©richard l. goldman 2001 1 personal computer hard drive ata interface ©richard goldman august 7,...
TRANSCRIPT
©Richard L. Goldman 20011
Personal Computer Hard Drive
ATA Interface
©Richard Goldman
August 7, 2001
©Richard L. Goldman 20012
ATA• ATA, Advanced Technology Attachment• Marketed as:
– IDE, Integrated Device Electronics.• Originally developed for the IBM PC/AT in the mid-1980s.• Adopted as an industry standard in 1994• Provides a standard interface between HDD and computer system
board. (ANSI X3.221-1994)• Integrates the HDD, Hard Disk Drive, and controller PCB, Printed
Circuit Board, into one device.• Later became know as ATA-1• Supports up to 2 devices on one channel.• The ATA standard was withdrawn in 1999.
©Richard L. Goldman 20013
ATA-2• Adopted in 1996
• The ATA-2 specification was expanded to support two channels, 4 devices in total. (ANSI X3.279-1996)
• Allowed faster transfer rates than ATA.
• Marketed as: – EIDE, Enhanced Integrated Device Electronics.– Fast ATA– Fast ATA-2– Ultra ATA
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ATA-3• Adopted in 1997
• The ATA-3 specification has a few new features. (ANSI X3.298-1997)
• No increase in transfer rates.
• Added S.M.A.R.T. technology.– Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology
• Added Security– Allows drives to be read/write locked with a password.
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ATA/ATAPI-4• Adopted in 1998
• The ATA/ATAPI-4 specification has many new features. (ANSI NCITS 317-1998)
• Added ATAPI interface to the specification.– ATA Packet Interface– Provides support for CD-ROM drives, Tape backup devices, and PC (PCMCIA)
devices
• Also known as:– Ultra ATA/33– Ultra DMA/33– UDMA/33– Ultra DMA Mode 2
• Added new faster transfer protocols– Transfers data on both positive and negative side of data-latching signal.
• Improved data integrity with data CRC included in new transfer protocols. (Commands are not checked)
©Richard L. Goldman 20016
ATA/ATAPI-5• Adopted in 2000• The ATA/ATAPI-5 specification is primarily a speed
improvement. (ANSI NCITS 340-2000) • Also known as:
– Ultra ATA/66
– Ultra DMA/66
– UDMA/66
– Ultra DMA Mode 4
• Requires a special 80 wire cable with 40 pin connectors.– Additional ground wires between signal wires reduces crosstalk.
• Requires additional capacitor on system board (pin 34) to detect 80 wire cable.
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ATA/ATAPI-6• Adopted in 2001• The ATA/ATAPI-6 specification is another a speed improvement.
(ANSI NCITS ???-2001) • Also known as:
– Ultra ATA/100
– Ultra DMA/100
– UDMA/100
• Requires a special 80 wire cable with 40 pin connectors.– Additional ground wires between signal wires reduces crosstalk.
• Requires additional capacitor on system board to detect 80 wire cable.
• Reduced signal voltage from 5.0V to 3.3V.
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“Fast Drives”• Introduced in 2001• The Fast Drive specification is another speed improvement.
(Maxtor Corporation specification – No ANSI specification)• Also known as:
– Ultra ATA/133
• Requires a special 80 wire cable with 40 pin connectors.• Requires additional capacitor on system board to detect 80
wire cable.
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Serial ATA• The Serial ATA/1500 specification is a major speed
improvement coupled with a new serial cable design.• ATA/1500 Draft Specification 1.0 – Nov 21, 2000• Also known as:
– SATA• Provides faster data transfer • Provides much lower voltage signals (Dropped to 0.5V)• Provides more robust data transfer (Includes error checking
and correction of data and commands)• Smaller cable allows better circulation inside of computer• Smaller connector provides smaller footprint on system
board and devices.• Allows longer cable lengths (1m) - easier more flexible
design, manufacture, and service.• Software is backwards compatible with parallel ATA.• Requires new cable, and circuitry and connectors on devices
and on system board.• All Serial ATA devices act as “Master” devices.• Dongles and/or adapter cards may be used to adapt Serial
ATA to older computers or devices.
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Serial ATA-1• First-generation Serial ATA• Projected shipping date - 2001• 150MB/sec, 1.5Gb/sec, (1X)• Also know as:
– SATA
– SATA-1
– Ultra SATA
– Ultra SATA/1500
– Serial Gen-1
©Richard L. Goldman 200111
Serial ATA-2• Second-generation ATA• 300MB/sec (2X)• Also know as:
– SATA-2
– Ultra SATA-2
– Serial Gen-2
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Serial ATA-3• Third-generation Serial ATA• 600 MB/sec (4X)• Also know as:
– SATA-3
– Ultra SATA-3
– Serial Gen-3
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PIO• PIO, Programmed Input Output• PIO is a protocol used to communicate over the
ATA, and ATA-2 interfaces.• PIO data transfers are controlled by the CPU.• ATA and ATA-2 supported 5 different PIO modes:
PIO Mode Interface Transfer Rate0 ATA 3.3 MB/sec1 ATA 5.2 MB/sec2 ATA 8.3 MB/sec3 ATA-2 11.1 MB/sec4 ATA-2 16.7 MB/sec
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Single-word DMA• DMA, Direct Memory Access• Single-word DMA allows 8bit data transfers between the device and
memory without CPU intervention.• Transfers are controlled by the DMA Controller.• Also know as:
– DMA– Singleword DMA– Single Word DMA
• ATA and ATA-2 supported 3 different Single-word DMA modes:
Single-word Interface Transfer Rate
DMA Mode
0 ATA 2.08 MB/sec
1 ATA 4.17 MB/sec
2 ATA-2 8.33 MB/sec
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Multiword DMA• Multiword DMA allows 16bit data transfers between the device and
memory without CPU intervention.• Multiword DMA, transfers are controlled by the devices themselves
(Called Busmastering).• Also know as:
– Multi Word DMA– Multi-word DMA– Bustmaster DMA– Bustmaster IDE
• ATA and ATA-2 supported 3 different Multiword DMA modes:Multiword Interface Transfer RateDMA Mode 0 ATA 4.16 MB/sec
1 ATA-2 13.3 MB/sec
2 ATA-2 16.7 MB/sec
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Ultra DMA• Transfers data on both positive and negative side of data-latching
signal.
• Also know as– UDMA
– Ultra ATA
• ATA-4 through ATA-6 supported 5 different Ultra DMA modes:
Ultra DMA Interface Transfer Rate
Mode
0 ATA/ATAPI-4 16.67 MB/sec
1 ATA/ATAPI-4 25.00 MB/sec
2 ATA/ATAPI-4 33.33 MB/sec
3 ATA/ATAPI-5 44.44 MB/sec
4 ATA/ATAPI-5 66.67 MB/sec
5 ATA/ATAPI-6 100 MB/sec
©Richard L. Goldman 200117
ATA Modes of TransferATA
Interface PIO
Mode Single-word DMA Mode
Multiword DMA Mode
Ultra DMA Mode
Serial Generation
Transfer Rate
CPU Controlled
DMA Controller
Busmaster (16 bit)
Transfer on + & - clock
Serial Interface
ATA 0 3.3 MB/sec ATA 0 2.08 MB/sec ATA 0 4.16 MB/sec ATA 1 5.2 MB/sec ATA 2 8.3 MB/sec ATA-2 3 11.1 MB/sec ATA-2 1 4.17 MB/sec ATA-2 2 8.33 MB/sec ATA-2 1 13.3 MB/sec ATA-2 4 2 0 16.7 MB/sec ATA-3 ATA/ATAPI-4 1 25 MB/sec ATA/ATAPI-4 2 33.3 MB/sec ATA/ATAPI-5 3 44 MB/sec ATA/ATAPI-5 4 66 MB/sec ATA/ATAPI-6 5 100 MB/sec Fast Drive 133 MB/sec Serial ATA-1 1 150 MB/sec Serial ATA-2 2 300 MB/sec Serial ATA-3 3 600 MB/sec
©Richard L. Goldman 200118
Setting Jumpers on ATA/ATAPI Devices
• Devices must be set (jumpered) as either:– Single (Stand-alone)
• Used when the device is the only device on the cable.
– Master (Master with Slave)• Used for the first device after a second device (a slave) is added
to the cable.• Sometimes used when the device is the only device on the
cable.
– Slave• Used for the second device added to the cable.
– Cable Select• Used with a special cable. The position on the cable determines
the Master or Slave designation.
©Richard L. Goldman 200119
Sample Jumper settings
Single Master Slave Select Cable
Maxtor
Western Dig.
Seagate
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ATACables
ATA
Single, Master, or Slave
Single, Master, or Slave
40 conductor cable
40 pin connectors
Cable Select
Master
SlaveLine 28 cut between device connectors
40 conductor cable
40 pin connectors
ATA/66/100/133
Master
Slave
80 conductor cable
40 pin connectors
18 inch max. length
Serial ATA
“Master”
“Master”
7 pin connectors
•2 Transmit
•2 Receive
•3 Ground
1 meter max. length
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Device (HDD, etc.)
Serial ATA DeviceSignal Connector
Pin 2 - Rec (+)
Pin 6 - Trans (+)
Pin 3 - Rec (-)
Pin 5 - Trans (-)
Signal ConnectorPower Connector
Note: All contacts not labeled are ground contacts