RISK ASSESSMENTANDMONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS

CORAZON VIDADPhilippines

I. PURPOSE FOR ATTENDING THIS COURSE

• Learn about risk assessment technology for environmental contaminants and their impact;

• Learn the principles and techniques for monitoring of environmental chemicals detected from environmental resources and agricultural products;

• Gain analytical techniques and skills in instrument and immunoassay methods.

II. What you have studied mainly on environmental science and technology in this course?

Collection of samples

• Soil• River water• Soil gas• Particulate matter

Sample preparation procedures• Extraction • Filtration • Column chromatography • Evaporation • Homogenization• Solid phase extraction • Liquid-liquid extraction• Centrifugation

Analysis of Samples

SOIL

SEDIMENT

Residue analysis of herbicides

Measurement of ATP Content

GC/MS–Ion trap type

Luminometer

Rapid analysis of soil Colorimetric

Heavy Metal – Cu, Zn, Cd

Atomic absorptionICP

Polychlorinated biphenyls GC-ECD

WATER• Tap• River• Pond• Agricultural• Treated • Domestic

Wastewater

pHECDOCODPO4-P

NO3

NO3NO2ClSO4

Pack Test

RQ Flex

Ion Chromatograph

WATERAnalysis of surfactants (LAS) HPLC

ELISA Kit

Heavy metals – Cd, Pb, As

Boron

Atomic Absorption

UV-VIS Spectrophotometer

Pack TestToxic substances – Phenol Free cyanide Ammonium

Potassium Permanganate Consumption

Total hardness Titration

Chemical Oxygen Demand

Recovery of 5 pesticides GC/MS

Volatile organic compounds

GC/MS Head SpaceMethod

WATER

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals17B Estradiol

Bisphenol A

Alachlor

ELISA

ELISA Kit

ELISA Kit HPLC

VEGETABLES• Komatuna• Spinach• Paprika• Corn • Cucumber• Okra • Beans• Paprika

NO3 concentration RQ Flex

Recovery test Of 5 pesticides

GC/MSMulti-residue Analysis of 229 pesticides

GC/MS

LC/MS

AIR

PLASTIC TOY

Soil pore air VOC Detection tube (screening)GC/MS Or GC-Photo Ionization Detector

Particulate Matter

Measurement of PM10

Low Volume Sampler

Chemical Oxygen DemandPotassium Permanganate Consumption

III. WHICH SUBJECT MOST USEFUL TO SOLVE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN YOUR COUNTRY?

Recycling Oriented SocietyMaterial

CirculationReduce

Consumption

Reduce environmental

burden

Solid Waste Management in Japan

INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM

Waste Management

Law

Law for Promotion & Effective Utilization

of Resources

Set up of processing facility

Effective utilization of facilities

Strict regulation/stiffer penalties

Clear definition of roles

Subsides and financial assistance

Containers and packages

Home appliances

Construction materials

Food wastes

End of life vehicles

Use of available technologies

Society capable of Sustainable growth

Creating harmony With economy and nature

DEVELOPMENT THAT MEETS THE NEEDS OF THE PRESENT W/O COMPROMISING THE ABILITY OF

FUTURE GENERATION TO MEET THEIR OWN NEEDS

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2002

National Solid Waste Management Commission

Provincial Solid Waste Management Board

City/Municipal Waste Management Board

National Ecology Center

CALABARZON REGION Total land area 1,622,861 hectaresTotal number of municipalities 142Total number of cities 10Population (2001) 10,782,607

2001 2004 2006

Open Dumps Controlled Dump Sanitary Landfill

88 open dumps 27 proposed sites 3 sites with EnvironmentalCompliance Certificate

IV. ACTION PLAN

• Make a feed back report to Regional Director, and submit report to National Economic Development Authority

• Expand and improve the monitoring of drinking water quality

ACTION PLAN

Make proposal Philippine National Standards on Drinking Water Revision Committee to:

Widen the scope of monitoring to include the standards for total trihalomethane, VOCs, surface active agents, and disinfectant by-products

ACTION PLAN

• To identify critical areas where activities are potential sources of contamination of groundwater, through coordination with Environment Department;

• Prioritization of identified sites based on the nature/type of industry, proximity to waste dumping sites, presence of groundwater source and number of households using the water facility;

ACTION PLAN

• In areas identified to be high risk for contamination, to evaluate other parameters not listed in the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water that may have endocrine effects

• Preparation of drinking water quality monitoring plan by province.

ACTION PLAN

• Proposed upgrading/improvement of existing government water laboratories.

• Inventory of water laboratory instruments

and training needs assessment of laboratory personnel;

• To prepare budgetary requirements, and make necessary requests, solicit donations from private entities and non-government organizations,

ACTION PLAN

• Capability building of laboratory personnel, to use ELISA technique and other methods required based on the availability of instruments. Preparation of training modules and conduct of practical trainings will be done through coordination with DOH – East Avenue Memorial Medical Center National Reference Laboratory.

ACTION PLAN

• Establish networking with other agencies through Regional Inter-Agency Committee on Environmental Health in the analysis of samples requiring sensitive analytical instruments, e.g. for pesticides: Department of Agriculture - Pesticides Analytical Laboratory, metal ions, VOCs: DENR/EMB.

ACTION PLAN

• To recommend to the Regional Health Director, provincial governors/ provincial health officers to subject all private water laboratories analyzing bottled water and product water from water refilling stations to undergo external proficiency tests. Proficiency test will be conducted by DOH National Reference Laboratory or any reputable private analytical laboratory recommended by DOH Central Office.

ACTION PLAN

• To purchase basic instruments and glassware, reagents and supplies necessary to implement the agreed monitoring plans

• In the absence of highly sensitive analytical instruments such as GC/MS, HPLC, to make use of simplified water inspection products for screening tests on Al, As, B, Ca, chloride, residual chlorine, free cyanide, Cr6+, Cu, F, Fe, formaldehyde, , Mg, Mn, NO3, NO2, pH, phenol, total hardness, Zn,

ACTION PLAN

• To recommend the use of enzyme linked immunoassay kits in evaluating compounds which have endocrine effect such as estrogen, compounds which are used as raw materials for surfactants (bisphenol A, LAS), organochlorine compounds with thermal properties (PCBs) and other agricultural chemicals with known toxicities (Alachlor, Atrazine).