, physical ability, or time of day; this concept is applicable to many types of streets and physical contexts. Importantly, the phrase “complete streets” is not applicable only to physical design solutions, and communities are increasingly using the idea as the basis for more inclusive, integrated, healthy and sustainable processes around street planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance".

The short document "Complete Streets by Design" (ref.2268) is a readable introduction to the topic.

References

2267 - Canada, "Country report: Canada - Pressures for Change: New Developments and Emerging Issues in Canadian Geometric Design", Robinson et al, 4th ISHGD; 2010

2270 - Canada, TAC briefing note "Complete streets - policy and practice in Canada; 2015

Links

● TA (Transportation Association of Canada)


19 Chile Updated July 2016

Documents


� Manual de carreteras (Highway manual ) 2016 edition - a total of 9 volumes and 8 complementary documents

Ministerio de Obras Publicas

2016 Spanish 2294 - 2302 and

2074 - 2081

� Manuale de vialidad urbana Ministrio de Vivienda y Urbanismo

2009 Spanish 1103

Also of interest:

� Vialidad ciclo - inclusiva (~ inclusive road design for bicycles)

Ministrio de Vivienda y Urbanismo

2015 Spanish

Notes

In July 2016 the Roads Department of Chile's Ministry of Public Works issued a new and updated set of documents related to highway construction and design. The 9 volumes are: Dated 1997: Volume 1 book II / Planificación, Evaluación y Desarrollo Vial TOMO II "Evaluación de Proyectos Viales Interurbanos"(road planning, evaluation and development: inter-urban roads) Dated 2016: Volume 2 - Procedimientos de Estudios Viales (procedures for road studies) Volume 3 - Instrucciones y Criterios de Diseño (instructions and criteria for design) Volume 4 - Planos de Obras Tipo (drawings) Volume 5 - Especificaciones Técnicas Generales de Construcción (general technical specifications for construction) Volume 6 - Seguridad Vial (road safety) Volume 7 - Mantenimiento Vial (road maintenance) Volume 8 - Especificaciones y Métodos de Muestreo, Ensaye y Control (specifications and methods for sampling, testing and control) Volume 9 - Estudios y Criterios Ambientales en Proyectos Viales (environmental studies and criteria for road projects)

In March 2015 the Roads Department issued supplementary notes to volumes 2 to 9 of the 2014 edition of these documents.

Source Notes

Manual de Carreteras Vol. 3 section 3.206.6 lists design standards from several countries which it says were used as references, including the USA, Germany and Switzerland. The text has several references to AASHTO publications

Links

● Ministry of Public Works

● Ministry of housing and urban development


20 China Added August 2016

Documents


� 公路工程技术标准 / highway engineering standard (JTGB01-2014)

Ministry of Transport

2014 Chinese --

� highway route design specification (JTG D20-2006)

Ministry of Transport

2006 Chinese --

Also of interest

� 城市道路工程设计规范 / Code for design of urban road engineering (CJJ 37-2012)

2012 Chinese --

� 无障碍设计规范 / Codes for accessibility design (GB50763-2012)

中华人民共和国住

房和城乡建设部 /

Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development

2012 Chinese --

� 城市步行和自行车交通系统

规划设计导则 / City walking and cycling traffic system, planning and design guidelines

住房城乡建设部 / Urban and rural housing construction unit

2013 Chinese --

� Urban design manual for NMT friendly neighbourhoods

World Bank 2013 English 2257

Notes In China, there are five classes of highways: arterials (expressways, grade-one and grade-two highways), collectors (grade-three highways) and locals (grade-four highways). The highway route design specification has chapters on: Chapter I: General Provisions Chapter II: Cross-sectional Chapter 3: Design elements Chapter 4: Highway Cross Chapter 5: structure and related ancillary facilities


Reference 2257 above focusses on China and includes a case study taken from Wuhan. Source Notes Links

● Ministry of Transport


21 Colombia Updated July2016

Documents


� Manual de Diseno Geometrico de Carreteras

Ministerio de Transporte,

Instituto nacional de

vias

2008 Spanish 900

Also of interest

� Manual para el diseño y construcción del Espacio Público de Bucaramanga (~Manual on the design and construction of public spacesfor the city of Bucaramanga)

Alcaldia de Bucaramanga

2016 (download)

Spanish 2311

� Normas y especificationes para el diseno de carreteras

Dipartimento di Antioquia

1986 Spanish -/-

Notes

A paper by John J. Posada, Carlos A. González and Viviana Farbiarz (ref. 783) gives some useful background on the development of road standards in Colombia. For example the authors say that

"Regulations of highway geometric design have existed in Colombia since early 1970. This were defined for the national territory by government agencies, first by the Ministry of Public Works (1970) and latter by the Ministry of Transportation (1998 and 2008).... The latest version was issued by the Ministry of Transportation in 2009 and is applicable starting March of the same year..... Additionally, local governments create standards that regulate roads within their jurisdiction".

Source Notes

The paper referred to above also says that: "A common feature between standards is the use of foreign resources. All of the Colombian standard issues have been supported by standards developed in other countries. This needs to be improved through the creation of research projects that resemble the characteristics of the region, considering several of the elements, such as: friction factors, design vehicles, topography, among others."

Links

● Ministerio de Transporte, Instituto nacional de vias ● National highways institute


22 Costa Rica Updated July 2016

Documents


� Manual de especificaciones generales para la construccion de carreteras, caminos y puentes / CR-2010 (Manual of general specifications for the construction of highways, roads and bridges)

MOPT 2010 Spanish 1874

� Guía para el análisis y diseño de seguridad vial de márgenes de carreteras (guideline on the road safety analysis and design of road margins)

COSEVI 2011 Spanish 2130

Notes

The best information is that Costa Rica, as with some other countries, does not have its own highway geometric design standards, but uses the multi-country standards developed by SICA. COSEVI is the Consejo de Seguridad Vial (Road Safety Council). The document above deals with construction rather than design. Source Notes.

Links

● Ministry of public works and transportation ● COSEVI


23 Croatia Added November 2015

Documents


� Design standards for rural and regional roads (approximate title)

Miniistry of maritime affairs, transport and communications

2001 English 2179

Notes

Croatia presently uses tandards based on German standards for road geometric design. Pavement

structure design is based on the Croatian JUS standard and AASHTO publications.

Further research

The Croatian Roads website has some documents on road construction, tunnels etc. The Ministry of

Maritime Affairs, Transport and Infrastructure also has some relevant documents on its "regulations"

page (documents on topics such as changes to road classification, safety requirements in tunnels).

The University of Zagreb has a department of transportation engineering which can be a source of

information on road design in Croatia.

Source Notes

Links

● Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Transport and Infrastructure


24 Cyprus Added March 2015

Documents


Geometric Design Standards for Inter-Urban and Rural Roads in Cyprus

Geometric Design Standards for Urban Roads in Cyprus

Also of interest

� Nicosia public transport enhancement programme - sustainable transport guidelines

Ministry of Communications and Works

2011 English 2039

� Streetscape manual Ministry of Communications and Works

2010 English 1791

Notes

Wikipedia says that "Cyprus is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Cyprus is the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean, and a member state of the European Union. MCW = Ministry of Works and Communications. The Nicosia sustainable transport guidelines draw heavily on UK publications, but also include reference to a New Zealand guidelne. Source Notes

Details of the geometric design standards were provided by the Public Works Department of the MCW. .Links


25 Czech Republic Revised July 2016

Documents


� ČSN 73 6101 Projektování silnic a dalnic (design of highways and motorways)

Czech Standards Institute

2004 Czech 2037

� ČSN 73 6102 ed.2 Projektování křižovatek na pozemních komunikacích (Design of intersections on highways, 2nd edition)


2012 Czech …

� ČSN 73 6110 Projektování místních komunikací (design of urban roads)

Czech standards institute

2006 Czech 1186

� ČSN 73 6110 amendment no. 1 Ministry for regional development

2010 Czech 1792

Also of interest:

� ČSN 73 6056 Odstavné a parkovací plochy silničních vozide (~parking areas for road vehicles)


2011 Czech

� ČSN 73 6058 Hromadné garáže. Základní ustanovení (~ Multi-storey and underground garages. Basic principless)


2011 Czech

Notes

The forward to the 2004 edition of ČSN 73 6101, commenting on changes to the previous standard, appears to say:

This standard regulates and complements the previous CSN intended to ensure conditions for enhancing road safety and allow the application of new technical knowledge in the design of roads and highways. Change in design categories including, in particular, single-lane roads, four-lane divided highway guardrail direction for suburban sections and six-lane highways and expressways.

The content and scope of articles on stretches of road transit villages, increasing the number of lanes, routes and spatial solutions drainage has been adjusted to reflect the current requirements. The average height of the driver's eye above the ground considered for the calculations outlook was changed from 1.2 m to 1.0 m.


Content standards spread of provisions for loading and through space and amenities roads and highways transport telematics.

A major change is the introduction of standard speed (in European countries known as the speed of 85 ) for the design and assessment of design elements that have a significant impact on driving safety in terms of the parameters of the road or highway. (Note: this speed is the operational speed – 85 % of drivers will use this speed or lower on the wet road without limiting by other traffic).

Another major change is a new look at the quality of traffic flows, its evaluation and use in your designs roads and highways.

The amendment of standard ČSN 73 6110 from 2010 contains changes due to a new law on parameters for disabled persons.

Source Notes

I believe Czech designers also refer to German standards

Links

● Ministry of regional development ● Ministry of transport ● Transport Research Centre (CDV)


26 Ecuador Updated September 2015

Documents


� NEVI 12 volume 2A: norma para estudios y disenos viales (standards for road studies and designs)

MTOP 2013 Spanish 1746

� NEVI 12 volume 2B: norma para estudios y disenos viales (standards for road studies and designs)

MTOP 2013 Spanish 1752

Also of interest

� La situación de la bicicleta en Ecuador: avances, retos y perspectivas (The situation of cycling in Ecuador : progress , challenges and prospects)

FES / ILDIS 2015 Spanish 2136

Notes

Ecuador's Ministry of Transport and Public Works (MTOP) recently published a new series of

documents on the design and construction of land transport facilities, NEVI-12 (NEVI is an

abbreviation of Norma Ecuatoriana Vial). The website lists 6 separate volumes and two

supplementary volumes. The two parts of volume 2 deal with road geometric design.

1. Procedures for road projects

2A Standards for road studies and designs

2B Standards for road studies and designs

3 General specifications for the construction of roads and bridges

4 Manual for environmental studies for land transport infrastructure works

5 Procedures for operation and road safety

6 Road maintenance

Supplementary 1 - Manual on economic evaluation of transport infrastructure projects

Supplementary 2 - Manual on quality control of the construction of transport infrastructure projects

Source Notes

.Links

● MTOP NEVI 12 web page


27 Estonia Updated July 2016

Documents


EVS 843: 2016 "Linnatänavad"( "City Streets")

EVS 2016

� RTL 2000, 23, 303 - Tee projekteerimise normid ja nõuded (~Road design standards and requirements)

EVS 2000 Estonian 1095

Notes

EVS is the Estonian centre for standardisation Source Notes

Links

● Estonian Road Administration ● Estonian Centre for Standardisation (EVS)


28 Ethiopia Updated September 2015

Documents


� Design manual for low volume roads part A (introduction to low volume road design)

Ethiopian roads authority

2002 English 1005

� Design manual for low volume roads part B (design standards for low volume roads)


2002 English 308

� Design manual for low volume roads part C (complementary interventions)


2002 English 1064

� Design manual for low volume roads part D (explanatory notes for low volume road design)


2002 English 1056