River Valley Civilizations

River Valley Civilizations

Which practice is closely associated with most ancient river valley civilizations? (1) recording events in cave paintings

(2) using irrigation systems

(3) developing democratic traditions

(4) spreading monotheistic religious customs

(Aug 14 Q3)

Historically, the Huang He has also been known as the “River of Sorrows” because (1) frozen ports have made trade difficult

(2) cataracts have made transportation impossible

(3) floods have destroyed crops and villages

(4) burials have taken place at the sacred waters

(June 14 Q6)

Which geographic feature did the earliest civilizations in Egypt, India, and China have in common?

(1) mountains that provided protection from invasion

(2) rivers that increased the fertility of the land by flooding

(3) vast forests that supplied lumber for building

(4) tropical climates that included monsoons

(Aug 12 Q3)

Greek City-States

The creation of independent city-states in ancient Greece can be most directly attributed to the (1) diverse ethnic groups in the region

(2) large number of different languages

(3) rugged mountainous terrain

(4) practice of oligarchy

(Jan 15 Q4)

What was one of the most important contributions of the Greek city-state of Athens?

(1) development of direct democracy

(2) diffusion of a monotheistic belief system

(3) promotion of the equality of all humans

(4) creation of a writing system using hieroglyphics

(Jan 14 Q4)

Which geographic factor contributed to the formation of independent city-states in ancient Greece?

(1) tropical rainforests (2) fertile farmland

(3) navigable rivers (4) mountainous topography

(Aug 13 Q4)

Bantu Migration

Which statement about the Bantu migration is an opinion rather than a fact?

(1) The migration occurred gradually over a long period of time.

(2) Language and knowledge spread from northwestern to southern and eastern Africa.

(3) The lack of primary documents makes it difficult to determine the exact cause of the migration.

(4) Bantu civilization was superior to those civilizations that it displaced.

(June 14 Q5)

Between 500 B.C. and A.D. 1500, the migration of the Bantu people of Africa led to the diffusion of

(1) languages and metallurgical skills

(2) porcelain and cannons

(3) camels and Islam

(4) cuneiform and galley ships

(June 13 Q4)

The Bantu migrations in Africa (500 B.C. – A.D. 1500) had the greatest impact on the development of modern African

(1) languages

(2) market systems

(3) transportation systems

(4) architecture

(Jan 13 Q4)

Five Pillars of Islam

Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca demonstrates that he practiced

(1) animism (3) Islam

(2) Sikhism (4) Buddhism

(Aug 14 Q14)

Which belief system requires fasting during Ramadan, praying five times daily, and making a pilgrimage to Mecca?

(1) Judaism (3) Islam

(2) Christianity (4) Hinduism

(Jan 12 Q6)

The Ten Commandments, the Eightfold Path, and the Five Pillars of Faith each serve to

(1) provide followers with a guide for living

(2) establish systems of justice

(3) establish distinctions between social classes

(4) provide regulations for government workers

(June 13 Q6)

Gupta Empire

In India, for which achievement is the Gupta Golden Age best known?

(1) adoption of the printing press

(2) invention of the iron foot stirrup

(3) use of gunpowder

(4) development of the concept of zero

(Jan 15 Q8)

The Golden Age of India’s Gupta Empire is known for its

(1) development of gunpowder

(2) sea trade routes to Europe

(3) acceptance of Christianity as an official religion

(4) advancements in mathematics and medicine

(June 14 Q9)

The development of the concept of zero, the use of a decimal system, and the Buddhist cave paintings at Ajanta are all achievements of the

(1) Inca Empire

(2) Gupta Empire

(3) Roman Republic

(4) Kingdom of Songhai.

(Aug 09 Q9)

Byzantine Empire

The strategic location of the Byzantine Empire allowed control of the key trade routes between the

(1) South China Sea and the Strait of Malacca

(2) Caspian Sea and the Indian Ocean

(3) North Sea and the English Channel

(4) Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea

(Aug 13 Q7)

The introduction of the Cyrillic alphabet and Orthodox Christianity to Russia is most closely associated with

(1) Viking conquests

(2) Byzantine missionaries

(3) Alexander the Great’s armies

(4) Ottoman expansion

(June 13 Q8)

Which region had the greatest influence on the historical and cultural development of the Byzantine Empire?

(1) Mesoamerica (3) Rome

(2) India (4) Egypt

(Aug 12 Q11)

Magna Carta 

The writing of the Magna Carta was a reaction to the

(1) economic restrictions under imperialism

(2) abuse of power by monarchs

(3) missionary work of clergy

(4) threats of revolution from colonial governors

(Jan 15 Q21)

One similarity between the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights is that both documents

(1) set up a two-party political system

(2) placed limits on the power of the monarch

(3) established the right to inherit the throne

(4) guaranteed equal rights for all citizens

(Aug 12 Q19)

What was a major effect of the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights on Great Britain?

(1) The power of the monarch was limited.

(2) Ireland revolted against the monarchy.

(3) Parliament was abolished.

(4) A renewed interest in Greek and Roman culture developed.

(Aug 11 Q23)

Renaissance

Which term is defined as a Renaissance movement characterized by independent thought and a renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman

culture?

(1) multiculturalism (3) nationalism

(2) humanism (4) monasticism

(Jan 15 Q14)

A key feature of European Renaissance culture was

(1) an outlook emphasizing classicism, secularism, and individualism

(2) a reliance on the Pope and his knights to maintain political stability

(3) a shift in production from the domestic system to the factory system

(4) a way of thinking stressing humility and Christian faith.

(June 14 Q13)

In The Prince, Niccolò Machiavelli was most concerned with

(1) the use of political power

(2) the expansion of church authority

(3) government regulation of the economy

(4) equality and justice for all

(Jan 13 Q14)

Commercial Revolution

During the rise of capitalism in Europe, merchants and bankers began to establish (1) systems based on bartering

(2) rules that forbid loans to the wealthy

(3) quotas to control production

(4) insurance companies and joint stock companies

(Aug 14 Q14)

Development and expansion of banking, insurance companies, and stock exchanges were essential to the system of

(1) feudalism (3) capitalism

(2) tribute (4) bartering

(June 14 Q12)

The development of banking during the Commercial Revolution in western Europe was significant because it

(1) provided capital resources to merchants for investment

(2) allowed peasant farmers to finance the construction of new homes

(3) enabled the proletariat to challenge the bourgeoisie

(4) created pensions for retired workers

(Jan 14 Q10)

Age of Exploration

Which situation came first?

(1) Spain introduced the encomienda system.

(2) Portugal claimed Brazil.

(3) Spain and Portugal competed for colonies in the Americas.

(4) Columbus arrived in the Caribbean region.

(Aug 14 Q16)

Why is Ferdinand Magellan’s voyage considered a turning point in world history? (1) Portugal’s claims to southern Africa were established.

(2) His ship was the first to land in the Americas.

(3) One of his ships was the first to circumnavigate Earth.

(4) Britain’s control of the seas ended.

(June 14 Q19)

Which technological development enabled European navigators to determine their location during the Age of Exploration?

(1) lateen sail (3) cross bow

(2) astrolabe (4) caravel

(Jan 14 Q15)

Martin Luther

One major effect of the Protestant Reformation on Western Europe was the

(1) decline in religious unity

(2) increased power of the Catholic pope

(3) reduction in religious wars

(4) increase in the sale of indulgences by the Catholic Church

(Jan15 Q15)

Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII all played a key role in the

(1) attempts made to reclaim the Holy Land

(2) fall of the Ottoman Empire

(3) end of religious unity in Europe

(4) establishment of parliamentary democracy in Britain

(June 14 Q14)

One way in which Martin Luther’s Ninety-five Theses and Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy are similar is that both

(1) emphasize the importance of the Bible

(2) caused the Thirty Years War

(3) challenge the authority of the Catholic Church

(4) helped to unify Christendom

(June 13 Q12)

Scientific Revolution

• Copernicus’ heliocentric model of the universe

• Newton’s law of gravitation

• Descartes’ belief in truth through reason

This set of ideas from the Scientific Revolution gave Europeans a new way to

(1) view humankind’s place in the universe

(2) support the core beliefs of the church

(3) authenticate historical facts

(4) verify civil liberties

(Jan 15 Q23)

One way in which the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment are similar is that both

(1) led to increased power for royal families in Europe

(2) sought to reconcile Christian beliefs and science

(3) questioned traditional values and past practices

(4) promoted nationalistic revolutions in eastern Europe

(Aug 14 Q20)

New scientific knowledge and understandings that developed during the Scientific Revolution were most often based on

(1) observation and experimentation

(2) church law and faith

(3) superstition and ancient practices

(4) geometric formulas and astrology

(June 14 Q23)

Ottoman Empire

Which statement best describes an effect of the westward expansion of the Ottoman Empire under Suleiman the Magnificent?

(1) Wealthy citizens adopted Russian dress.

(2) Islam became a major religion in the Balkans.

(3) Trade was disrupted throughout the Indian Ocean.

(4) Janissaries were stripped of their military power.

(Jan 15 Q16)

Which geographic region made up much of the Ottoman Empire?

(1) Scandinavia (2) Iberian Peninsula

(3) Indian Subcontinent (4) eastern Mediterranean Basin

(Aug 14 Q13)

What was a major cause for the shift in European trade from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean during the late 1400s?

(1) Ottoman Turks seized control of Constantinople.

(2) The Ming dynasty authorized Zheng He to make long-distance voyages.

(3) The Tokugawa shogunate adopted an isolationist policy.

(4) Christian crusaders captured Jerusalem

(June 14 Q17)

Mercantilism

The term mercantilism is best described as

(1) an economic policy in which a colonial power controls trade

(2) an international policy of laissez-faire economics

(3) a network linking industrialized nations

(4) an exchange of land between nobles

(Aug 14 Q17)

In the 17th and 18th centuries, the primary goal of mercantilism as practiced by European countries was to

(1) glorify the power and aggressiveness of the military

(2) create laws which guaranteed individual freedoms

(3) teach the natives Christianity and offer them protection in exchange for labor (4) increase their supply of gold and silver through a favorable balance of trade

(June 14 Q20)

Europeans considered mercantilism a successful policy because it

(1) encouraged self-sufficiency in less developed nations

(2) led to alliances with Asian countries

(3) protected traditional social practices

(4) created wealth for the colonial powers

(Aug 12 Q18)

Absolute Monarch

Louis XIV strengthened the power of the monarchy in France by

(1) centralizing control

(2) granting democratic reforms

(3) practicing religious toleration

(4) reducing the size of the bureaucracy

(Jan 15 Q22)

Historians frequently portray Louis XIV’s construction of the palace of Versailles and Peter the Great’s building of the city of Saint Petersburg as

(1) shrines to religious beliefs

(2) monuments to personal rule

(3) examples of colonial architectural influences

(4) efforts to isolate and protect the ruler

(Aug 14 Q19)

One way in which Peter the Great, Louis XIV, and Philip II are similar is that each

(1) supported missionary efforts of the Roman Catholic Church

(2) sought to centralize power by limiting the power of the nobility

(3) fought to block the establishment of British colonies in the Western Hemisphere

(4) challenged feudal practices by emancipating serfs

(Jun 14 Q22)

Laissez-faire

Adam Smith’s laissez-faire theories are most closely associated with

(1) the separation of church and state

(2) minimal government regulation of the economy

(3) a command economy

(4) high tariffs to protect domestic businesses

(Jan 15 Q29)

Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations stressed the importance of

(1) tradition (2) supply and demand

(3) large corporations (4) government ownership

(Aug 14 Q22)

Laissez-faire practices are most closely associated with a

(1) traditional economy (2) market economy

(3) command economy (4) mixed economy

(June 14 Q28)

Industrial Revolution

Which social change occurred during the Industrial Revolution?

(1) growth of the working class

(2) development of the extended family

(3) expansion of privileges for the landed nobility

(4) increased status for religious leaders

(Aug 14 Q23)

Which geographic feature most aided England during the Industrial Revolution? (1) desert climate (2) natural harbors

(3) mountainous terrain (4) monsoon winds

(Jan 14 Q23)

What was one reason the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain?

(1) The government of Great Britain implemented a series of five-year plans.

(2) Great Britain had alliances with most European countries.

(3) Abundant natural resources were available in Great Britain.

(4) The practice of serfdom in Great Britain provided an abundance of laborers.

(Jan 15 Q28)

Karl Marx/Marxism

During the 1800s, the writings of Marx, Engels, and Dickens focused attention on the problems faced by

(1) factory owners (3) farm laborers

(2) investment bankers (4) industrial workers

(Aug 13 Q25)

A key idea in the Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels is that workers should support the

(1) overthrow of the capitalist system

(2) establishment of labor unions

(3) legislative regulation of wages and working conditions

(4) technological changes in production methods

(Aug 12 Q26)

What is a major belief associated with Marxism?

(1) The proletariat would rise up and overthrow the bourgeoisie.

(2) Religion should be more important than political forces.

(3) Private ownership of property should be expanded.

(4) Peasants would gain control of overseas markets.

(Jan 12 Q26)

Berlin Conference

The Berlin Conference is most closely associated with the colonialization of

(1) South Asia (3) Latin America

(2) East Asia (4) Africa

(Jan 15 Q30)

One major reason European countries engaged in imperialism in the late 19th century was to

(1) gain a better understanding of unknown territories

(2) ease tensions with their rivals

(3) develop treatments for diseases

(4) obtain markets for their manufactured goods

(Jan 14 Q25)

Which area of the world was most directly affected by the decisions made at the Berlin Conference?

(1) Africa (3) India

(2) China (4) South America

(Aug 13 Q27)

Stalin

Which goal did Joseph Stalin establish for the Soviet Union?

(1) becoming an industrial power

(2) creating a golden age of culture

(3) instituting a parliamentary monarchy

(4) easing tensions using détente

(Jan 15 Q35)

Which statement about the Soviet economy under Joseph Stalin is accurate?

(1) The Soviet Union increased its power by developing heavy industry.

(2) The government reduced its role in planning industrial production.

(3) Farmers were encouraged to compete in a free market economy.

(4) A large selection of consumer goods became available in the Soviet Union.

(June 14 Q34)

Forced famine in Ukraine (1932–1933) was a direct result of

(1) Czar Nicholas’s involvement in World War I

(2) Vladmir Lenin’s New Economic Policy

(3) Joseph Stalin’s collectivization

(4) Nikita Khrushchev’s removal from power

(Jan 14 Q49)

NATO

Since 1999, what has been the primary role of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in world affairs?

(1) conducting war crimes trials

(2) protecting Western Europe from Soviet aggression

(3) lowering tariffs between member nations

(4) carrying out crisis management and peace enforcement tasks

(Jan 14 Q40)

The Truman Doctrine and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) were United States responses to the

(1) threat of the Nazis in the 1930s

(2) fear of economic depression after World War I

(3) concern about the partition of India in 1947

(4) communist threat after World War II

(Aug 13 Q50)

In the post–World War II time period, the purpose of both the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact was to

(1) discourage religious toleration

(2) establish a military alliance

(3) promote economic self-sufficiency

(4) eliminate political corruption

(Jan 12 Q35)

Ho Chi Minh

Ho Chi Minh and Jomo Kenyatta were leaders of movements that were attempting to achieve

(1) nuclear disarmament

(2) self-determination

(3) pan-Africanism

(4) collective security

(Aug 14 Q32)

One way in which Miguel Hidalgo, Ho Chi Minh, and Jomo Kenyatta are similar is that they all were

(1) leaders of independence movements

(2) communist dictators

(3) enlightened despots

(4) advocates of liberation theology

(June 13 Q47)

One way in which Toussaint L’Ouverture, Kwame Nkrumah, and Ho Chi Minh are similar is that each leader

(1) opposed the role of the Roman Catholic Church in politics

(2) established the first democratic government in his country

(3) fought to free his country from European control

(4) embraced the principles of civil disobedience

(Jan 13 Q50)

Mao

The difficult, year-long journey made by Mao Zedong and his Communist followers in 1934 through China’s mountains, marshes, and rivers was called the

(1) Cultural Revolution

(2) Great Leap Forward

(3) Boxer Rebellion

(4) Long March

(June 14 Q32)

The Long March is significant in Chinese history because it

(1) ended Japanese occupation of China

(2) reinforced the concept of the Mandate of Heaven

(3) caused the Boxer Rebellion

(4) established Mao Zedong as a revolutionary leader

(Aug 13 Q33)

Which Chinese leader is most closely associated with leading the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution?

(1) Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen)

(2) Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)

(3) Mao Zedong

(4) Deng Xiaoping

(Jan 13 Q36)

OPEC

The main reason oil-producing states formed the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was to

(1) promote foreign ownership of oil fields

(2) lift economic sanctions and establish free trade

(3) improve trade relations with the West

(4) influence the price of oil and set production levels

(June 14 Q39)

Which geographic region has the greatest number of members in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)?

(1) South America

(2) sub-Saharan Africa

(3) Southeast Asia

(4) Middle East

(Jan 14 Q33)

The main reason that oil-producing states formed the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was to

(1) allow foreign ownership in oil fields

(2) influence the price of oil and set production levels

(3) improve diplomatic relations with the West

(4) lift economic sanctions and establish free trade

(Aug 13 Q35)

EU, NAFTA, WTO

One function of both the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the European Union (EU) is to

(1) oppose economic integration

(2) promote immigration

(3) reduce economic barriers

(4) eliminate unemployment

(Jan 15 Q39)

The creation of the European Union (EU) and of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) were efforts to

(1) attain economic benefits through regional organization

(2) achieve world peace through military alliances

(3) reduce resource depletion through economic planning

(4) address environmental problems through coordinated research

(Jan 14 Q38)

The creation of the European Union (EU) and of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was intended to

(1) benefit member nations through the reduction of tariffs

(2) implement sustainable energy policies

(3) institute a system of impartial courts

(4) establish stronger regional military alliances

(June 13 Q37)