rise of authoritarian regimes fascist japan. 日本国 nihon-koku
TRANSCRIPT
Rise of Authoritarian Regimes
Fascist Japan
日本国Nihon-koku
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XS3b9s56184
The Emperor
Japan
• Small Country
• Not enough farmland especially (for rice production)
• No Raw materials such as iron and coal
• Rapidly industrialising nation
• Looked to the West for trade and ideas
• Went to war with Chin in 1894 and Russia in 1904
WWI
• Japan went to war in August 1914
• Took the side of the Allies
• Took part in the Treaty of Versailles
• Benefited from treaty by keeping captured German possessions
• Was not treated as an equal by Western powers
Washington Naval Conference
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
44.5
5
WARSHIPS
USA
BRITAIN
JAPAN
FRANCE
ITALY
Japanese Economy
Zaibatsu• Big firms favoured by the government• Controlled the economy• Conducted trade with the west• Japan exported cheap goods to the West• Had to import raw materials from the West• Major cause of corruption in the government
Zaibatsu
• The Big Four
• Mitsubishi (三菱財閥 )
• Mitsui (三井財閥 )
• Sumitomo (住友財閥 )
• Yasuda (安田財閥 )
Great Depression
Protectionism
Silk
2/3 of population from rural areas
Many farmers joined the army or patriotic societies
International Relations
• Suspicion of the West
• Disarmament
• USA
• China
Rise of Nationalism
• Showa restoration
• Patriotic societies
• Popularity of the Military (Army / Navy)
• Political assasinations
Activity
• The date is 3rd July 1932. Write a diary entry from the perspective of either a Japanese:
• Farmer
• Factory worker
• Soldier
Fascism
• First used by Italian dictator Benito Mussolini
• Fascism revolved around the nation
• Fascist argued that Democracy was inefficient
• What was needed was a powerful leader
• The nation’s goal was to grow strong and expand
Why did Democracy fail?
• Diet’s limited power• Corruption (remember the Zaibatsus..?)• Failure to solve economic problems
(farmers, factory workers, trade imbalance, Great Depression)
What led to the Rise of Fascism?
• External Reasons• - Animosity with the West (especially America)• - Resurgence in Chinese nationalism
• Internal Reasons• - Showa Restoration (values, patriotism,
education, loyalty, self-sacrifice)• - Patriotic Societies• - Army and Navy’s influence over the
government• - Military takeover of Japan
WAR IN THE ASIA PACIFIC
In the 1930s Japan started building an empire. It needed land to feed its people and fuel its industries.
In 1931, Japan took over Manchuria in Northern China. It tried to take over the rest of China in 1937. Fighting extended for the next few years. To continue fighthing, Japan would need more resources…resources that could be found in Southeast Asia. However, to take over Asia, Japan would have to challenge the USA which had a fleet in the Pacific…
Why was peace in the Asia Pacific threatened?
• Japan’s Foreign Policy - To build an empire - To free Asia from the West - Land - Resources
• Japan’s Military Agression - Manchuria - The Mukden Incident - The Marco Polo Bridge incident
• Weakness of the League of Nations
Why Did War Break Out In the Asia Pacific?
• War in China dragged on for years
• Japan’s neutrality with the USSR
• War in Europe
• Worsening relations with the USA
Pearl Habour