riimpo318d conduct civil construction skid steer loader operations · 2017-10-19 · conduct civil...

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Reference Material

RIIMPO318D Conduct Civil Construction Skid Steer Loader Operations

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January, 2014 — J/N 8276-9G — © www.pertrain.com.au Page ii

Conduct Civil Construction Skid Steer Loader Operations

COnduCt CiviL COnStruCtiOn Skid Steer LOader OPeratiOnS

ContentsGlossary of Terms and Acronyms .............................................................................................................. viii

1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1

2. Operator Obligations ........................................................................................................................... 2

2.1 Comply with Legislation and Site Procedures ....................................................................... 2

2.1.1 Environmental Legislation ........................................................................................ 4

2.1.2 Cultural Heritage Legislation .................................................................................... 4

2.2 Meet Quality Requirements ................................................................................................... 5

2.3 Safety Obligations ................................................................................................................. 5

2.3.1 Fit For Work.............................................................................................................. 6

3. Civil Construction Sequences ............................................................................................................. 6

3.1 Geological Information ........................................................................................................... 7

3.2 Basic Principles of Soil Technology ....................................................................................... 7

3.2.1 Visual and Feel Moisture Test .................................................................................. 8

3.2.2 Compaction and Swell ............................................................................................. 9

3.3 Levelling .............................................................................................................................. 10

3.4 Survey Information .............................................................................................................. 10

3.4.1 Plans, Drawings and Maps .....................................................................................11

3.5 Earthworks and Load Calculations ...................................................................................... 14

3.5.1 Step 1: Calculate the Area ..................................................................................... 14

3.5.2 Step 2: Calculate the Volume ................................................................................. 15

3.5.3 Step 3: Calculate Load Quantities .......................................................................... 15

3.6 Road Construction Principles .............................................................................................. 16

4. Plan and Prepare for Operations ...................................................................................................... 16

4.1 AttendWorkBriefings .......................................................................................................... 16

4.1.1 Job Requirements ................................................................................................. 17

4.1.2 Site and Task Procedures ...................................................................................... 17

4.2 Interpret Information and Plan Work ................................................................................... 17

4.3 Conduct Site Safety Inspections .......................................................................................... 18

4.4 Exclusion Zone .................................................................................................................... 18

5. Work with Others ............................................................................................................................... 19

5.1 Communication .................................................................................................................... 19

5.1.1 Verbal Communication ........................................................................................... 20

5.1.2 Written Communication .......................................................................................... 21

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5.1.3 Signals ................................................................................................................... 21

5.2 Making Decisions ................................................................................................................ 25

5.2.1 Decision Making Process ....................................................................................... 25

5.3 Directing Operations ............................................................................................................ 25

6. Safety ................................................................................................................................................ 26

6.1 Safety and Health Management System ............................................................................. 26

6.2 Safe Work Method Statements ............................................................................................ 26

6.3 Permit to Work Systems ...................................................................................................... 27

6.4 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ................................................................................. 27

6.5 First Aid ................................................................................................................................ 28

6.6 Evacuation Procedures ....................................................................................................... 29

6.7 Manual Handling .................................................................................................................. 29

6.7.1 Team Lifting ............................................................................................................ 30

6.8 Vehicle Safety ...................................................................................................................... 30

6.8.1 Mounting and Dismounting .................................................................................... 30

6.8.2 Housekeeping ........................................................................................................ 31

6.8.3 Seatbelts ................................................................................................................ 31

6.9 GeneralTrafficRules ........................................................................................................... 31

6.10 TrafficManagement ............................................................................................................. 32

7. Hazards ............................................................................................................................................. 33

7.1 HazardIdentification ............................................................................................................ 34

7.1.1 Job Safety Analysis ................................................................................................ 34

7.1.2 Hazard Report ........................................................................................................ 35

7.1.3 Types of Hazards ................................................................................................... 35

7.2 Explosives ........................................................................................................................... 36

7.3 Noise ................................................................................................................................... 36

7.4 Dust and Fumes .................................................................................................................. 37

7.5 Contamination ..................................................................................................................... 37

7.6 Hazardous Chemicals ......................................................................................................... 38

7.6.1 Classes of Hazardous Chemicals .......................................................................... 38

7.6.2 Spillage .................................................................................................................. 39

7.7 Activities with High Risk Potential ........................................................................................ 39

7.8 Electrical Conductors ........................................................................................................... 40

7.9 Underground Services ......................................................................................................... 41

7.9.1 Location of Underground Services ......................................................................... 42

7.9.2 Underground Service Markers ............................................................................... 43

7.10 Working in Trenches and Excavations ................................................................................ 43

7.11 Hazard Control Options ....................................................................................................... 44

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8. Select and Evaluate Equipment for the Job ...................................................................................... 44

8.1 Perform Equipment Checks and Inspections ...................................................................... 45

9. Equipment Isolation and Tagging ...................................................................................................... 46

9.1 Isolation ............................................................................................................................... 46

9.1.1 Electrical Isolation .................................................................................................. 47

9.1.2 Mechanical Isolation ............................................................................................... 47

9.2 General Isolation Procedure ................................................................................................ 48

9.3 Tagging ................................................................................................................................ 48

9.3.1 Personal Danger Tags and Locks .......................................................................... 49

9.3.2 Out of Service Tags ................................................................................................ 49

9.3.3 Information Tags ..................................................................................................... 49

10. Maintenance ...................................................................................................................................... 50

10.1 Preventative Maintenance ................................................................................................... 50

10.1.1 Walkaround Inspections ......................................................................................... 50

10.1.2 Inspection/Defect Reporting ................................................................................... 51

10.2 Operational Maintenance .................................................................................................... 51

10.2.1 Working with Pressure Operated Systems............................................................. 52

10.2.2 Working with Fluids ................................................................................................ 52

10.2.3 Refuelling ............................................................................................................... 54

10.2.4 Fuel Handling ......................................................................................................... 55

10.3 Scheduled Servicing and Operator Maintenance ................................................................ 55

10.3.1 Field Servicing ........................................................................................................ 55

10.3.2 Servicing Safety ..................................................................................................... 56

11. Equipment Familiarisation ................................................................................................................. 56

11.1 General Arrangement .......................................................................................................... 57

11.2 Conduct Pre-Start Inspection .............................................................................................. 59

11.2.1 Walkaround Inspection ........................................................................................... 59

11.2.2 Pre-start Check ...................................................................................................... 59

11.3 Start-up ................................................................................................................................ 59

11.4 Post Start Checks ................................................................................................................ 60

11.5 Moving Off ........................................................................................................................... 60

11.6 Monitor Systems and Alarms ............................................................................................... 60

11.7 Park-up and Shutdown ........................................................................................................ 60

11.8 Emergency Shutdown ......................................................................................................... 61

11.9 Equipment and Procedures Checklists ................................................................................ 61

11.10 Equipment Checklist ............................................................................................................ 62

12. EfficientSkidSteerLoaderOperations ............................................................................................. 66

12.1 ProductionEfficiency ........................................................................................................... 67

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13. Moving the Skid Steer Loader ........................................................................................................... 67

13.1 Driving ................................................................................................................................. 67

13.2 Turning................................................................................................................................. 68

13.3 Driving Uphill ....................................................................................................................... 68

13.4 Driving Downhill ................................................................................................................... 68

13.5 Driving on Slopes ................................................................................................................ 69

13.6 Reversing ............................................................................................................................ 69

14. Loader Operating Techniques ........................................................................................................... 69

14.1 Loading from a Stockpile ..................................................................................................... 70

14.2 Digging ................................................................................................................................ 71

14.3 Sidecutting ........................................................................................................................... 71

14.4 Carrying the Load ................................................................................................................ 72

14.5 Dumping .............................................................................................................................. 72

14.5.1 Dumping into a Vehicle .......................................................................................... 72

14.5.2 Dumping Method .................................................................................................... 73

14.6 Stockpiling ........................................................................................................................... 74

14.7 Mixing Materials ................................................................................................................... 74

14.8 Levelling .............................................................................................................................. 75

14.9 Dragging .............................................................................................................................. 75

14.10 Stripping Topsoil .................................................................................................................. 76

14.11 Spreading Topsoil and Other Materials ............................................................................... 76

15. BackfillingaTrenchorExcavation .................................................................................................... 77

15.1 Calculating Excavation Fill ................................................................................................... 77

15.2 BackfillingMethod ............................................................................................................... 78

16. Skid Steer Loader Attachments ......................................................................................................... 79

16.1 Selecting Attachments ......................................................................................................... 79

16.2 Fitting and Removing Attachments ...................................................................................... 80

16.3 Testing and Using Attachments ........................................................................................... 80

16.4 Cleaning and Storing Attachments ...................................................................................... 81

17. Forklift Attachment ............................................................................................................................ 81

17.1 Stability ................................................................................................................................ 82

17.2 Safe Loading of the Forks ................................................................................................... 82

17.2.1 Rated Capacity ....................................................................................................... 82

17.2.2 Load Centre ........................................................................................................... 82

17.2.3 Working Load Limit................................................................................................. 82

17.3 Precautions .......................................................................................................................... 83

17.4 Lifting a Load Using the Forks ............................................................................................. 83

17.5 Travelling with a Load .......................................................................................................... 85

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17.6 Unloading Using the Forks .................................................................................................. 85

17.7 Loading Round Objects ....................................................................................................... 87

17.8 Loading and Unloading Pallets ............................................................................................ 87

17.9 Loading a Vehicle ................................................................................................................ 88

18. Material Handling Arm ....................................................................................................................... 88

18.1 Lift Operations Plan ............................................................................................................. 89

18.2 Inspect and Control Hazards ............................................................................................... 89

18.3 ConfirmCommunicationMethods ....................................................................................... 90

18.4 Position the Skid Steer Loader Correctly ............................................................................. 90

18.5 Check the Load Radius ....................................................................................................... 90

18.6 Establish the Weight of the Load ......................................................................................... 91

18.7 Check the Lifting Capacity ................................................................................................... 92

18.8 Select the Lifting and Slinging Equipment ........................................................................... 92

18.9 Inspect the Equipment ......................................................................................................... 93

18.10 Check the Working Load Limit ............................................................................................. 93

18.11 Determine the Method of Slinging ....................................................................................... 94

18.12 Attach the Lifting Equipment ................................................................................................ 95

18.13 Conduct a Trial Lift ............................................................................................................... 96

18.14 Lift and Carry the Load ........................................................................................................ 96

19. Constructing Drains ........................................................................................................................... 97

19.1 Temporary Drains ................................................................................................................ 97

19.2 Permanent Drains ................................................................................................................ 97

19.3 Catch Drains ........................................................................................................................ 98

19.4 Diversion Drains .................................................................................................................. 98

19.5 Batter Toe Drains ................................................................................................................. 98

20. Transporting the Machine .................................................................................................................. 99

20.1 Loading the Machine for Transport ...................................................................................... 99

20.2 Unloading the Machine ........................................................................................................ 99

21. Environmental Conditions ............................................................................................................... 100

21.1 Dusty Conditions ............................................................................................................... 100

21.2 Rain/Wet Conditions .......................................................................................................... 100

21.3 Fog .................................................................................................................................... 101

21.4 Lighting Hazards ................................................................................................................ 101

21.5 Operating at Night ............................................................................................................. 101

22. Responding to Emergency Situations ............................................................................................. 102

22.1 Emergency Response ....................................................................................................... 102

22.2 On-board Fires .................................................................................................................. 102

22.3 Loss of Control .................................................................................................................. 103

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22.4 Rollover ............................................................................................................................. 103

22.5 Breakdown ........................................................................................................................ 103

22.5.1 Recovering Your Machine .................................................................................... 104

22.6 Incidents Involving Vehicles ............................................................................................... 104

23. Post Operational Tasks ................................................................................................................... 104

23.1 Storing Tools and Equipment ............................................................................................. 105

23.2 Work Area Clean-up .......................................................................................................... 105

23.2.1 Waste Management ............................................................................................. 105

23.2.2 Hazardous Chemical Disposal ............................................................................. 106

23.3 End of Shift Reports .......................................................................................................... 106

24. Completing Your Training Program ................................................................................................. 107

24.1 Formal Assessment Process ............................................................................................. 107

25. Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 107

Terms and Acronyms ............................................................................................................................... 108

Supporting Documentation Register.........................................................................................................110

Equipment Checklist .....................................................................................................................111

Procedures Checklist ....................................................................................................................114

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Safety PromptsSymbolsareusedthroughoutthisresourcetohighlightspecificpoints,particularlythosethatinvolvesafety. The symbols and their meaning are shown below.

DANGER This prompt is used when there is an immediate hazard that is likely to result in severe personal injury or death if correct procedures are not followed.

CAUTION This prompt is used to warn against hazards and unsafe practices that could result in personal injury and/or property damage if correct procedures are not followed.

NOTE This prompt is used to highlight important information.

Glossary of terms and acronymsAllindustrieshavetermsandacronymsthatarespecifictothem.Alistofcommonlyusedtermsandacronyms is included at the end of this training resource.

authorised use of and Permissions for this resource

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This training resources or parts thereof must not be distributed, either electronically or in hard copy, outside of

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contacting [email protected].

disclaimer

This resource has been developed after extensive consultation with industry partners. It is a collaborative view

anddoesnotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewofanyspecificbody.Forthesakeofbeingconcise,itmayomit

factors that could be pertinent in particular cases. This product is meant for educational purposes only and is not

a substitute or replacement for the workplace's existing policy and procedures.

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1. introductionThis training resource is provided to introduce you to equipment operations, the obligations you have as an operator and the procedures used while performing work. It also outlines the ways in which you canimprovesafetyandefficiencybycorrectlyusingthemachineyouareoperating.

Usethistrainingresourceinconjunctionwiththeequipmentmanufacturer'smanualforthespecificoperating procedures of the machine and refer to the site operating procedures.

This resource contains information that will assist you to:

• plan and prepare for operations

• select and maintain appropriate plant and equipment

• work safely on site

• work with others to achieve the required outcomes

• identify hazards and apply controls

• respond appropriately in an emergency.

NOTE This training resource is a guide only. Always follow site procedures when performing your work.

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2. Operator ObligationsAs an operator you have an obligation to ensure the safety and health of yourself and others and to protect the environment in which you work.

The following actions will help you to do this.

• Ensurethatyouarephysicallyandmentallyfitforworkbeforestarting any job.

• Comply with your organisation's Code of Conduct on how you interact with others, for example, no bullying, discrimination, unethical or unsafe behaviour.

• Donotattemptanytaskunlessyouarequalifiedandauthorisedto perform the task.

• Make sure that you have the required licences and permits to perform your work and that they are current. Advise your supervisor immediately if you lose your licence or permit.

• Select, check and use the correct personal protective equipment (PPE). Make sure that the PPEfitsproperlyandissuitableforthetask.

• Report unsafe conditions, activities, incidents or near misses to your supervisor or safety representative.

• Report damaged or defective equipment for repair.

• Operateequipmentwithinmanufacturerspecificationsandlimitationsandaccordingtositeprocedures.

• Use your site lock and tag system.

• Adhere to site environmental guidelines to prevent damage to the natural environment and designated heritage sites.

2.1 Comply with Legislation and Site ProceduresDuringyourgeneralandsitespecificinductionsyouwouldhave been familiarised with organisational and site policies and procedures. These have been developed in accordance with legislation and are designed to ensure that work is undertaken safely.

Gather and read the relevant documents and procedures for the task that you are doing. Ensure that you understand the documents and how they apply to your work.

The general hierarchy of statutory and organisational compliance documentation is shown in the following table.

HERE‛S TO A SAFEDAY‛S WORK !

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Hand Signals

The following table illustrates some common hand, whistle and horn signals used when on worksites.

Motion Hand SignalWhistle /

Horn SignalMotion Hand Signal

Whistle / Horn Signal

Raise

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2 Short

••

Lower


1 Long

—

Luff Up


3 Short

•••

Luff Down


4 Short

••••

Slew Right


1 Long

2 Short

—••

Slew Left


1 Long

1 Short

—•

Travel and Traverse


Not Applicable

Stop


1 Short

•

NOTE All hand signals must be clearly understood. If there is a signal you do not understand, stop the task and ask for the meaning before proceeding.

Signage

A sign displays a distinct message about how to protect personnel from exposure to hazards. A sign displaying a safety message carries the same authority as a direct instruction from your supervisor. Failure to obey a sign can result in injury or death.

NOTE Signs are placed for your protection. Always keep signs clean and in good condition. Do not remove a sign unless you are authorised to do so.



The following table displays a sample of each type of sign along with a brief description.

description example

Mandatory Signs

Indicate an instruction that must be carried out.

SAFETY FOOTWEARMUST BE WORN

IN THIS AREA

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Prohibitory Signs

Indicate an action or activity that is not permitted.

SMOKINGPROHIBITED

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Warning Signs

Indicate a hazard or hazardous condition that is not likely to be life threatening.

SLIPPERYSURFACE

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danger Signs

Warn of a hazard or hazardous condition that is likely to be life threatening.

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emergency information Signs

Indicate the location of, or direction to, emergency related facilities suchasexits,safetyequipmentorfirstaidfacilities.

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• Maintainadequateseparationbetweentrafficandtheworkarea.• Obey site speed limits, and observe the requirements for overtaking and giving way on site.• Use vehicle mounted warning signs and lights to increase work vehicle visibility.• Useshadowvehiclesand/ortruckmountedsignalstoalertoncomingtrafficofworkactivities.• Refertothepolicetrafficcoordinatorsforroadtrafficenforcementarrangements.• Observe the site parking regulations. Where possible make sure that work vehicles are parked

inlocationsawayfrompassingtraffic,forexampleonsideorserviceroads,inbreakdownbays,or behind guard rails. Only the driver of a parked vehicle should remain in the vehicle, and then onlyifthevehicleisperformingtrafficcontrol.

NOTE You must obtain approval from the relevant authority before working on or adjacent to a public road.

7. HazardsThehazardidentificationprocesswillrevealdifferenttypesofhazardsthatcanimpactonpeople,equipment, methods and plans, the community or the environment. Certain hazards have high risk potential. The presence of any hazard will require you to apply the site hazard analysis process and to implement appropriate control measures.

Hazard risk

A hazard is a source or situation with the potential to cause injury, damage or lost time.

A risk is the likelihood that a harmful consequence will result from exposure to a hazard.

Beforeundertakingwork,youmustperformahazardidentificationandriskanalysisprocessfollowingyour site procedures. Learn to recognise the difference between a hazard and a risk.

Cone Barrier Barrier Fence

The Task The Hazard The Risk

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7.1 Hazard IdentificationHazardsmustbeidentifiedandcontrolledtoavoidanincidentoremergency.Conductapersonalhazardidentificationandriskassessmentprocedureif:

• the task is unfamiliar to you

• you are unsure that your work can be carried out safely

• the task is potentially hazardous

• the task is potentially a high-risk activity

• your site procedures require it.

Use the site hazard analysis tool to identify and control workplace hazards. The tool will require you to:

• stop

• think about what you need to do

• identify hazards

• plan and implement controls to minimise the risks associated with each hazard

• proceed with the task, and monitor the effectiveness of the controls.

7.1.1 Job Safety analysis

A Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is a tool used by a work team to identify the hazards in each step of a task and the controls that are used to eliminate or minimise the risk to personnel, the environment and equipment. Conduct a JSA or Job Safety and Environment Analysis (JSEA) if:

• there are uncontrolled hazards

• there is no written job procedure for a complex task

• clearance or a permit is required, for exampleworkinginaconfinedspaceornear high voltage lines

• equipment brought to the site creates a hazard

• a procedure needs to be changed

• an incident has occurred during operations.

A JSA is conducted by two or more people. Every person who takes part in the JSA must read and understand the information before signing the JSA form and commencing work.

NOTE If you do not understand anything on the JSA, you disagree with the contents or you feel the task is still not safe to do, stop work and talk to your supervisor.

A JSA should only be used once. It needs to be reviewed before carrying out the same task again as the hazards may have changed. An old JSA can be used as the basis for a new one. If you are doing the same JSA repeatedly, and there is little variation each time, then you should suggest the JSA be used to develop a site procedure.

1. Stop

2. think

3. identify

4. Plan

5. Proceed

JSEAJSEAJOB SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

IF IT’S NOT SAFE, DON’T DO IT! www.pertrain.com.au

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11.1 General arrangementThe major components of typical wheeled and tracked skid steer loaders are shown in the following photographs.

Worklights

rOPs/FOPs

Bucket

Bucket Cutting edge

Grab Handle

Lift Cylinder

Lift arm

upright



Worklights

exhaustradiator

engine Compartment

Final drive track roller trackrear idler



Example Only - Use copy at the back of the manual

11.10 equipment ChecklistEQUIPMENT MAKE _________________________________ MODEL ______________________

EQUIPMENT ID ____________________________ SITE ________________________

It is your responsibility to familiarise yourself with the equipment you will be operating. This may include carrying out pre-start checks, routine operator servicing, maintenance and housekeeping tasks according to the equipment manufacturer recommendations and your site procedures.

NOTE Work with your trainer/supervisor and use these notes to familiarise yourself with the components and operations of the equipment.

item description/notes demonstratedapplied under Supervision

dimensions / Specifications

Height:

Length:

Width:

Weight:

Fuel Capacity:

Other:

Operating Parameters

Engine Speed:

Load Limit:

Other:

isolations:

• Electrical

• Mechanical

For example: Battery isolation point, Guards

Walkaround inspection Points

For example: Vehicle components, Fluid levels



Example Only - Use copy at the back of the manual

Procedures ChecklistEQUIPMENT MAKE _________________________________ MODEL ______________________

EQUIPMENT ID ____________________________ SITE ________________________

Itisyourresponsibilitytooperatetheequipmentsafelyandefficientlywithintheequipmentcapabilityand limitations, and according to site procedures. You must monitor the equipment during operations and respond appropriately to all indicators and alarms.

NOTE Refer to the equipment Manufacturer’s Manual (MM) instructions for information and required operator responses.

item reference notes on Operating Procedure

Pre-start Procedure

For example: Site Pre-start procedure

Start up Procedure For example: MM, page .........

Post Start Checks For example: MM, page .........

Monitoring and responding to alarms

For example: MM, page .........



12. Efficient Skid Steer Loader OperationsYoumustworksafelyandefficiently.Donotletfamiliaritywiththeproceduresoverrulecautionsothatyou become complacent. To maintain safety standards while maximising productivity, consider the following operational guidelines.

• Work to a schedule and plan.

• Obtain authorisation before changing work plans or scheduling.

• Select the correct equipment, attachments and operatingmethodtomaximisetheefficiencyandeffectiveness of your work activity.

• Operate the machine according to site procedures.

• Work within the machine capabilities and limitations.

• Monitor ground conditions and the work area, especially windrows and edges.

• Change your operating techniques to suit conditions.

• Monitor the machine systems and respond to alarms immediately.

• Be alert for hazards.

• Be aware of personnel and equipment in the operating area.

• Ensure that other equipment does not enter your operating area without your knowledge.

• Maintain maximum visibility at all times.

• Anticipate problems and take action before problems occur.

• Cooperate with personnel involved in your work program and others on site.

• Respond promptly to instructions.

• Act responsibly at all times.

• Check your work regularly and on completion to ensure that it complies with your work requirements.

• Recommend and act on improvements to your work procedures.

NOTE If you are in any doubt about a task, stop and talk to your supervisor and/or co-workers.

Maximiseefficiencybyminimisingthetimespentoneachworkstage.Savingafewsecondsduringeachstagecanmakealargedifferenceoveraperiodoftime.Efficiencyisimportant,butsafetyiscrucial.Donotsacrificesafetybyoperatingtooquicklyfortheconditions.

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12.1 Production EfficiencyUse your skill and experience to meet production targets while following safe work procedures and ensuring the continuing operational status of the skid steer loader.Achievinghighlevelsofefficiencytakescarefulplanning.

Take into consideration the work conditions and alter production techniques accordingly. For example, the type of soil you are working can affect the operation of your machine. Clay is more cohesive and harder to excavate, push and spread than topsoil and will require different production techniques.

13. Moving the Skid Steer LoaderFor your safety and to prevent machine damage, raise the attachments clear of the ground before the moving the machine. Ensure that the attachments are higher than all obstacles along the route.

The machine may be operating in a relatively smallandconfinedarea.Whendrivingtheskid steer loader, continually check the area surrounding the machine for hazards.

• Watch out for personnel and equipment in the operating area.

• Ensure that warning signs, barricades, guardrails and fences are installed.

• Obeythesitetrafficandroadrules.• Frequently monitor ground conditions.• Use a spotter as necessary.

• Do not carry passengers.

NOTE Do not hoist personnel in the bucket. Doing so is against all safe operating procedures and is contrary to machine design.

13.1 drivingOperate the machine at full throttle to provide maximum power for both travel and attachment hydraulics.

• Formostefficientoperations,keepthetraveldistanceshortandtheworkareasmall.

• Carry the bucket as low as practical for maximum visibility and stability.

• Drive at a speed to suit the conditions. Driving too fast over uneven ground not only causes load spillage but also possible injury if the machine becomes unstable.

• Do not overload the bucket. Overloading the bucket may affect machine stability, especially if the machine hits a bump or bounces while travelling.

• Relocate the skid steer loader by driving forwards, whenever possible, to avoid visual problems and neck/back strain injuries.

• Avoid sudden starts or stops.

THIS MIGHTBE A BETTERWAY TO DOTHIS JOB

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13.2 turningObserve the following precautions when turning the machine.

• Turnthemachineonflat,levelgroundonly.

• Turn the machine gradually and smoothly.

• Take extra care when turning while carrying a load to prevent rollover.

CAUTION The bucket (or other attachment) will swing in a wider arc than the wheels, creating a collision hazard with nearby equipment.

13.3 driving uphillObserve the following precautions when driving or transporting loads uphill.

• When transporting loads uphill, drive the machine forwards to keep the load facing uphill.

• When driving uphill with no load, drive the machine in reverse to keep the heavy end uphill.

13.4 driving downhillObserve the following precautions when driving or transporting loads downhill.

• When driving downhill with no load, drive the machine forwards to keep the heavy end uphill.

• When transporting loads downhill, drive the machine in reverse to keep the load facing uphill.

• Reduce speed and drive to suit the conditions.

Skid Steer Loader Turning

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MachineDirection

Bucket Edge Movement

Drive in reverse with an empty bucket

Drive forwards with aloaded bucket

Driving Uphill

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Drive in reverse with a loaded bucket

Drive forwards with anempty bucket

Driving Downhill

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13.5 driving on SlopesTake care when operating on slopes to avoid machine instability.

• Ensure that the slope angle does not exceed the manufacturer recommendations.

• Drive directly up or down slopes, not across the slope.

• Keep the bucket level by tilting it either forwards or backwards to prevent the load spilling from the back of the bucket.

13.6 reversingWhen operating the machine, there is as much reverse driving as there is forward. Take care to avoid hazards when reversing. The area for manoeuvringisoftenconfinedandtheskidsteerloadermaybeclosetootherequipment.

• Ensure that the area behind the machine is clear of personnel and equipment.

• Useaspottertodirectyouorassistbycontrollingothertraffic.

• Look out for blind spots and check them frequently.

• Judge distances accurately.

14. Loader Operating techniquesFrequently monitor the work area for hazards and take action according to site procedures to reduce or eliminate the risks. Follow the safe working procedures to ensure personnel safety and prevent damage to the loader or other equipment.

Observe the following guidelines and precautions during loading.

• Coordinate operations with other personnel during your work.

• Know and observe the safe working load.

• Check around the loader to avoid obstacles, personnel and other equipment.

• Before you pick up a load, know where you will dump it.

• Facethestockpileat90˚.

• Never lift, swing or move a load over personnel.

• Ensure loader stability by keeping the lift arms and attachment low when travelling or turning.

• Move the loader at a speed appropriate to the conditions.

• Maintain a safe distance from edges, trenches and excavations.

• Avoid load spillage.

• Modify your operating technique to suit the conditions.

• Obeyroadsignsandtrafficmanagmentrequirements.

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14.1 Loading from a StockpileSkid steer loaders have more force at slow speeds. Drive slowly and never ram the machine into a stockpile. Use the following techniques when loading from a stockpile.

1. Lower the bucket onto the ground and ensure that it is level.

2. Slowly drive the machine forward into the stockpile.

3. Asthebucketfillstiltitbacktokeepthematerial in the bucket and raise the lift arms.

4. When the bucket is full, reverse from the stockpile with the bucket at the loading height.

CAUTION Check your blind spot and ensure that the rear is clear before reversing.

Don't undercut stockpiles or banks as they could collapse and overturn the skid steer loader.

Loading from a Stockpile

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18.11 determine the Method of SlingingDetermine the safest and most effective method of rigging and slinging the load. The slinging method affects the WLL of the lifting arrangement.

• Use short slings to prevent excessive load swing.

• When two slings are attached to a load and lifting hook, the included angle between the legs determines the load or tension on the individual legs.

• The larger the included angle between the legs, the greater the load is applied to the legs.

• A sling may be capable of lifting a load vertically but when acting with a similar sling, both slings may be overloaded if the angle between is too large.

• A choke hitch on a square load will reduce the WLL by 50%, and on a round load by 25%.

• Check the metal tag attached to the terminal link to determine the WLL of a multiple leg chain sling.

• If a multiple leg sling is used, ensure that any two slings are capable of supporting the whole load.

• When using a four-legged sling, ensure that the two diagonally opposite slings are capable of supporting the load.

CAUTION You must lift and sling loads correctly to avoid accidents involving personnel and equipment.

Correct Sling Use

Not more than 30°

If the sling angle is too great the web can tear at

the nip point

Sling to be protected at these points

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Sling Leg Loading

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NOTE The sling connections shown above show individual slings and not necessarily the complete rigging and slinging arrangements.

18.12 attach the Lifting equipmentAttach the lifting equipment to the material handling arm and the load according to the relevant safety legislation and following site procedures.

• Attach shackles and slings to the material handling arm only at the lifting points designated by the manufacturer.

• Attach lifting equipment to the load according to requirements. Lifting points are usually marked and/or fabricated onto the load.

• Take special precautions to protect fragile loads.• Consider weight distribution and the centre of gravity of unusually shaped loads and sling

accordingly.• Iftheloadislikelytoswing,useataglinetocontrolmovement.Onlyusefibreropethatis16mm

or more in diameter.• Use a dogger to control the load. The dogger should attach and control the tag line and will

position the load before it is lowered into place.

Locate the load directly under the arm and avoid side loading. Side loading occurs when the load is:• dragged or pulled sideways during the lift• swung rapidly

• carried over uneven ground.

Side loading may overturn the skid steer loader and increases the risk of arm buckle or failure. Side loading generally occurs without warning.

RoundLoad

Round LoadRectangularLoad

Rectangular Load

Direct Load Choke Hitch Basket Hitch

Direct Load

Round Load Rectangular Load

Single Wrap Double Wrap Single Wrap Double Wrap

Reeved / Choke Hitch

Sling Connections

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18.13 Conduct a trial LiftBefore moving the load, conduct a trial lift to check the machine stability and ability to lift and transport the load. Perform the following steps.

1. Ensure the stability of the machine.

2. Check for clearances.

3. Inspect the load and all lifting equipment.

4. Coordinate the trial lift with the required personnel.

5. Lift the load.

DANGER Lift the load until it just clears the surface. Do not lift higher than necessary.

Operate the controls smoothly and carefully to prevent the load from swinging. A small movement at the material handling arm attachment coupler will translate into a large movement at the end of the handling arm.

If the load appears unstable, if a sling shifts or there is weight shift to one side, carefully lower the load,re-slingandsecuretheloadbeforecontinuing.Ifaloadmeasuringdeviceisfitted,confirmtheweight of the load and adjust operations as required if your calculations were incorrect. Check for deviations in the load radius.

18.14 Lift and Carry the LoadIf the trial lift is successful and all preparations are completed, lift and carry the load using the following sequence.

1. Coordinate the lift operation with the required personnel.

2. Ensure personnel are clear of the work area during lifting operations.

3. Lift the load vertically whenever possible.

4. Check the slings and load balance as soon as the load is suspended. Continue to check as the load is being lifted.

5. Keep the load as low as practicable.

6. If required, move the machine slowly to carry the load to the destination.

NOTE Coordinate the lifting and carrying operation using the agreed signals.

7. Avoid sudden movements or jerking which may cause the load to swing.

8. Monitor the load and lifting area during the lifting operation.

9. Carefully swing the boom or carry the load to the required destination.

10. With the assistance of support personnel, lower the load using site procedures.

DANGER Ensure that no personnel are under the load while it is being moved.

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terms and acronymsThe following are terms commonly used on construction and extractive sites. Space is provided over the page for you to add terms and acronyms common to your site:

term Meaning

Chainage Thedistancealongasurveylinefromafixedstartingpoint.

Datum Point An arbitrary point to which all other points are referred.

Earthworks Material that must be removed or added to the natural surface.

Grade Level Grade of the roadway surface from the datum point.

Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

A risk management process that focuses on job tasks to identify potential hazards, assess risks and determine suitable controls to manage risks.

A JSA:

• must be completed before a high risk task commences

• is a written record that could be used in a court of law if a serious incident occurs in the workplace

• must be signed off by all parties who have responsibility for the work to be performed under the JSA.

Also called a Job Step Analysis (JSA), Job Safety and Environment Analysis (JSEA) or Job Hazard Analysis (JHA).

Longitudinal Section A cross section of the control line between two chainage measurements.

Permits Permits are required for certain jobs that have high risk potential. Some permits used on work sites include Hot Work Permit, Permit to Dig/Penetrate,ConfinedSpaceandWorkatHeightsPermits.

Site Procedures Site procedures are documented ways of working to achieve an acceptable level of risk. A procedure can be a Standard Work Procedure (SWP), Safe Work Instruction (SWI) or Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). Procedures are a legal requirement and outline the workplace method and processes for carrying out tasks safely and in an environmentally sustainable way. Procedures are developed after consultation with workers and are monitored and amended as required. Procedures contain detailed information such as:

• a description of the task

• a list of tools and equipment required

• informationonidentifiedhazardsassociatedwiththetask

• risk controls, including training requirements

• sequentialstepstoperformthetasksafelyandefficiently

• references to applicable workplace health and safety acts, regulations and policies.



term Meaning

Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS)

A SWMS documents a process for identifying and controlling health and safety hazards and risks. A SWMS must be prepared for all high-risk activities and contains detailed information such as:

• the type of high risk work to be performed

• associated hazards and risks

• risk management controls to be put in place

• how the risk controls will be implemented, monitored and reviewed.

Surface Level The elevation at each chainage point relative to a control line datum point.

NOTE If you hear a term or acronym that you are unfamiliar with, ask your supervisor or co-workers what it means and add it to this list.


appendix

aPPendiX

1. Lifting and Slinging Equipment .........................................................................................................118

1.1 Natural Fibre Rope .............................................................................................................118

1.1.1 Fibre Rope Inspection ...........................................................................................118

1.2 Synthetic Rope ...................................................................................................................119

1.3 Synthetic Webbing Slings .................................................................................................. 120

1.3.1 Inspection of Synthetic Fibre Slings ..................................................................... 121

1.3.2 Sling Storage ........................................................................................................ 121

1.4 Flexible Steel Wire Rope (FSWR) ..................................................................................... 122

1.4.1 FSWR Inspection ................................................................................................. 122

1.4.2 Calculating SWL/WLL of FSWR ........................................................................... 123

1.5 Chains ............................................................................................................................... 123

1.5.1 Inspection of Chain .............................................................................................. 124

1.5.2 Calculating SWL/WWL of Chain ........................................................................... 124

2. Lifting and Slinging Accessories ...................................................................................................... 125

2.1 Hooks ................................................................................................................................ 125

2.2 Shackles ............................................................................................................................ 125

2.3 Eyebolts ............................................................................................................................. 126

3. Guidelines for Slinging and Lifting ................................................................................................... 127

Contents


appendix

1. Lifting and Slinging equipmentLifting and slinging loads correctly is essential to avoid accidents involving personnel and equipment. Lifting and slinging equipment includes:

• naturalfibreropes

• synthetic rope

• synthetic slings and webbing

• FSWR

• chain.

NOTE All lifting equipment and slings must be inspected before and after use.

1.1 natural Fibre ropeFibre ropes are sometimes used to restrain load movement. Allfibreropesizesaredefinedbytheirdiameterinmm.Theminimumsizefibreropethatcanbe used as a tagline on loads is 16 mm.

CAUTION Always check the WLL and calculate the weight of the loadbeforeusingfibreropeforlifting.

1.1.1 Fibre rope inspection

Inspect rope before each use. Examine the entire length of the rope at intervals of about 30 cm, checking all sides and carefully untwisting the strands slightly. Do not kink the ropes. You should look for:

• cutorbrokenfibres,yarnsorstrands

• knots

• signs of over-stretching, including broken yarns and reduced diameter

• discolouration due to excessive heat

• sunrot

• scorched rope

• high stranding

• brittle yarns or strands

• faulty splices

• mildew

• acid burns or effects from corrosive agents

• powdery dust, which is a sign of internal wear.

NOTE If there is doubt about rope condition, tag it as defective or destroy the rope immediately.

Naturalfibreropeissubjecttodeteriorationandweakeningifitisnotstoredandmaintainedcorrectly.

Three Strand Rope

Right HandLay on rope

Right HandLay on rope

Left HandLay on rope

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appendix

Thecorrectstorageandcarewillextendtheservicelifeofnaturalfibreropes.

• Alwaysstorenaturalfibreropeinadryplace.

• Do not store in closed containers.

• Donotstoreonthegroundorfloor.

• Do not store in direct sunlight or exposed to the weather.

• Neverstoreropenearfire,excessiveheat,acidsandotherchemicals.

1.2 Synthetic ropeSynthetic rope generally has superior strength andhandlingcharacteristicstonaturalfibrerope but the surface of the rope presents a smooth, slippery surface. This makes synthetic rope more prone to slipping and can lead to the failure of knots and bends.

NOTE In the absence of positive identification,theWLListhesameasnaturalfibreropeofequivalent size.

The following list of generally available synthetic ropes together with a comparison of breaking strengths can be used as a guide to their lifting properties.

type Guide Only

Nylon(Polyamidefilament) Has approximately 2.25 times the breaking strength of natural fibrerope(sizeforsize).Nylonisveryelasticwithaboutfourtimes more stretch than natural rope so has little value for lifting.

Dacron-terylene (Polyester filament)

Hasabouttwicethebreakingstrengthofnaturalfibrerope,butis not as elastic as nylon.

Taniklon(Polyethylenefilament) Hasabout1.45timesthebreakingstrengthofnaturalfibrerope.

Kuralon (Polyvinyl Alcohol)

Hasabout1.25timesthebreakingstrengthofnaturalfibrerope.

Silver Rope (FlatSplitTaniklonfibre)

Hasabout1.16timesthebreakingstrainofnaturalfibrerope,butis30percentlighterthannaturalfibreropeornylon.

Polypropylene The breaking strength is approximately 1.6 times that of natural fibrerope.

Constructions

Three Strand Hawser Laid Rope

Eight Strand Square Rope

Solid Braided Cords

Three stands twisted or laid together to form the rope. This construction is the most commonly encountered. Available in 3 mm diameter upwards.

The balance achieved by platting four right hand and four left hand strands results in a tough kink resistant rope providing increased flexibility wet or dry. Available in 16 mm diameter upwards.

Solid braided cords are constructed from either 12 or 18 strands braced together normally over a centre core. Unlike platted cords, the strands lie in one direction in a spiral direction. Available in 3 mm to12 mm diameter.

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P +61 7 5445 2233 F +61 7 5445 2245

E [email protected]

PostalPO Box 713

Buderim Qld 4556Australia

Office8 Ure Court

Buderim Qld 4556Australia

Copyright © 2011 Pertrain Pty Limited. All rights reserved.

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