CHAPTER 23Last Trip Abroad,

(1896)

• Rizal’s four-year exile in Dapitan came to an end.

He left for Dapitan on board the steamer ‘’Espana’’ for Manila with delightful stopovers such as the following:

July 31, 1896

Dumaguete;Cebu; Ilo-ilo; Capiz and ;Romblon

August 26, 1896 Rizal arrived in Manila on.

He was transferred to another Spanish cruiser ‘’Castilla’’, where he stayed for almost a month, pending the availability of a vessel bound for Spain by the order of Ramon Blanco . He was treated not a prisoner, but a guest detained on board.

Rizal misses ship going to Spain regular steamer Isla de Luzon which sailed to Spain the day before he arrived in Manila Bay

Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan raised the cry of revolution in the hills of Balintawak a few miles north of Manila.

Rizal, worried about the raging hostilities, left for Spain on the steamer Isla de Panay.

It was his last trip abroad.September 3, 1896

CRY OF BALINTAWAK (PUGADLAWIN)August 26, 1896

FROM DAPITAN TO MANILA

Leaving Dapitan at midnight, July 31, 1896, the Spaña with Rizal and party on board, sailed northward.

At dawn the next day(Saturday, August 1) it anchored at Dumaguete, capital of

Negros Oriental,Dumaguete wrote Rizal his Travel diary

DUMAGUETE

Rizal visited a friend and former classmate, Herrero Regidor, who was the judge of the province.

In the afternoon he operated on a Spanish captain of the Guardia civil.

The España left Dumaguete about 1:00pm and reached Cebu the following morning.

Rizal was fascinated by the entrance to Cebu which he considered "beautiful".

He met an old couple whom he had known in Madrid.

He wrote in his diary, I did two operations of strabotomy, one operation on the ears, and another of tumor´.

CEBU

ILO-ILO In the morning of Monday

August 3, Rizal left Cebu going to Iloilo.

‘The voyage was fine. At the

right we saw Mactan an island famous for what happened to

Magellan. The whole afternoon was magnificent . . . We saw

many islands along our way . . . The next day, in the morning, we entered Iloilo´ . . .Rizal landed at Iloilo, went shopping in the city,

and visited Molo’

Of the Molo church he commented:‘ The church is pretty outside and the interior is not bad, considering that it

had been painted by a lad. The paintings are mostly copies of biblical

scenes by Gustave Dore’. From Iloilo, Rizal’s ship sailed to Capiz After a brief stopover, it proceeded

towards Manila via Romblon.

RIZAL MISSES SHIP GOING TO SPAIN (ESPAÑA) Arrived in Manila Bay early in August

6, 1896.Unfortunately, Rizal was not able to catch the

mail ship Isla de Luzon for Spain because it had departed the previous day at 5:00 p.m. . He was greatly disappointed, but he took this unlucky incidence with abiding resignation.

Governor Ramon Blanco

Isla de Panay at Port Said, 1898

Governor Ramon Blanco

Writing to Bluementritt later, Rizal mentioned this episode,

‘Unfortunately, I did not catch the mail ship for Spain, and fearing that my stay in Manila for month might bring me troubles I made known to the governor general, while remaining on the board the ship (España) of my wish to be isolated from everybody, except my family´.

Near midnight of the same day. August 6

Rizal was transferred to the Spanish cruiser Castilla by order of Governor General Ramon Blanco.

Rizal stayed on the cruiser for about a month,

from August 6 to September 2,1869, pending the availability of Spain-bound steamer.

OUTBREAK OF PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION• While Rizal was patiently waiting on the

cruiser Castilla for the next steamer to take him to Spain, portentous events occurred, presaging the downfall of Spanish power in Asia.

August 19, 1896 The Katipunan plot to overthrow Spanish rule by

means of revolution was discovered by Fray Mariano Gil Augustinian cura of Tondo.

August 26,1896 ‘Cry of Balintawak´ which was raised by

Bonifacio and his valiant Katipuneros in PugadLawin

This startling incident stuck terror into the hearts of the Spanish officials and residents, producing a hysteria of vindictive retaliation against the Filipino patriots

• Beginning of Revolution- • tearing of community tax certificates– to mark their separation from Spain.

CRY OF BALINTAWAK (PUGADLAWIN)

At sunrise, of August 30

• The revolution led by Bonifacio and Jacinto attacked San Juan near the city of Manila, but they were repulse with heavy losses.

In the afternoon, of August 30• Gov. Gen. Blanco proclaimed a state of war in

the first eight provinces for rising in arms against Spain- Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija and Tarlac.

[Ma, Bu, Ca, Ba, La, Pa, Nu, Ta]

HE WAS WORRIED FOR TWO REASONS :

(1) the violent revolution which he sincerely

believed to be premature and would cause only

much suffering and terrible loss of human

lives and properties had started and it would (2)

arouse Spanish vengeance against all Filipino

patriots.

August 30, 1896 • Departure of Rizal for Spain.

The day when the state of war was proclaimed in the eight provinces, Rizal received from Governor General Blanco two letters of the introduction for :

1. The Minister of War 2. The Minister of Colonies with a covering letter which absolved him from all blame for raging revolution

September 2, 1896• the day before his departure for Spain, He ,

on board the Castilla, wrote to his mother.

"As promised I am addressing you a few lines before leaving, to let you know about the condition of my

health.I am well thank God, I am only concerned as so what will happen or shall have happened to you in these

days of upheaval and disorder. …

Do not worry about anything; we are all in the hands of Divine Providence. Not all those who go to Cuba die,

and in the end one has to die; at least die doing something good. "

September 7 (Rizal in Singapore)• The Isla de Panay arrived at Singapore . The

following morning Rizal and other passengers went ashore for sightseeing and shopping for souvenirs.

Don Pedro with His son• disembarked at Singapore. He advised Rizal

to stay behind too and take advantage of the protection of the British law. Rizal did not heed his advice.

Don Manuel Camus and several Filipino residents of Singapore• urging him to stay in Singapore to save his

life. He also ignored the appeal because he had given his word of honor to Governor General Blanco and he did not like to break it.

RIZAL IN SINGAPORE

• Don Pedro/ Don Manuel Camus devised Rizal to stay and take advantage of the protection of the British Law

• Rizal had given his word of honor to Governor General Blanco.

VICTIM OF SPANISH DUPLICITY By refusing to break his

word of honor in Singapore, Rizal sealed his own doom.

For without his knowledge, Governor Blanco was secretly conspiring with the Ministers of War and the Colonies (ultramar) for his destruction

VICTIM OF SPANISH DUPLICITY

Great hero and genius that he was, Rizal proved to be as gullible as Sultan Zaide another victim of Spanish intrigue.

RIZAL ARRESTED BEFORE REACHING BARCELONA

September 8, 1:00 p.m.

• The Isla de Panay, with Rizal onboard, left Singapore, unaware of the Spanish duplicity particularly of Governor General Blanco's infernal deceit, he happily continued the voyage towards Barcelona.

September 25

• He saw the steamer Isla de Luzon, leaving the Suez Canal crammed with Spanish troops.

RIZAL ARRESTED BEFORE REACHING BARCELONA

• He realized that he was fooled by the Spanish officials. That made him to write a letter to his

best friend.

• He was officially notified by Captain Alemany that he should stay in his cabin until further orders from Manila. He graciously compiled with the captain's directive

September 30 (at 4:00 p.m.)

ARRIVAL IN BARCELONA AS A PRISONER

September 30 (6:25 p.m.

• The steamer anchored at Malta. Rizal confined to his cabin and was not able to visit the famous island-fortress of the Christian crusaders.

October 3, at 10:00 o'clock in the morning

• The Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona, with Rizal a prisoner on board. The trip from Manila to Barcelona lasted exactly 30 days.

ARRIVAL IN BARCELONA AS A PRISONER

• He was kept under heavy guard in his cabin for three days. His jailor was no longer the ship captain but the Military Commander of Barcelona, who happened to be.

General Eulogio Despujol

ARRIVAL IN BARCELONA AS A PRISONER

The same one who ordered his banishment to Dapitan in July, 1892. It was one of those coincidences in the lives of men that make "history stranger than fiction.“ On his second day in Barcelona, Rizal, although held incommunicado in his cabin, noticed the city celebration of the feast of St, Francis of Assisi.

ARRIVAL IN BARCELONA AS A PRISONER

On October 6 (3:00 a.m.)

• Rizal was awakened by the guards and escorted to the grim and infamous prison-fortress named Monjuich.

• He spent the whole morning in a cell.

2:00 in the afternoon

• He was taken out of prison by the guards and brought to the headquarters of General Despujol.

ARRIVAL IN BARCELONA AS A PRISONER

• In the interview, which lasted a quarter of an hour, the brusque general told Rizal that he would be shipped back to Manila on board the transport ship Colon which was leaving that evening. After the Interview, Rizal was taken abroad the Colon which was "full of soldiers and officers and their families."

October 6 (8:00 p.m.)

• The ship left Barcelona, with Rizal on board S.S. Colon

ARRIVAL IN BARCELONA AS A PRISONER

FORT SANTIAGO RIZAL'S CELL