Risk Management of Pipeline Systems

PRESENTED BY:

Daryl Foley P.L.(Eng)

President and Founder

Risk

Will It Happen? Event Tree

• Stop From Happening (Barriers) » Prevent/Remove Water

» Inhibit (Dry and Wet)

» Inspect More Frequent

» Overdesign

How Bad Will it be? Fault Tree

• Reduce Impact (Find/Respond)

» Improve Leak Detection

» Frequent Isolation (Sectionalizing Valves)

» Rapid Response

Probability

Incident

Risk Considerations

• What do I have ?

• Where is it ?

• What are it’s conditions ?

• Is this a threat ?

• What could happen ?

• What is the probability ?

• What should I do about it ?

• Is what I did effective ?

• What should I do to make it better ?

• Did it make it better ?

• Am I comfortable with control ?

• How often should I re-evaluate ?

Management Systems

• KPI’s

• Management Commitment

• Processes

• Defined Responsibility

• NCR/CA

• MOC

• RCA

• Technical Specifications

Operator Maturity

Maturity 2

No Risk Management

Program

Maturity 3

Basic Risk Spreadsheet

Maturity 4

Records Complete Advanced Processes, Procedures,

Organizational Alignment

Integrated Risk Assessment

Process

Internal Training

Maturity 5

Comprehensive Records, Advanced

Processes, Organizational

Alignment

Always Improving!!

Sophisticated Risk Modelling, Always

Improving

Internal/External Training

Poor Inventory

Have Good Inventory

Some Processes and Procedures

OMS/SLMS

Consequence To Public

Dictates Maturity Expectation

Risk Management Cycle

Sample and Test: Determine Characteristics

Calculate/Inspect: Confirm Threat (Theory Or Visually)

Mitigate: Implement Control Of Threat

Monitor: Look For Indications That Control Is Effective

Inspect: Verify Through Inspection

Where Do You Spend Your

Time?

How Often Should You Look?

Damage Types

• Internal Corrosion

• External Corrosion/Interference (AC Inter/Foreign

Line)

• Manufacturing Or Installation Defect

• Third Party Strike

• Operator Error

Internal Corrosion

• Gas Systems – Dehydration Upsets

» (No Water, No Corrosion)

• Water Holdup (Topography, Traps)

• Bacteria Contribution

Mitigation

• Dehydration

• Pigging (Water Removal)

• Inhibitor- Vapour Phase Inhibitors (pH Modifiers)

• Inhibitor - Film Formers

• Inhibitor - Batch

• Biocide

Mitigation Effectiveness

Don’t take credit in your risk tool for mitigation that isn’t verified!

Residual risk should provoke an action, the action should verify or reduce the risk.

Is Mitigation Happening?

Field Checks, Documents

Is It Working?

Residuals, Bacteria Counts, Water

Is It For Sure Working?

Inspect !!

Monitoring/Sampling

• Flow

• Dewpoint

• Chemical Injection Rates

• Right of Ways

• Leak Detection

• Coupons/Probes

• Chemistry

• Bacteria Counts

• Chemical Residuals

• Water

• Water Chem (pH, Fe/Mn)

• Solids

External Corrosion

CAUSE

• Poor Coating

• Inadequate Cathodic Protection

• Interference (AC/DC ie. Foreign Line)

• Material Hard Spots (SCC)

HOW TO MANAGE

• Risk Models Using Age, Coating, and History

(Shielding Is Hard To Find )

• Cathodic Protection (Criteria are given in Section 6 of

NACE SP0169 and Annex B of CGA OCC-1.)

• Consider Stress Corrosion Cracking (CEPA)

• Management By ILI is Best Approach

Manufacturing and Construction

• Hard Spots (Cracking)

• Laminations

• Improper Weld (ERW/DSAW)

• Dents, Gouges, Wrinkles

Third Party Strike

• Call Before You Dig

• Signage

• Community Awareness and Education

• Inspections

Inspection/Testing

• Dig Sites and UT/Visual

• In-line Inspection

» Magnetic Flux

» UT (High Resolution & Ultra High Resolution)

» EMAT (Electro-Magnetic Acoustic Transducer)

» Caliper

» Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)

• Pressure Tests (feasible in dry gas?)

In Line Inspection - Key Factors

• Establish A Specification For The Vendor To

Meet

• Probability Of Detection (POD)

• Probability Of Identification (POI)

• Detection Resolution (Pit Size, Grooving)

• Cost Of Digging

• Data Management And Comparison

• Establish A Specification To Be Met By Vendors

Comparison Between Inspections

• Matching Corrosion Sites

» Cluster Matching (Not As Accurate)

» Box Matching (Best For Different Vendors)

» Signal Matching (Not Good For Different Vendors)

• Growth Rate Errors (Bias and Repeatability)

» Use The Same Technology Between Runs

» Use The Same Vendor If Possible

» Calibrate ILI Signal For Different Magnetization

Levels

Assessment Considerations

• Failure Pressure Ratio (FPR)

» Predicted burst pressure/100% SMYS

• Assessment methods

» RSTRENG (Modified ASME B31G)

» ASME B31G

» DNV RP-F101

» Shell 92

» BS 7910

Resources and References

• API 1163, “In-Line Inspection Systems Qualification”

• Pipeline Operators Forum -Specifications and Requirements for

In-line Inspection Companies

• Certified Technicians(ANSI/ASNT-ILI-PQ-2005)

• CEPA –Metal Loss Inline Inspection Tool Validation

• CEPA-Recommended Practice for Managing Near Neutral pH

SCC

• Assessing Repeat ILI Data Using Signal to Signal Comparison

Techniques Jane Dawson; Geoffrey Hurd Baker Hughes

Thank You

PRESENTED BY:

Daryl Foley