Topic: Reverse OsmosisGroup MembersMuhammad Bilal (CH-59)Asad Bashir (CH-44)Furqan Kausar (CH-22)Faizan Latif (CH-58)Saadatullah Khan (CH-50)Abdul Rehman (CH-53)Muhammad Abbas (CH-37)Hassan Masood (CH-47)Muhammad Munir (CH-56)

What Made us Select this Topic ??

Boiling. Filtration. Sedimentation. Distillation. Reverse Osmosis (RO).

Simple and effective method of purification.

Kills many waterborne bacteria through intense heating.

Filtration is separation of solids from fluids.

Oversize particles in the feed cannot pass through the lattice structure of the filter.

Incomplete separation.

Killing of harmful micro-organisms.

Drawback: Formation of harmful by-products.

Boiling

↓Condensation

↓ Pure Water

↓Contaminatesseparated assolid residue.

Even distillation does not completely purify water.

99.9% pure water can be obtained.

HISTORY OF REVERSE OSMOSIS

conversion of salty water into fresh water become the first priority.

In 1940

In 1959UCLA made significant breakthrough and became the first to observe reverse osmosis in a practical demonstration.

In 1960 First pilot plant of reverse osmosis was developed which was a huge success.

In 1748 The phenomenon was first observed by Jean Antoine Nollet.

Mechanism of Reverse Osmosis (R.O)

What is Osmosis?Semi-permeable membrane

Osmosis is a natural process involving the fluid flow across a semi-permeable membrane barrier.

What is Semi-permeable? Cell wall or a bladder like

structure. Thin layer in an egg is the

natural membrane Prevents many other

contaminants from passing by trapping them.

Before and after separation concentration of dissolved minerals are significantly different .

What is Reverse Osmosis? Reverse phenomenon of osmosis.

The driving force is applied pressure.

Range of required pressure 225-375 psi.

800 to 1,180 psi for sea water, requiring large amount of energy.

What’s so great about reverse osmosis?

“The best water around”

Reduces particles to a molecular level.

It significantly decreases the salts and other potential impurities.

Produces water that is best so far for you health.

REVERSEOSMOSIS

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

How does Reverse Osmosis Work?

1. Pretreatment.2. High pressure pumping.3. Membrane Separation.4. Remineralisation and pH adjustment.5. Disinfection.

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM:

Inside An R-O Membrane

Factors Affecting Performance Of R-O System Incoming water pressure Water temperature TDS in the tap water Type of membrane used

What Membrane Removes

Types Of Membrane

Comparative Analysis

Performances at a GlanceTechnique Economy Purification Time

ConsumptionMaintenance

Boiling High Cost Kills bacteria and other micro-orgs

Sometimes consume a lot of time

-

Filtration Cost Effective

Filter particles larger than pores only

Consume very less time

Regenerable

Sedimentation Economical Settle down particles and colloids only

Takes up to 12 hours

-

Distillation High Cost Removes broad range of contaminants

Time consuming

Excessive maintenance

Reverse Osmosis

Cost Effective

Remove all contaminants

Time consuming

Minimal maintenance

Performances at a Glance

Overall

References http://www.freedrinkingwater.com/water-education/

quality-water-filtration-method-page1.htm http://www.freedrinkingwater.com/water-education/

quality-water-filtration-method-page2.htm http://www.freedrinkingwater.com/water-education/

quality-water-filtration-method-page3.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis http://www.cyber-nook.com/water/Solutions.html

Applications of Reverse Osmosis:

APPLICATIONS OF R.O

Waste water treatmentPharmaceuticsMetal FinishingHydrogen productionPower GenerationSemi ConductorsDesalinationFood and Beverages