Rise of Industrial AmericaEssential question: What were the results of early 19th century industrialization in America?1The Transportation Revolution By 1832, nearly 2,400 miles of road connected most major citiesErie Canal, 1820s, begun in 1817 and completed in1825

2The canal systems extended shipping and connected cities.

Principle canals by 1840

3The iron horse wins! (1830)1830, 13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio (B&O) RR.By 1850, 9,000 miles of RR trackBy 1860, 31,000 miles of RR track

4The Railroad Revolution The work of building the first railroads was accomplished with human muscle and dogged endurance. This construction train from the 1850s illustrates the laborious process of moving earth by hand and the fairly crude state of antebellum railroading

Immigrant labor built the Northern railroadsSlave labor built much of the Southern railroads5The Northern Industrial juggernautUnstoppable force

6Causes and Effects of IndustrializationCategorize each of the following 20 terms either a cause or an effect of American Industrialization,

Unrestricted immigrationGrowing populationNew inventionsEducation for the massesHigh tariff discovery of large deposits of raw materials in the WestLarge-scale cotton production in the SouthHigher standard of livingMonopoliesGrowth of citiesStable banking systemNew industrial products and servicesAmerican leadership of the developed nationsGovernmental aid to RRDevelopment of new sources of powerForeign investments in American factoriesNeed to protect rights of consumers/workersWidespread use of the corporation as a form of business organizationLengthening of canals and waterwaysMass production techniques

How does the cause and effect chart illustrate the following generalizations?Specialization increases interdependence.Regions become interconnected and interdependent through communication of ideas and sharing of resources.Industrialization brought both positive and negative changes.Mass production society is closely related to mass consumption.Government incentives promote industrialization.

Business Growth through combinationMerger:Two or more corporations become one. Assets are combined with the surviving corportation.

9Pools: competitors agree to limit their operations and share markets outputs or profits. Such agreements are illegal. Total marketTrustscompany and shareholders assign title to their shares to a trustee organization which can vote these shares. Trustees can elect directors to company board and gain control of these companies. Not considered illegal unless restraint of trade is shown. Holding company A corporation that owns the majority of stock or securities of one or more corporations for purposes of control rather than as an investment. An organization that controls all or part of a series of operations within an industry, from processing raw materials to retailing the finished products.Vertical Trusts

coal minestransportationBlast furnaces and rolling millsshippingore minesexecutive and sales officesDistribution of wealthDuring the American Revolution, 45% of all wealth in the top 10% of the population.1845 Boston top 4% owned over 65% of the wealth.1860 Philadelphia top 1% owned over 50% of the wealth.The gap between rich and poor was widening!

Whats happening in America by 1850s?Regional specialization