rick hall: place & mobility
DESCRIPTION
Presentation by Rick Hall, PE at Great Streets-Healthy Communities program hosted by ULI Memphis and the University of Memphis Partnership for Active Community Environments in Memphis, TN on April 21, 2010.TRANSCRIPT
Place & Mobility: 21st Century Planning & Design
Great Streets; Healthy CommunitiesUniversity of Memphis PACE Partnership for Active Community Environments
Urban Land Institute Memphis April 21st 2010
Richard A. Hall, P.E.
HPEHall Planning & Engineering, Inc.
The industrial, pre-motor vehicle city saw severe congestion. It became something to escape and shun.
Solutions included network differentiation, residential relocation, multi-level designs, and later, sound barriers and a general turning of our backs to the major thoroughfares. Drawing by H.W.Corbett, “The city of the future: an innovative solution to the traffic problem” Scientific American, 1913
Today’s commuters, in long lines, are on individual life support systems. We survive in the environment through which we drive, having overcome physical attributes of speed, air quality and weather, especially temperature, that would otherwise be intolerable. Social attributes of personal safety are very significant to us.
fine old places are being rediscovered
fine new places are being developed
books1. Power Broker – Robert Caro2. Boulevard Book – Alan Jacobs3. Option of Urbanism – Chris Leinberger
content1. place2. mobility3. modal equilibrium4. design recommendations -
thoroughfares & transit systems5. planning recommendations –
community, corridor & region
renaissance of place
renaissance of place
renaissance of place
The Transect – A Classification System
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
placedefined
SmartCodev. 10 CNU 2010
place defined - SmartCode v. 10 CNU 2010
placedefined
Sarasota Co. – PMI Ordinance
A form based code
placedefined
Sarasota Co. – PMI Ord.
Planned Mixed-use & Infill zoning district
• more modes available, • not just more lanes• balance the modes
– walk, bike, transit & motor vehicle• walkability = all 3 forgotten modes
mobility?
multiway boulevard
principle 1. urban form firstLU1 – TR2plan the urban structure 1st the transportation 2nd
top 10 walkability factors
• 10. Street Trees• 9. Traffic
Volumes• 8. Sidewalks• 7. Narrow Streets • 6. Interconnected
Streets
• 5. On Street Parking• 4. Lower Traffic
Speeds• 3. Mixed Land Use• 2. Buildings Fronting
St. • 1. Small Block Size!
TNDTraditional Neighborhood Development
CSD Conventional Suburban Development
MPO work
LU 1 TR 2
Steve Price, 510 486-0427www.urban-advantage.com
Draft, 3/28/2007
Fairfax, VA
Fairfax Boulevard
Fairfax, VA
Fairfax Boulevard
Fairfax, VA
Fairfax Boulevard
pedestrian fatalities & speed
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100%
Fata
l to P
edest
rians
20 mph 30 mph 40 mph
Speed
inquiring minds…
early engineering training programs
Key West, FL
16 feet
Avg. Free Flow Speed = 28 mph
AASHTO
• The DNA of SPRAWL
• All the information necessary
the possible hourly flow at intersections
corridor capacity?
traffic flow in one lane
• a vehicle every 2 seconds (max.)• equals ≈ 30 vehicles per minute
(60/2=30) • yields 1,800 vehicles per hour!
(30x60=1,800)
traffic flow at signals
• if green all the time:1,800 vehicles per hour of green time per lane
• if green 1/3 the time:600 vehicles per hour, per lane!
• if green 1/2 the time:900 vehicles per hour, per lane!
peak hour traffic
East Parkway @ Poplar3,420 veh/hr.
peak hour traffic
Sam Cooper @ E Parkway3,159 Veh/hr.
peak hour traffic
Broad @ Hollywood385 veh/hr.
peak hour traffic
Hollywood @ Summer1,053 veh/hr.
peak hour traffic
Sam Cooper @ Tillman3,978 veh/hr.
peak hour traffic
Pershing @ Scott179 Veh/hr.
By Allan Jacobs, Elizabeth Macdonald and Yodan Rofe
what if:
Creating a true boulevard Dover Kohl & Partners, HPE & Steve Price
what if:
what if:
what if:
what if:
what if:
what if:
what if:
o large (300’ to 800’)o fast 30 to 50 mpho scaryo high speed mergeo dangerous 6x more crashes
o smaller < 180’o slower 10 – 25 mpho friendlyo yield at entryo safer
traffic circles vs. roundabouts
kingston, ny
roundaboutroundabout
traffic circletraffic circle
not traffic circles!
18 mph
Cross pedestrians behind the first entering vehicle
18 mph
roundabouts are pedestrian friendly
• low speeds allow drivers • to see • to stop
roundabouts are safer because:
decrease in crashes:• overall: 39%• injury-producing: 76%• fatal or incapacitating: 90%
"crash reductions following installation of (40) roundabouts in the united states"
insurance institute for highway safety, march 2000
roundabout safety
1. achieve unanimity w/ specialists 2. establish vision based plans for place3. establish context areas 4. update functional classification 5. finish form based codes, context based6. design matching walkable thoroughfares
7. nurture your transit spine
strategies & solutions
Indian History
Shelby County
Shelby County
Nonconnah
Wolf
Form and Land Uses Followed theTerrain
Shelby County
Shelby County
1. achieve unanimity w/ specialists 2. establish vision based plans for place3. establish context areas 4. update functional classification 5. finish form based codes, context based6. design matching walkable thoroughfares
7. nurture your transit spine
strategies & solutions
functional classification
• Arterials - Connecting major areas, long trips for mobility
• Collectors - Connecting arterials, intermediate trips• Locals - Serving local access & connecting to
collectors, short trips
• All trips by auto or truck, no pedestrians in the critical functional definition
• Areas = rural or urbanized, only two major areas• Add a third major area type – Compact Urban
rural urbanized
Update the functional classification system areas
rural
suburban
compact urban
Update the functional classification system areas
rural
suburban
compact urban
new compact urban
Update the functional classification system areas
1. achieve unanimity w/ specialists 2. establish vision based plans for place3. establish context areas 4. update functional classification 5. finish form based codes, context based6. design matching walkable thoroughfares
7. nurture your transit spine
strategies & solutions
.
existing conditions
East Stone Avenue
.
removing overhead utilities
East Stone Avenue
.
“road diet”
East Stone Avenue
.
East Stone Avenue
making better streets
.
making better streets
East Stone Avenue
.
place-making
East Stone Avenue
.
place-making
East Stone Avenue
.
at first: with or without overhead wires
East Stone Avenue
.
existing conditions
East Stone Avenue
1. achieve unanimity w/ specialists 2. establish vision based plans for place3. establish context areas 4. update functional classification 5. finish form based codes, context based6. design matching walkable thoroughfares
7. nurture your transit spine
strategies & solutions
“The first step in the (thoroughfare) design process is to define the function that the facility is to serve.”
AASHTO
HPE’s Walkability Index
• 90 - 100 points • 70 - 89 points • 50 - 69 points • 30 - 49 points • 20 - 29 points • 19 points or less
High Walkability (A) Very Walkable (B) Moderately Walkable (C) Basic Walkability (D) Minimal Walkability (E) Uncomfortable/hazardous for
Walking (F)
walkability index grades
10 walkability index measures
1. off-peak free flow speed
2. pavement width3.on-street parking
4. sidewalk width 5.connectivity6.pedestrian features
7. street enclosure [w:h]8. land use mix9. façade design
10. bus stops, bike features
ten points each for potential score of 100
Stone Avenue – Existing Conditions
(15 Blocks from Park/E North to Rutherford Street)
30“D” Basic Walkability
walkability index application
between Hilly St. & Spartanburg St.
Walkability Score = 20
between Wade Hampton Blvd. & Bennett St.
Walkability Score = 40
between Ivey St. & Rutherford St.
Walkability Score = 26
Main Street – North St. to Coffee St.
Walkability Score = 90
walkability index - future condition - 62
phase I: transportation only – 4 to 3 lane “diet”
walkability index - future condition - 73
phase II: transportation & urban development
Existing Conditions: Stone Avenue at Bennett Street
existing thoroughfare
no trees4 lane undivided35 mphsmall sidewalkswide setbacksno parking
Proposed Streetscape: Stone Avenue at Bennett Street
stone & main
