risk-999
TRANSCRIPT
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RISK MANAGEMENT &
INSURANCE
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RISK MANAGEMENT &
INSURANCE
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RISK- DEFINITION
Risk is defined as the chance of havinga loss due to occurrence of an event
The risk is always associated with theloss aspects since the word itself hasthe association of DANGER OF LOSS
The definition can be PROBABAILITY OFTHE OCCURRENCE OF AN EVENT RESULTINGIN LOSS/ GAIN
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RISK AND MANAGEMENT
RISK- CHANCE OF AN EVENT HAPPENINGRESULTING IN LOSS/ GAIN
TO APPRECIATE THE NEED FOR LOSSPREVENTION AND IMPLEMENT MEASURES
TO ACHIEVE THE SAMETHE EFFORTS ARE AIMED TO PREVENT ALOSS HAPPENING BUT ALSO TO MAKE ITMANAGEABLE IF IT HAPPENS
THIS ASPECT IS TO BE ACHIEVED IN ALLACTIVITES OF THE ORGANISATION BE INPRODUCTION, STORAGE, HANDLING,TRANSPORTATION AND DISTRIBUTION
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EFFECTS OF RISK
Risky situations are to be faced by those who aredeploying their Capital & RESOURCES in any VENTURE( is it an ADENTURE?)
Adventure means venturing into some area which mayhave serious effects on the well being of the resources
All Industries / Business do face such situations every
day in their activitiesHence risk may bring in loss in case of an accident /untoward happening but can bring in profits in thingsgo in the way these are expected to happen
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Risk Management- MacroProvision of adequate infrastructure,trained personnel and capability tomitigate huge losses due to disasters
natural & man made will be the main areafor macro analysis by the Government
Natural disasters result in hugedevastation and loss of human lives
Bhopal tragedy had put India in Guinnessbook of world records as one of the bigtragedies of the world
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Risk Management-MacroPollution is now causing the maximum concern & affectsthe health of citizens and young population- Solid, water,air
We need to improve the public hygiene awareness and
the way in which we are soft targets for epidemics dueto pollution
Past earthquakes in Maharastra & Gujarat had shownhow ill prepared we are
Every year the country is ravaged by floods in manyparts and drought in some parts- interconnection ofrivers remains a distant dream- water may become oneof the major sources of trouble in this country
Infrastructure is looked into only after development and
government is then unable to acquire the land required
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RISKS A BUSINESS FACES
ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS-LEGAL,SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL RISKS
CHANGES IN BUSINESS, SPECULATIVERISKS,TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES
PURE RISKS
FUNDAMENTAL RISKS
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STEPS IN MANAGEMENT
PLAN
ORGANISE
DELEGATEMOTIVATE
TRAINING
CONTROLCOURSE CORRECTIONS
ACHIEVE THE GOALS
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Details A.Loss /dge to property
Fire & explosion
Storm, cyclone, hurricane,
flood/inundation
SRCC
Accidental damages
Breakdown losses
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Financial losses
Business Interruption
Loss of profit
Continuing fixed costs
Cost of alternate accomodation
Increased cost of working
Increase in cost of replacement of assetsfollowing loss/damage/destruction
Under insurance/absence of insurance
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Liabilities
to general public
to users due to defective products
to employees as employer
as tenants
other legal liabilities
due to their acts-Directors/ Officers
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Human resources
Fatal or non-fatal injuries
Loss of key/ trained employees
Loss of earnings due to disablement
Hospitalization and medical expenses
Travel ( inland and overseas)
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EFFECTS OF SPECULATIVERISKSORGANISATION FACES
SPECULATIVERISKS
LOSS OF REVENUEDUE TO LOSS
OF MARKET SHARE
LOSS OF CUSTOMERS/SUPPLIERS
INCREASED FIXEDCHARGES/ LOSSES
LOSS OF KEYEXPERIENCEDEMPLOYEES
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Risk Management- Definition
Risk Management is defined as thesystematic way of ensuring protectionof business resources and incomeagainst losses so that the aim , goalsand vision of the company can bereached.
Thus Risk Management creates stabilityand contributes to growth and assuresprofitability of the Organisation.
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AIM OF RISK MANAGEMENT
TO SUCCESSFULLY ACHIEVE THEOBJECTIVES OF THE ORGANISATION
ACHIEVE THE COMPANYS MISSIONACHIEVE THE SHORT TERM AND LONGTERM GOALS OF THE ORGANISATION
SATISFACTION OF CUSTOMERS,MANAGEMENT, EMPLOYEES ANDSHARE HOLDERS & GOVERNMENT
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RISK MANAGEMENT
This is of very recent origin ( less than threedecades old)
This is now being considered as a managerial
topic and as aspect in which the topmanagement should get involved to reduceany adverse effects on the balance sheets.
RM can be described as the scientific way of
dealing with or handling the risks.This is done by Risk Analysis, Risk Control,Risk Transfer, Risk financing and rollingreview
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ICEBERG OF LOSSES
INSURED LOSSES
UNINSURED LOSSES
UNINSURED LOSSES
LOSS OF GOODWILL
LOSS OF MARKET
LOSS OF CUSTOMERS
LOSS OF SHAREHOLDER VALUE
LOSS OF KEY EMPLOYEES
LOSS OF COSTS INCURRED
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THE R M IMPERATIVES
RISK NEEDS PERCEPTION
RISK ANALYSIS
RISK ASSESSMENTRISK MINIMISATION/CONTROL
RISK IMPROVEMENT
SHARE INDUSTRY EXPERIENCESHARE INFO ON CHANGES - BOTHCURRENT & PROSPECTIVE
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THE R M BEST PRACTICES ?
INVOLVE ALL PLAYERS
EDUCATE, CONTINUOUSLY
INVOLVE CORE & NON-CORE
INVOLVE FINANCIAL PERSONNEL
INVOLVE SAFETY PERSONNEL
INVOLVE FIRE SERVICE PERSONNEL
INVOLVE BUSINESS PARTNERSINTERACT, CONSTANTLY -PROACTIVELY
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THE RISK MANAGERS DOS
ALWAYS ADDRESS CHANGE & CONTENTMANAGEMENTAT ALL TOUCH POINTSREGULATORY/INSURER/INSURED/INTERMEDIARY/SURVEYOR
ADDRESS DELAY POST-HASTE
COMMUNICATE CONTINUOUSLY
GET REALNOEXAGGERATIONS/BLUFFING
GET YOURSELF PROFESSSIONALLYRESPECTEDCONTINUOUS EDUCTION
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THE RISK SPECTRUM
ENIRONMENTAL RISKS
STATUTORY RISKS
LEGAL RISKSTECHNOLOGICAL RISKS
HUMAN ELEMENT
PRODUCTION/ FINANCIAL/MARKETINGMARKET RISKS
TIME FACTOR
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THE RISK SPECTRUM
PROJECT RISKS
STORAGE RISKS
ERECTION & MAINTENANCE RISKS
OPERATIONAL RISKS
STORAGE RISKS
TRANSPORTATION RISKS
OUTSOURCING RISKS
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ADVANTAGES OF RM
To achieve the objectives of the Organisation
To ensure that the goals short term and long term
are achieved without any disruption or delayTo optimise the utilisation of the resources
To have knowledgeable insurance arrangementsand have considered decisions on insurances not
to be availed
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CLASSIFICATION OF RISKS
SPECULATIVE RISKS & PURE RISKS
DYNAMIC RISKS & STATIC RISKS
FUNDAMENTAL RISKS
PARTICULAR RISKS
CLASSIFICATION OF
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CLASSIFICATION OFRISKS
SPECULATIVERISKS
Operation of thisleads to profit /lossLeads to speculationlike investment ofcapital in a newventure
Operation is desired
PURE RISKS
These do not changewith the risk
The operation of theseperils does bring inloss/damage to
property/assets/ liabilityNot desired
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Classification of RisksDynamic risks
Changes with thechange in fashion,buying behaviour,
trends, technology etcIt denotes dynamicnature of the customerbehaviour and the
products they like toown or use
If an organization is notprepared then it may go
out of existence
Static risksLike pure risks theserisks remain static anddo not change due to
other reasons like that ofdynamic risks
The operation of theserisks always bring about
lossesOperation is not desired
May result in partial ortotal cessation of
activities
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CLASSIFICATION OF RISKS
PARTICULAR RISKS
Risks which relate to
one or few firms,factories ororganisations only
Losses are suffered
by one or few moremembers of thesociety
FUNDAMENTAL
RISKS
Relates to the society at
large
Losses are suffered bylarge section of thesociety/nation(s)
Losses may be due tonatural catastrophes,riots, epidemics etc
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Risk Management processThe steps in Risk Management process are:
1. Risk analysis- Risk identification &
Risk evaluation
(Risk measurement)
(Risk quantification)2. Risk control - Risk avoidance
(Risk minimization)
3. Risk transfer- Insurance withProfessional
Insurance companies
4.Risk financing- Risk retention
5. Rolling review
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Causes of lossesPerils- such as fire, explosion etcHuman factors- such as negligence, carelessness,inadequate training, inadequate supervision, lackof proper systems and controls
Inadequate maintenance ( predictive/ routine/annual maintenance)
Failure of Plant/ machinery due to breakdowns
(failure of safety devices)Natural perils such as flood, cyclone, earthquake,landslide, rockslide & subsidence
Extraneous: Accidents involving Gas or chemical
in nearby units
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HAZARD
Hazard is defined as conditions existing which
are favourable for the loss becoming severeCLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARD
Physical hazard-Originating hazards
Contributory hazardsTertiary hazards
Moral hazards -relating to the moral behavoiurof the clients
Morale hazard -Relating to the morale & workingconditions of the employees & employer-employee relationships
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RISK ANALYSIS
Needs to be done by a person who isconversant in the identification andmeasurement
The severity of the risk depends on twofactorsextent and frequency ( probability)-ranges from 0-1
There are various methods to analyze theextent of loss
The frequency is to be analyzed based on theanalysis of data ( loss events and thefrequency ) using statistical methods
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RISK ANALYSIS- METHOD
LIST ALL POSSIBLE RISKS
INVESTIGATE BY
STUDY
INQUIRY
DOCUMENT REVIEW
PHYSICAL INSPECTION
ANALYSE EACH RISK
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RISK CONTROL
PRESERVE CONTINUITY OF OPERATIONUNDER SAFE OPERATING CONDITIONS
PROPER PLANNINGLAYOUT OFBUILDINGS/PLANT/MACHINERY
BUILD IN SAFETY TO AVOID LOSSES TOPERILS SUCH AS FIRE, EXPLOSION NATURAL
OR HUMAN NEGLIGENCE CAUSING SERIOUSLOSSES
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RISK ANALYSIS
Property losses- losses which can happen to theAssets
Pecuniary losses- Financial Loss which can be
caused by business interruption due to the loss tothe assets, financial loss due to infidel acts ofemployees, storekeepers and other employees
Liability losses- Loss to the Third Party property or
third party personnel ( also known as TPPD andTPBI) due to activities of the Organisation
Personal injuries- accidents resulting in fatal or
non-fatal injuries to the employees
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RISK EVALUATION
Methods available are
Study of Organisational charts/ balancesheets, accounting records
Process flow diagrams, P & I diagrams
Input- output analysis- contribution fromvarious sections, inter-dependencies
Study of completed checklistsThreat analysis- Denial of access, Loss ofservices
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EVALUATION METHODS
INPUTOUTPUT ANALYSIS TO TRACETHE FLOW OF GOODS AND SERVICES
TO IDENTIFY THE CONTRIBUTION OFPARTS OF ORGANISATION TO THETOTAL EARNINGS AND TO ANALYSEEXPOSURES
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SAFETY AUDITS
THOROUGH KNOWLEDGE
TEAM OF EXPERIENCED OFFICIALS
WALK IN AUDIT
EXAMINATION OF THE STANDARDSHOUSEKEEPING SECURITY, TRAINING
AND PREPAREDNESS OFEMPLOYEES,MEANS OF ESCAPE
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RISK EVALUATION-CONTD.
Event analysis- Effects of a lossproducing event
Hazard Logic Tree- Risk and effectsHazard Operability studies- more of ,less of, none of, part of,
Fault tree analysis- Explosion,Safety audits- Physical inspection
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RISK HANDLING METHODS
ADOPTION OF LOSS CONTROL MEASURES
Loss control measures involve the nature ofthe devices utilized and the human factor
For any system to be effective the employeesconcerned need to be properly trained andknowledgeable.
The Management need to ensure that thesystems employed are in good working orderthe employees are regularly trained.
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RISK MINIMIZATION-RISK CONTROL
If risk can not be eliminated then it is necessary tominimize the extent of loss/damage/liability byemploying loss control measures
Utilizing fire fighting measures like detectors/
hydrants/sprinklersUsing CCTVs/ watch & ward to ensure adequatesecurity
Employees need to be well trained for fire fighting
operationsEmploying proper checking /screening systems/regular and its inventory controls
Checking the antecedents of persons employed
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EFFECT OF LOSSES
Huge losses will upset the functioning of thePower Station
Besides the interruption losses, the loss of
goodwill, investigation by Government andother agencies will be tedious
The direct impact of any incident is in themonetary loss and in restarting of the
affected unit.Employees morale gets affected
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CORPORATE RISK MANAGER
The Corporate risk manager is essentially thecoordinator . He has to analyze the various activitiesand find out the risks involved and analyze which areto be controlled, avoided and which are to be insured.
Once the plans are finalized and adopted by theManagement , the Insurance dept ensures that theinsurance policies are obtained and maintained duringthe annual period
Periodical reviews need to be done to ensure that therisks are analyzed and necessary modifications aredone to suit the organization's policies.
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CONTINEGENCY PLANNING
IDENTIFICATION OF ALTERNATE SOURCES
IDENTIFICATION OF KEY AREAS
PLANNING FOR COMEBACK IN SHORTESTPOSSIBLE TIME
BACKUPS OR DUPLICATE RECORDS OF VITALINFORMATION TO BE MAINTAINED IN
ALTERNATE SAFE LOCATIONS
INCIDENT /ACCIDENT
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INCIDENT /ACCIDENTINVESTIGATION
ALL INCIDENTS WHETHER THESE RESULT INAN ACCIDENT OR NOT NEED TO BEREPORTED AND ANALYSED TO AVOID A
FURUTE LOSS OR RECURRENCE.
ALL LOSSES NEED TO BE STUDIEDWHETHER SMALL OR MEDIUM OR BIG WITH
A VIEW TO LEARN THE CAUSES AND TOENSURE THAT PREVE
CONTRIBUTIONS OF RM TO
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CONTRIBUTIONS OF RM TOTHE BUSINESS
Achievement of objectives/ goalsReduced anxiety due to losses are of reasonablemagnitude and does not cause serious loss situations
Goodwill is maintained by meeting the obligations
The business is able to survive competition
Successful and continued operations
Resultant growth and sustained earnings
Better care for employees and society at large
Reduction of expenses
Better relationships between customers, suppliers,
employees
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THANK YOU