GOVERNANCEEvolving Global

Challenges

T H E M A G A Z I N E O F S A I S E U R O P E Issue 2013

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY - PAUL H. NITZE SCHOOL OF ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL STUDIES - BOLOGNA, ITALY

Misgovernanceand Corruption

3

Is Italy Governable?

6

Security andGovernance

9

Alumni Weekend April 25-27, 2014

28

EditorOdette Boya Resta

Assistant Editor Tatiana Marot Pollard

DesignerOrazio Metello Orsini

Student writersRebecca Ben-Amou

Nic Corbett

ContributorsAmina Abdiuahab

Bulat Akhmetkarimov

Alessandra Adami

Valeria Calderoni

Gabriella Chiappini

Brittney Johnson

Linda Marion

Julia Christine Schiling

Clarissa Ronchi

Thomas Tesluk

Francesca Torchi

PhotographySabina Betti

Eikon Studio

Rivista is published periodically by

The Johns Hopkins University, Paul H. Nitze School

of Advanced International Studies, SAIS Europe.

Rivista is distributed to alumni, friends, and supporters.

The views and opinions expressed in the articles

of Rivista are those of the authors or of the editor

and do not necessarily represent the views or the

policies of The Johns Hopkins University or of SAIS.

Rivista reserves the right to edit any material

submitted.

©2013 by The Johns Hopkins University,

Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies,

SAIS Europe. All rights reserved.

On the coverPavimento del portico

di via Carbonesi, Bologna,

particolare da restaurare,

2013.

Photo by Sabina Betti

THE MAgAzINE OF SAIS EUROPE

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIvERSITy

PAUL H. NITzE SCHOOL

OF ADvANCED INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

BOLOgNA, ITALy

As hard as it is to believe, I am beginning my eighth

year as director of the Bologna Center—now SAIS

Europe at Bologna—and it will be my last. Such rites

of passage call for summing up—perhaps something less

than an assessment, but more than an annual progress

report. And the time is right for that because there are

significant changes underway, a natural and satisfying

evolution in our identity within SAIS. Let me mention just a few.

When the administration of European Studies moved to

Bologna last year, we entered a new era in the life of SAIS

as a whole. This year, through the efforts of Professors Erik

Jones and Bruce Parrott, European Studies and Russian

and Eurasian Studies have merged into a new European

and Eurasian Studies concentration, the first significant

realignment in the structure of SAIS’s array of

concentrations in many a year.

Two years ago we also established the Bologna Institute for Policy Research and,

aided by generous alumni support as well as a grant from Johns Hopkins President

Ron Daniels, it supports a range of activities which continue to grow, including a

program of scholars in residence, the presence of up to four dissertation-stage Ph.D.

students each year, and the successful use of social media to increase awareness of

SAIS, its European presence, and its contributions to the public dialogue.

A search is underway to fill the Khaduri Chair in Middle East Studies, and it’s

been agreed that the chair-holder will be resident in Bologna, taking advantage of our

proximity to the Middle East.

Just last month the Academic Board affirmed that senior faculty at Bologna should

have the same opportunity to hold academic tenure as their Washington colleagues,

an explicit recognition of the quality, permanence, and vital contribution of the

Bologna Center and its faculty to SAIS’s mission.

Our new formal name, SAIS Europe, reflects this maturation in our role as the

face of SAIS in Europe; as an entity that makes real the concept of SAIS as a global

institution and a single, integrated school. This global presence and the opportunities it

offers makes SAIS unique among schools of international affairs. Half of SAIS

students begin their education in Bologna and are exposed over two years to the

contrasting perspectives on international issues that campuses in two different political

and geographic settings can provide; half of the SAIS students studying in Bologna

come from countries other than the U.S., creating an unusually rich interchange

of ideas in each classroom as well as in every other student space.

Two different locations, two different learning environments; complementary

experiences which create synergies that no other school offers. Helping to promote

that mission and these goals have made these years for me some of the most

rewarding in my professional life.

For fifty-eight years, we have called this place the Bologna Center and so it will

always be for the more than 7,000 students who have studied here. Now the Center

has earned recognition as SAIS Europe, a natural evolution because, of course, that

is what it has always been. We can take pride in both labels.

Kenneth H. Keller Pho

to b

y S

abin

a B

etti

MESSAGE from the Director

Follow Rivista

@SAISRivista

facebook.com/SAISRivista

Table of Contents

GOVERNANCEMisgovernanceCorruption in Developing Countriesby Arntraud Hartmann

Is Italy Governable?Interview with John L. Harperby Valeria Calderoni

The Ebb of Security and GovernanceMali and the Sahel.A Conversation with Winrich Kühne by Odette Boya Resta

A Smoke of HopeAn Essay on Religionby Bulat Akhmetkarimov

BOLOGNA FEATURELiving in a Culture Not One’s Ownby Linda Marion

FACULTY News & PublicationsWhat’s New in Bologna

Recent Books and Other Publications

STUDENT VIEWCultural Chameleons in a Changing Global Landscapeby Nic Corbett

A Strategic Locationby Rebecca Ben-Amou

A Gelato Museum in Bolognaby Nic Corbett

ALUMNICari Alumni, Care Alumnae,

Elif Nazmiye Yavuz

Alumni Weekend 2013 Celebrating SAIS Europeby Francesca Torchi

Amici Converge on the UNby Thomas Tesluk

BerlinAnnual Reunion of the SAIS Alumni German Chapterby Julia Christine Schiling

I Bolognesi a Londra 2013

DEVELOPMENTThanks from SAIS Europe! by Gabriella Chiappini

How to Make a Gift to SAIS Europe

Fellowship CeremoniesSAIS Students learn thanks to donor generosity

Class Initiatives

Memorial Initiatives

3

6

9

12

14

18

20

22

24

26

28

28

29

31

32

34

36

38

39

42

44

T H E M A G A Z I N E O F S A I S E U R O P E Issue 2013

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY - PAUL H. NITZE SCHOOL OF ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL STUDIES - BOLOGNA, ITALY

Kenneth H. Keller

Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe 2

STUDENT WRITERS

Editor’s NOTE

Rebecca Ben-Amou B’13

is a second-year student at SAIS

concentrating in Strategic Studies

and studying Arabic. She has

interned for the U.S. Army War

College and LIGNET.com and

continues to pursue a career in

civil service.

Nic Corbett B’13 is a second-year

SAIS student concentrating in the

Latin American Studies Program.

A former newspaper journalist, she

spent her summer interning with

Innovations for Poverty Action

working on a midline evaluation

of an anti-poverty program near

Cusco, Peru.

The Road We’ve Taken

This year marks the 30th anniversary of Rivista and to celebrate we’ve gone digital-only!

I believe it’s important that we continue to connect with you, our readers, wherever

you may find yourselves in the world. As always we welcome feedback.

Alumni and friends may have noticed a few other changes going on in Bologna. Most

notably the ‘SAIS Bologna Center’ has been renamed ‘SAIS Europe.’ This change is

recognition of the road we’ve taken—a reinforcement of developments that have occurred

over time underscoring the significance of the presence of Johns Hopkins SAIS in Europe.

Founded in 1955 as an experiment—the very first U.S. graduate school established

in Europe—the Center has since developed into a program unique for its longevity, its

multicultural community, and its adaptability. In the immediate post-war period, the world—

and Europe in particular—was divided into two camps that would define global relations for

the next forty-five years. What better place to study the unfolding story of U.S. and Soviet

influence in Europe than in Bologna, the unofficial ‘capital’ of leftist thought in a country

aligned with the Western Bloc?

Today, a quarter of a century since the fall of the Berlin Wall, SAIS Europe continues to

evolve to prepare students for the world they will face and is a leading European center of

excellence in teaching and policy debate.

What hasn’t changed? Dedication to the academic and professional growth of students

remains at the heart of SAIS Europe. Keeping up with the needs of students in today’s fast

paced global environment requires leadership that isn’t afraid to innovate. Ken Keller has

defined his own chapter in this regard.

Innovation is any change that brings improvement to something established and

therefore creates value. Over the past eight years Keller has guided SAIS Europe through

triumphs and challenges, successfully redirecting its mission in inspired ways. An engineer,

a science and technology policy expert, with strong academic and cultural gravitas, many

signal achievements—the establishment of a research institute, the repositioning of

European and Eurasian Studies, now headquartered in Bologna, and other firsts—are due

to his ability to think big, take risks, and steer the growth of the school. The end of his

tenure as director next year will surely bring more change, and he will be greatly missed.

We cannot tread back in time, but only move ahead on the path we’ve chosen. Bologna

has taken the road less traveled by, and that has made all the difference.

OBR

“Governance is the rule of the rulers,

typically within a given set of rules.”

After wading through a dozen or so definitions,

this one by The World Bank seems sufficiently

universal to describe the theme of this issue.

Often overused as a one-size-fits-all mantra,

the term ‘governance’ is still evolving and

exploring semantic solutions, just like our world’s

governance challenges require real ones. As

editor, I hope the theme—explored from different

points of view in two interviews and in two articles

submitted by members of the SAIS academic

community—resonates with Rivista readers.

Buona lettura!

OBR

Over the last decade

increasing attention

has been paid to

the negative impacts of

corruption on growth,

development and poverty

alleviation. The most

common definition of

corruption is “the use of

public office for private

gains.” Corruption is

examined both in developing

and in developed countries,

but its impacts are considered

to be more detrimental in the

developing world. Most

research argues that

corruption reduces economic

growth, increases poverty

and inequality and

undermines the effectiveness

of aid. Two decades ago NgOs, such as Transparency

International (TI), were established to place the corruption

issue prominently on the international agenda and to

demonstrate both its prevalence and its negative impacts.

How prevalent is corruption? A key challenge is how to

measure corruption. Typically it consists of illegal activities,

and so is not easily measured. In recent years significant

progress has been made in the measurement of corruption

with perception-based indexes, such as the TI Perception

Index, or survey-based indexes. Corruption appears closely

linked to a country’s level of development. According to the

2012 TI Corruption Index, only four advanced developing

countries make the top twenty least corrupt countries:

Singapore, Hong Kong, Barbados and Chile. All other coun-

tries are highly developed countries. At the bottom of the list

are least developed countries and so-called failed states.

(Fig. 1 on p. 4)

Regrettably, in spite of all the efforts to reduce corruption,

based on indicators available there has been little progress.

Based on data published by the World Bank and gathered

from the World governance

Indicator, efforts to reduce

corruption have often been

unsuccessful. Out of 196

countries only twenty-one

(mostly Caribbean and

Balkan) showed statistically

significant improvement

since 1996, and twenty-

seven countries regressed,

leaving only fewer than a

quarter of countries around

the world with a reasonable

control over corruption. One

could argue that survey-

based indicators are not

suitable to measure changes

over time, however the stark

results give little reason to

believe that corruption has

been significantly reduced.

Why such a high level of corruption in developing countries?

There are many reasons. The general poverty of the popula-

tion is the main reason. In addition, low salaries of civil

servants make it difficult for them to make ends meet.

Institutions are too weak to provide oversight, and accounta-

bility mechanisms are missing. Additionally, corrupt political

leaders use politics to make money that they claim they

require to advance political ends or to pay for political

support. Countries with high levels of corruption often lack an

active civil society and participatory processes where corrupt

practices could be monitored and brought to public attention,

and as a result create pressure to reduce corruption.

What is the role of the private sector in corruption?

Corruption is not solely caused by bribe taking public officials.

The private sector is an important actor on the supply side.

Too many private sector firms offer or accept bribes. The level

of corruption in the private sector remains disturbingly high. It

is quite common for domestic firms and multinationals to pay

bribes in order to secure public procurement contracts. It is

also common for corporate entities to exert undue pressure to

3Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

MisgovernanceCorruption in Developing Countries

by Arntraud Hartmann

GOVERNANCE

Arntraud Hartmann

Pho

to b

y S

abin

a B

etti

influence institutions and regulations to elicit favorable invest-

ment conditions. Corporate corruption is particularly prevalent

in the extractive industry and construction sectors. But many

low-income countries, especially in Africa, depend on the

exploitation of gas, oil, and minerals. In its most extreme form,

private interests can capture political and economic systems.

In a “captured state,” competitive market forces cannot develop,

since all economic actors are captured by one interest group.

High levels of corruption and collusion between the industrial

and financial sectors were one of the reasons for the economic

failures of Indonesia’s Suharta regime.

What are the costs of corruption? The large majority of

economic research today argues that high levels of corruption

negatively impact economic growth, disproportionately harm

the poor, increase inequality, and undermine the effectiveness

of development aid. These negative impacts on economic

growth have been contested in the past. Some researchers

argued that corruption helps to “grease” the system by

speeding up decision making in typically unresponsive and

overly bureaucratic public administrations. In this view,

corruption helps to speed up investments and the allocation of

resources. The overwhelming opinion today, however, argues

that corruption is more like “sand” than “grease” for the wheels

of an economic system. Bribery tends to raise transaction

costs and uncertainty in an economy. It increases the costs

of investment and actually contributes to a misallocation of

scarce resources. Furthermore, it leads to inefficient economic

outcomes. It impedes foreign and domestic investment,

misdirects talent to rent-seeking activities, and distorts

sectorial priorities and technology choices. For example, it

creates incentives for large scale overpriced contracts, rather

than rural health clinics, where little infrastructure investment

is needed. It pushes firms underground, undercuts the state’s

ability to raise revenues and leads to ever-higher tax rates

being levied on few and fewer taxpayers.

Corruption is particularly detrimental to the poor. In the

study “voices of the Poor,” undertaken by the World Bank in

2000, where 60,000 poor were interviewed in sixty countries,

the risks associated with corruption are heard loud and clear.

For a poor household, even a small bribe can be unaffordable,

and the risk of being asked by police authorities or public

enforcement authorities for a bribe to avoid negative actions

is a constant threat to the livelihood of poor households.

Bribe paying is particularly prevalent in the allocation of public

services, especially health and education.

Findings from a seven-country study in Africa (ghana,

Madagascar, Morocco, Niger, Senegal, Sierra Leone and

Uganda) showed that 44 percent of parents surveyed had paid

illegal fees for schools that were legally free for their children. In

cities, such as Jakarta, Lima and Manila, the urban poor pay

private water retailers between five and ten times more for their

water than the rich pay for piped water. The National Household

4 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

GOVERNANCE

Source: Economist Online Dec 2, 2011

Survey in Bangladesh (2010) showed that 84 percent of the

households who had interacted with one or more different public

and private sectors or institutions have been victims of corrup-

tion. 33 percent of these people experienced corruption in

healthcare services. In Morocco a scheme was introduced to

move families from a slum to new plots of land with access to

basic services. Civil servants in charge of the move reportedly

asked for unofficial, private payments amounting to around

US$250 to receive plots of land and US$630 for a certificate of

residence. This is a third of an average yearly income. Those

who did not pay were evicted and left homeless.

What is the relationship between development aid and cor-

ruption? High levels of corruption undermine the effectiveness

of aid, but high levels of aid, provided in an imprudent manner,

frequently increase and encourage corrup-

tion. Where aid is provided to corrupt sys-

tems or corrupt leadership, it serves to feed

abuses. Then both domestic resources and

aid resources are affected. Aid provided

according to its own systems and require-

ments can weaken domestic institutions and

further undermine embryonic accountability

mechanisms. Conflict, reconstruction and

post-disaster context are particularly vulnera-

ble. Aid channeled into countries with high

levels of corruption tends to be misallocated. A significant per-

centage of aid is diverted away from intended purposes.

In the past official donors would not hesitate to provide

major funding to highly corrupt governments, such as the

Mobutu government in zaire and the Marcos government in

the Phillipines. Such extreme misgovernance in official aid by

traditional donors is increasingly rare; however in some cases

official aid continues to be provided to many developing

country governments who have questionable records on

corruption. Today there is a much stronger sensitivity to this

issue: that high and persistent levels of corruption will deepen

and prolong poverty and will make the efficient allocation of

aid resources almost impossible.

What can aid donors do to limit corruption? Most traditional

donors have focused their programs importantly on gover-

nance building and make a minimum level of good gover-

nance a precondition of aid flows. Some programs, such as

the Millennium Challenge Account, are particularly demanding

and do not support programs with particularly high levels of

corruption. They have also refocused the method of delivery

of the aid by channeling funds through non-governmental

organizations and charitable and religious institutions.

Traditional donors have focused particularly on improving

public governance and institutions. This includes in particular

the improvement of fiscal management systems with stronger

monitoring and accountability systems and civil service reforms

which often leads to fewer but better paid and more account-

able civil servants. Strengthening the judiciary is another pillar

of governance reforms. Deregulation is often important. Overly

complex legal provisions, for example in fiscal codes, building

permits, business processes, are important opportunities in

which public officials can take bribes. By making laws simpler

and more transparent, opportunities for bribe taking are

reduced. Many developing countries have put anti-corruption

laws and commissions in place, but they are often not enforced

or the commissions are not empowered to be effective. By

integrating aid processes into domestic systems while at the

same time strengthening financial accountability, the aim is to

reduce the “corruption inducing” impacts of aid giving.

Traditional donors are trying to work towards this objective

under the so-called “Paris Aid Harmonization

Agenda.” This focus, however, is only pursued

by the traditional donors. Major new donors,

such as China, an important provider of aid in

Africa, do not align their processes with

domestic systems.

A notable weakness of the anti-corruption

support agenda of donors is the overly tech-

nocratic focus on public sector management

and public sector governance building. There

is little emphasis to support structures which

“demand” a corruption free environment. An active civil society

with direct engagement and stakes, equipped with knowledge

and support, can help to create pressures to demand a reduc-

tion in corruption. For example, parents actively engaged in the

building and management of schools, equipped with knowl-

edge about their rights and supported by funding, will more

actively monitor whether school books allocated to the district

actually arrive or whether teachers show up for work or are

paid. Attendance of health personnel and availability of medi-

cine without illegal payments could be more actively monitored

through active citizen engagement. Fiscal allocations can be

better monitored if budget formulation processes are made

transparent and citizen groups are supported and empowered

to participate in and follow these processes. Some programs

provide support to such programs, but they are the exception

rather than the rule. The IT revolution provides ample opportu-

nity to make stakeholder engagement more effective and to

increase the transparency of resource allocation processes.

For example, procurement prices of goods and services can

be easily checked and compared with local conditions.

Former senior manager at the World Bank and a member

of the compliance review mechanisms of both the African

Development Bank and the Asian Development Banks,

Arntraud Hartmann B’80 is Adjunct Professor of

International Development at SAIS Europe.

5Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

GOVERNANCE

Corruption is more like

‘sand’ than ‘grease’ for the wheels of

an economic system

6 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

GOVERNANCE

Professor Gianfranco

Pasquino, in the Treccani

Encyclopedia of the Social

Sciences, notes that

governability has been

studied and analyzed only

since the 1970s when it

became a problem for many

western political systems.

He notes that governability

has been defined as

“political stability plus

effectiveness in decision

making.” Do you agree

with this definition?

Why are these components

of governability missing

in Italy?

Around the time I took Professor Pasquino’s course

on Italian politics in the late 1970s, the American

political scientist Samuel Huntington and others

were talking about a crisis of governability connected to

the apparent end of steady growth and unprecedented

“stagflation.” The theme of “democratic distemper” in the

Western world became something of an academic fad.

That definition has the advantage of simplicity, although it

begs the questions of what accounts for stability and effective-

ness. And long-term governability requires adaptability to new

conditions and the capacity to weather periods of instability—

practically the only circumstances in which it’s possible to

make virtue of necessity and carry out real reforms.

Italy faced a serious crisis of governability in the 1970s.

Anti-communist elements within the state organized a bombing

campaign (the “strategy of tension”) intended to provoke

public fear and a state of emergency. Red terrorism was born

partly as a result. Then Italy was hit hard by the oil crisis and

had to be bailed out by

germany and the IMF.

Observers often pointed to a

structural factor preventing

the electorate from “throwing

the rascals out”—the rascals

being the Christian

Democrats and their allies—

and renewing the system.

The main opposition party,

the PCI, had supposedly not

accepted democracy or

Italy’s European and NATO

commitments. This meant a

“conventio ad escludendum”

among the other parties to

exclude it from power,

backed by the United States.

But in the late 1970s,

governability (based on economic austerity and a firm line

against terrorism) was guaranteed by a temporary coalition

between the Communists and Christian Democrats.

President giorgio Napolitano has recently promoted a similar

kind of pact. The present agreement among the center-left

Partito Democratico (PD), the center-right Popolo della

Libertà (PdL), and the small centrist party led until recently

by Mario Monti has ensured a minimum of governability. But

if it lasts it could hurt the PD just as the “historic compro-

mise” undermined the popularity of the PCI thirty-five years

ago. Matteo Renzi, the rising star in the PD, recognizes this

and if, as is likely, he becomes party secretary it’s not clear

how long he’ll support participation in this kind of coalition.

In the last twenty years, twelve governments have

followed one another in Italy. Is governability a permanent

problem in Italy? Does the lack of turnover of political

elites play a role in this?

Pho

to b

y S

abin

a B

etti

John L. Harper

Is Italy Governable?Interview with John L. Harper

by Valeria Calderoni

We’re talking now about the so-called “second republic” that

emerged with the post-Cold War transformation of the PCI

and implosion of the Christian Democratic and Socialist

parties in the corruption scandals of the early 1990s. There

has been a certain turnover of elites, but in some ways the

second republic is no different from the first. The plethora of

governments suggests that basic problems are unresolved.

The parliamentary system—with its undifferentiated roles for

the camera and senato, inflated numbers of seats, and weak

executive—is still intact. There has been endless debate

about over-hauling it but little has been done partly because

of a conservative devotion to the 1948 Constitution by the

left. The French got rid of a similarly

flawed constitution in 1958.

Another legacy of history is Italy’s

deeply fractured political culture: the

kaleidoscope of ideologically and

regionally-based factions and clans.

Even Berlusconi’s charismatic leader-

ship hasn’t ensured cohesion on the

center-right, which is a hodge-podge of

free market liberals, libertarian radi-

cals, conservative Catholics, former

neo-fascists and ex-Craxi socialists. Not to mention the

separatist Lega Nord on whom Berlusconi has always

depended to govern. The fragmentation on the center-left

is equally striking, with radicals, liberal Catholics, social

democrats, die-hard communists, traditional trade-union-

ists, and ecologists clinging to their identities and agendas.

Added to this is that some magistrates are politicized—

they see themselves as taking the place of ineffectual

politicians—and the independence of the magistracy has

been strongly defended by the left. In recent years the

Milan magistrates have doggedly, although I don’t think

unfairly, gone after Berlusconi, and the PdL, backed by the

Lega, has used its power to protect him by passing ad per-

sonam laws (shortening the statute of limitations, for exam-

ple). This has taken up huge amounts of parliamentary

time and energy. So the running battle between Berlusconi

and the magistrates, which hasn’t ended even with his

definitive conviction for tax fraud, has had a devastating

effect on governability.

The inability of political parties to find an agreement

even within their own ranks brought, after the February

2013 elections, a situation of stalemate. Napolitano was

the first president to be elected for a second term after

six inconclusive ballots, while no government had been

formed seven weeks after the elections. What were the

immediate causes of this stalemate, and was the re-elec-

tion of Napolitano a good or a bad sign?

To begin with, the current electoral system makes it hard

for any alliance of parties to win the majorities in both

houses necessary for a stable government. The PD, which

many had expected to win and then govern with Monti’s

centrists, ran a poor campaign and was blind-sided by

Beppe grillo’s Movimento Cinque Stelle (M5S). Berlusconi

did better than expected because he lay low while Monti

did the fiscal dirty work, then reemerged with a burst of

energy to exploit public anger over taxes. The result was

that nobody won. Napolitano must have been appalled by

the fratricide within the PD (in April many of its electors

voted against the party’s candidates for president, includ-

ing Romano Prodi) and would be the

first to admit that his re-election was a

sign of desperation. Some commenta-

tors have talked about an emerging

presidential republic. That might be a

good thing but it would require direct

election for president and the kind of

powers wielded by U.S. or French chief

executives.

The current broad-based govern-

ment coalition led by Enrico Letta of the PD seemed to

be the only possible solution, also due to Grillo’s

refusal to form a coalition with the PD. Elsewhere, the

ability of ideologically distant parties to govern togeth-

er is considered necessary for the well-being of the

country; in Italy, many see it as a shameful inciucio, or

under-the-table deal. Why? Is the lack of confidence in

political institutions a cause or an effect of Italy’s lack

of governability? What are the prospects for the pres-

ent experiment?

A grand coalition is necessary for the time-being, but it’s

easy to see why many PD and Sinistra Ecologia Libertà

(SEL) voters find co-operation with Berlusconi’s PdL hard

to swallow after promises that nothing like that would hap-

pen. As mentioned, the last time such a deal was struck it

helped the country but ended up hurting the left. The dis-

trust of the state runs deep in Italian history and is both

cause and effect.

How long will this unnatural coalition last and what will

it accomplish? No one knows. Will a deal be struck where-

by the PdL allows a new electoral system in return for the

PD’s acceptance of constitutional reforms like a strength-

ened executive? Letta and Napolitano would like the gov-

ernment to last indefinitely. The PdL ministers loyal to the

government recently thwarted an attempt by Berlusconi

and his hard-core followers to provoke a crisis. For the

moment this strengthens Letta. But the PdL could over-

7

GOVERNANCE

Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

Long-term governability requires

adaptability to new conditions and

the capacity to weather periods of

instability

8 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

come its split, and Letta still has his Renzi problem. The

government could fall for any number of reasons in coming

months.

Will the government give a shot in the arm to the economy,

even if sustained recovery requires collective European

action? And European action doesn’t guarantee a reversal

of Italy’s economic decline, which measured in terms of per

capita income, goes back ten to fifteen years. Is it only a

coincidence that this period coincides more or less with

monetary union? I’m not sure, but in any case Italy’s loss of

competitiveness and dynamism is connected to factors

beyond the control of even the most efficient government:

globalization and the rise of the Asian economies. Since

the success of Italian democracy since 1945 has been con-

nected to unusually favorable international economic condi-

tions, there are reasons to be concerned.

In this context, what are the reasons behind the suc-

cess of Berlusconi’s party? Is he, in spite of all of his

legal issues and political history, considered by many

to be more able to deliver than the center-left coalition?

Rivers of ink have flowed on this so it’s hard to say any-

thing new. Berlusconi is a salesman in a class with P. T.

Barnum, and with the stamina of an ox. His fans, including

a large number of women, are devoted to him despite his

legal problems and serial failures to deliver on his promis-

es partly because they see him as a lion-hearted victim of

the tax collectors, the red magistrates, and the left-wing

media. Some would add, of Merkel and the European

Central Bank.

For a more historical perspective it’s interesting to

recall the anti-Fascist journalist Piero gobetti’s argument

that Fascism embodied the traditional Italian vices of retori-

ca, the tendency for posturing and seductive packaging to

replace substance; demagogismo, a susceptibility to

manipulation by clever opportunists; and cortigianeria, the

servile worship of the signore and reliance on his favors

typical of paternalistic political systems. The same vices

characterize “Berlusconismo,” in particular the last one.

The leader is surrounded by obsequious courtesans whose

careers are over when Berlusconi withdraws from politics.

Berlusconi courts his electorate by knowing what it wants

to hear, and thrives on its adulation. In this sense, he’s no

Mussolini, who, after all, wanted to make the Italians mar-

tial and disciplined.

Berlusconi panders to their individualism and disdain

for rules. And he’s no Thatcher or Alberto Fujimori, right-

wing leaders who, whatever you think of the results, were

prepared to break with the status quo. Berlusconi only

wants to be adored.

The M5S was very successful in the last elections. Its

wide electoral base is eager for transparency, partici-

pation and change, but some of its post-election choic-

es have been considered a disappointment by many.

What do you think the role of the M5S should be in the

Italian political scenario?

I think on balance M5S is a positive force because it has

decided to try to reform the system from within, and has

mobilized people who otherwise would have been disaf-

fected, or worse. I say “on balance” because grillo, like

Berlusconi, is a gifted demagogue, and his ability to stir up

a crowd is rather frightening. I hope they will keep up the

pressure on questions like public financing, excessive par-

liamentary pay and benefits, and other issues that have

alienated the public from la casta—the political class.

The question of M5S’s future brings to mind another

vice identified by gobetti: trasformismo, the process by

which opposition forces allow themselves to be co-opted or

bought off by the powers that be so that renewal becomes

impossible in the absence of major external shocks like the

world wars, and people on the fringes are attracted by vio-

lent methods.

Inevitably, some of the M5S parliamentarians will shift

allegiances, and the movement may well splinter and/or

transform itself into a more conventional party.

Are there reasons for optimism?

Rather than resort to the cliché that Italians are incredibly

resourceful, resilient and creative, I’ll point out that the

country renewed itself after 1945, coped with the political

and economic emergency of the 1970s, and brought an

unsustainable budgetary situation under control in the early

1990s—to the surprise of many. So, although the interna-

tional economic context is certainly less propitious for Italy

today than at any point since 1945, there are reasons not

to despair.

After completing her Masters Valeria

Calderoni B’11 remained in Bologna to

work as a research assistant for the

Bologna Institute for Policy Research

during its first year of activity. In 2012 she

moved to Berlin, where she is marketing

manager for Wimdu, a tourism start up.

John L. Harper is Professor of American Foreign Policy.

His book The Cold War (Oxford: Oxford University Press,

2011) was recently published in Italian as La Guerra fredda:

un mondo bilico (Bologna: Il Mulino, 2013).

GOVERNANCE

9Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

GOVERNANCE

The trafficking of drugs,

arms and even people

in West Africa and the

Sahel has risen steadily in

recent decades. Identifying

the main perpetrators and

gauging their reach is no

easy task.

Beginning in the late

1990s Latin American drug

cartels gained ground in

countries in West Africa

which suffered from

corruption and some degree

of organized crime. “It was

easy for Latin American drug

trafficking ‘pros’ to exploit

these conditions,” explains

Kühne. Europe, in close

proximity to the Sahel, is one

of the world’s largest drug

consumer markets, and

Mali and other countries in

West Africa are transit

hubs for trafficking cocaine

and cannabis to the

lucrative European market.

“10-15 percent of the

cocaine consumed in

Europe is trafficked

through West Africa,”

estimates Kühne.

“The Tuareg in Mali

and other nomadic groups

in the north of the country

have experience in trans-

Saharan trade dating back

to pre-colonial times,”

explains Kühne, “the

recent steady drift towards

The Ebb of Security and GovernanceMali and the Sahel

A Conversation with Winrich Kühne by Odette Boya Resta

It is well known that the most destabilizing threats to global security are no longerinternational power rivalries, but rather transnational threats that move easily to andfrom countries with ungoverned space. Today West Africa and the Sahel1 are regions with porous borders and a number of fragile states, where in many cases drug andarms trafficking and international terrorism create a violent and combustible situation,manifested by the recent security crisis in Mali.

A sobering example of how internal dysfunctions, corruption and layers of conflictcan accumulate among such mobile transborder actors, Mali is an omen of the type of instability that could spread throughout the entire Sahel and West Africa—a challenging test case for global governance.

Winrich Kühne, Steven Muller Professor, former member of the InternationalAdvisory Group to UN DPKO’s Lessons Learned Unit, and founding director of theCenter for International Peace Operations (ZIF) in Berlin, Germany, talked to Rivistaabout the challenges Mali and the Sahel face, and what it means for political actorsfrom West Africa, Latin America and Europe.

Pho

to b

y S

abin

a B

etti

Winrich Kühne

10 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

crime and terrorism has resulted in a

decay of governance in Mali, an incomplete

implementation of the 2006 peace treaty

with the Tuareg, and eventually its

downfall. The long-term effects have

been devastating.”

A swath of land separating the Sahara

desert from Africa's tropical forests, the

Sahel is known for its pervasive poverty,

unforgiving climate, and great diversity. The

region is home to Timbuktu in Mali, a world

commercial, intellectual and spiritual capital

of the 15th and 16th centuries.

Once hailed as a success story for

democracy and stability in Africa, in

recent years Mali has witnessed a rise

in organized crime and domestic and inter-

national terrorism. A series of watershed

regional events like the fall of gaddafi in

Libya and a coup d’état against the former

Malian president Amadou Touré last year

precipitated the crisis. The coup in Bamako

enabled first Tuareg separatist rebel

groups and later jihadists to capture vast

parts of the country. In January, France—

who ruled Mali as a colony until 1960—

responded with military action to protect

the South and to regain Northern Mali from

the Islamist and separatist rebels who had

taken control of much of the vast territory.

In April 2013, the United Nations

Security Council transformed the

previous West African-led

Stabilization Mission AFISMA in Mali

into a UN-led Chapter vII mission.

Former Dutch Development

Minister—and SAIS alumnus—

Bert Koenders B’80 was appointed

Special Representative of the

Secretary general of the new UN

Stabilization Mission in Mali

(MINUSMA). It has an authorized

strength of 11,200 military personnel

and 1,440 police officers as well as

civilian personnel. Currently, only

about 6000 have been deployed,

mostly by transforming the soldiers

of the former West African mission

into blue helmets.

According to Kühne the

challenges faced by MINUSMA go

beyond quick fixes and require managing

extremely complicated local, regional

and global dynamics. “The fact that

terrorist groups in Northern Mali received

a significant portion of their financial

support, totaling several hundred million

euros, from drug trafficking to Europe

and ransom payments for the freeing of

European hostages is virtually absent

from the debate in germany and Europe,”

asserts Kühne.

Kühne explains that the rise of AQIM

(Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb) and

later Ansar Dine (Defenders of the Faith)

and MUJAO (Mouvement pour l’Unicité et

le Jihad en Afrique de l’Ouest) has led to

kidnappings, especially of Europeans, as

a significant source of their income.

Unfortunately for the inhabitants of the

Sahel, trafficking and terrorism go hand in

hand. A number of groups such as AQIM

GOVERNANCE

If young people cannot find employment

and earn satisfactoryincome, instead

of becoming a resource,

a youth bulge becomes a

demographic problemand the large mass of frustrated youth a potential source

of social and political instability

withdrew from Algeria to Northern Mali around 2006. “The

emergence of its well-trained cadres brought a new dimen-

sion to the organized crime-terrorism nexus in northern

Mali. The AQIM leadership also encouraged its fighters to

marry into Tuareg families, knowing that in the Tuareg cul-

ture they would become part of the family and thus enjoy all

the ensuing privileges and solidarity of clan membership.”

Like many other developing countries, Mali has a youth

bulge with the overwhelming majority of young people

unemployed. This is particularly true in the North where

the population, not least the Tuareg, have suffered from a

dramatic reduction of their resources for survival through

droughts and lack of development. The recruitment

possibilities by criminal organizations are obvious in this

demographic scenario.

If young people cannot find employment and earn

satisfactory income, instead of becoming a resource, a

youth bulge becomes a demographic problem and the

large mass of frustrated youth a potential source of social

and political instability. “The population explosion Mali

experienced in recent years saw its population double

within twenty-five years—from 1987 to 2012—without the

economic growth to absorb it. Indeed, this is one of the

reasons why West Africa and the Sahel became such

fertile ground for organized, transnational crime and

Islamist terrorism,” says Kühne.

Since the military coup against Mali´s President Touré in

2012 the country has been referred to as a failed state.

According to I. William zartman, state failure occurs when

“the basic functions of the state are no longer performed,”

in other words: when governance breaks down. This

situation aptly describes the scene in Northern Mali where,

as Kühne states, “Touré, despite his remarkably democratic

vita in the 1990s and early 2000s, continued his predeces-

sors’ disastrous policy of manipulating the North’s ethnic

divisions and local criminal networks in order to control the

region—instead of integrating it into a functioning state.”

Arguably, a lack of governance, like in Mali, can only

be remedied if tackled in the context of global governance

initiatives that respond to transnational challenges—such

as organized crime and terrorism—because they go beyond

the capacity of a single state to handle them. Following this

line of argument the UN Security Council during a meeting

on peace and security in Africa last year made specific

reference to the Sahel and the importance of system-wide

action to combat the spread of drug trafficking and illicit

weapons trading in those countries facing armed conflict

and instability.

Kühne argues that while a call for such a comprehensive

and integrated approach is very much en vogue these

days, it is unrealistic. “The major regional and international

players have demonstrated time and time again that they

are, for various reasons, not able to implement such an

approach. Lack of effective coordination mechanisms is

one main reason.”

Kühne argues for a “management of diversity” approach

guided by key strategic goals that international, regional and

local actors have to agree on: the strengthening of MINUSMA

to ensure it has the vital resources and capabilities to carry

out its tasks; army and security sector reform, which is

essential to long-term stabilization; and the containment of

organized crime and terrorism.

“Do not forget the Sahel or you will have more Malis,”

Romano Prodi, UN Special Envoy for the Sahel, and former

Italian Prime Minister and President of the European

Commission, warns. Prodi has noted that Mali represents a

security and governance crisis that could be replicated across

the region. Such challenges need to be confronted by an

economic development approach that enables the Sahelians

to define concrete solutions for the region’s problems.

Observers have remarked that humanitarian efforts

in Mali appear to be well coordinated. The presidential

elections in late July, arguably premature and makeshift,

have produced a new Malian President. The victory of

Ibrahim Boubacar Keita clears the path for some $4 billion

in aid tied by donor nations to the completion of fair

elections. “In their pursuit of prompt elections, major

international donors, such as France, the U.S., germany

and the EU, and the political class in Bamako have

become strange bedfellows,” warns Kühne.

Time will tell. Now, however, is the time to begin an

inclusive political dialogue that collectively addresses the

issues of all groups in Mali—particularly those living in the

North, like the Tuareg—and those of its neighbors with a

view to peace and security. The challenges facing the

inhabitants of the Sahel remain immense.

1 The Sahel covers Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad, Burkina Faso and parts of

neighboring countries.

Sources:

- Winrich Kühne. “West Africa and the Sahel in the grip of Organized Crime

and International Terrorism – What Perspective for the UN Mission in Mali?”

Policy Briefing, Johns Hopkins SAIS and the Center for International Peace

Operations (zIF), July 2013

- Martin van vliet. “The Challenges of Retaking Northern Mali.” The CTC

Sentinel, November 2012. vol 5. Issue 11-12

- Report of the International Narcotics Control Board:

http://www.incb.org/incb/en/publications/annual-reports/annual-report-2012.html

Odette Boya Resta B’99’00

is a communications specialist and editor

of Rivista.

11Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

GOVERNANCE

12 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

A Smoke of Hope

An Essay on Religion

by Bulat Akhmetkarimov

As la fumata bianca rose from a chimney of the

Sistine Chapel on March 13, 2013, thousands gath-

ered in St. Peter’s Square to welcome the newly

elected Pope. The following week, many more across the

globe turned on their Tvs to watch the Holy Mass and listen

to the inaugural speech of Francis. In this turbulent era of

meteoric rises and falls of great worldly ideas, people were

all ears for an inspiring address that would connect with

everyone, regardless of ethnicity, citizenship or political affili-

ation. Neither the daunting prophecies of Saint Malachy nor

the skepticism of “secularization” theorists kept believers

from pondering deeply over the Pope’s calls for caring and

protecting.

Despite widespread expectations that forces of the mod-

ern world would sweep religion away by the 21st century,

religion’s influence on our lives in the age of technological

progress has proved to be much more profound and endur-

ing than was assumed a few decades ago. Today, as we

desperately seek visionary solutions to global challenges,

for many, religion remains a major source of inspiration and

hope.1 Several reasons may explain this phenomenon.

First, despite our advances in the fields of social theory,

the world we live in today is still full of pressing dilemmas

and unsolved puzzles. Academics, intellectuals, policymak-

ers as well as opinion leaders struggle to define and find a

permanent solution to the spread of nationalism, the chal-

GOVERNANCE

Pho

to b

y S

abin

a B

etti

13Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

lenges of democratization, the perils of globalization and

many other deeply important social and economic concerns.

Sometimes we blame the lack of common terminology for

hindering communication among people and delaying reso-

lution of disputes. Sometimes despite agreement on con-

ceptual frameworks, lack of implementing power prevents

us from delivering positive results.

In our lifetime, opinions ranging from the optimistic “end

of history,” symbolizing a conclusive victory of democracy

over other political systems, to the

gloomy “clash of civilizations,” warning

about potential threats to world stabili-

ty, have influenced popular thinking in

this rapidly changing universe. While

some insisted that cultural distinctions

define the fault lines between civiliza-

tions, others put forward economic or

social class as a threshold for the

meeting of minds. As contemporary

history has developed amid these con-

trasts, no theory has been able to unite

people around common humanitarian

ideals. On rare occasions alternatives

have been proposed with the goal of

filling the existing gaps, but they soon faded away and social

pressure continued to mount over the years. The Pope’s

pious message of trust and respect, therefore, appealed to

many because, in one way or another, it emphasized the

need for sympathy and mutual understanding.

Second, throughout the known history of humankind,

quite often people have relied on brutal physical force to

achieve their goals. Eventually, the notion of power took a

central place in the definition of organized political commu-

nities and the modern state. Nevertheless, while the pres-

ence of an armed authority has always been important to

maintaining basic order, it has hardly ever been sufficient to

address social problems. Today, a growing number of intel-

lectuals admit that physical force is incapable of delivering

permanent solutions for contemporary dilemmas. The

spread of freedom of choice and expression across the

globe has left no legitimate room for violence and blunt

coercion. Instead, persuasion and convincibility seem to

gradually gain ground as superior methods of addressing

mushrooming challenges.

Living amid the shifts in understanding of just what per-

suasion and convincibility might mean has challenged many

of us to think more seriously about values that may unite

the global community. In part, this explains why the past

couple of decades have seen a dramatic increase in interest

in civil society, grassroots movements and interfaith dia-

logue as agents of change in society. Such movements

have become a central issue for governments around the

world, community leaders and active citizens who want to

improve the ability of individuals, organizations and busi-

nesses to build their community’s capacity. Pope Francis’

universal call for mutual caring should only encourage those

who hold positions of responsibility in economic, political

and social life to continue seeking answers in the depths of

history and societies.

Third, dialogue between people with vastly different

worldviews is indeed vital in

today’s world, where globaliza-

tion, mass communication and

technology have pushed individu-

als and groups together in ways

never seen before in human his-

tory. Never before have we had

the ability to collect, analyze and

share information on such a

mass scale. At the same time,

arguably, never before have we

been in such despair with such a

pressing need for tolerance and

understanding. It’s no secret that

recognition of the self has always

been a key to social interactions, and true happiness, for

many of us, is still hidden in the ethical, spiritual and emo-

tional domains.

To sum up, lessons from the past have certainly taught

us that no religion alone may cure all the ills of humanity. We

have learned the hard way that religious dogmatism in some

instances can even lead to violence and war. Interfaith dia-

logue, on the other hand, carries a great potential to provide

a “win-win” solution for the parties involved. It is not our fault

that many of us today were born into a world of ethnic and

cultural amalgamations flowing beyond state boundaries, but

it is our responsibility to deliver a better world for future gen-

erations—a world with strong platforms for the discussion of

ideas and appreciation of cultural and religious diversity.

1 globally speaking, according to Toft, as of 2009, 79 percent of people

believed in god. For a detailed analysis, see Toft et al., God’s Century:

Resurgent Religion and Global Politics (New york: W. W. Norton & Company,

Inc., 2009).

Bulat Akhmetkarimov B’13 is a Ph.D.

candidate in the European and Eurasian

Studies Program. His research interests

include ethnic conflict, federalism and

interaction between religion and politics in

Eurasia. His dissertation on confessional politics in Russia

seeks to explain the dynamics of state policies toward

Islam since the Soviet collapse.

Today, as we desperately seek visionary solutions

to global challenges, for many,

religion remains a major source of inspiration

and hope

GOVERNANCE

14 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

BOLOGNA FEATURE

When I arrived at the SAIS Bologna Center in

1982, I discovered that I was ten to fifteen years

older than the other students. I had already

earned a master’s degree—in fine arts, of all things

(apparently SAIS thought my background wouldn’t impede

my study of international relations) and I had worked in an

art gallery and taught art at a local college. I had also

studied basic Italian, in hopes of visiting Italy some day, but

once I found myself in Bologna having to speak a language

I barely knew, I wondered if I had made a huge mistake.

My reason for enrolling at SAIS was to combine my

background in fine arts with international relations in order to

join the United States Information Agency (USIA) as a cultural

attaché. Even though I never made it as far as the USIA, I

eventually learned that there were equally challenging and

surprising things in store.

As an older student, I soon discovered that my worries

about not fitting in were unfounded. The multinational student

body accepted me as a peer; I eventually found a group of

close friends, with whom I still keep in touch; and I dived into

the SAIS Bologna Center experience, one which can only be

described as unique.

Two academic years later, shortly after earning my SAIS

degree following the second year in Washington, D.C., I

returned to the SAIS Bologna Center as a staff member. The

first issue of Rivista had just been published in the spring of

1983, and, as the assistant to the director of development, I

helped in the production of Rivista for the next couple of

years—that is, until my supervisor left and the magazine was

handed over to me, along with a new title: director of alumni

and public affairs and editor of Rivista. While I already had

some experience writing and editing, assuming responsibility

for the magazine still proved a steep learning curve.

The mid-80s was of course a pre-PC and email era so all

of the magazine’s text had to be typed out and then retyped

by Italian typesetters, who struggled admirably to make as

few mistakes as possible. Even so, proofreading was a

challenge, and so was having to learn Italian terminology for

My Italian sojourn proved to be the quintessential life-altering, horizon-broadeningexperience. It convinced me that the world would be a better place if everyone hadthe opportunity to live for a time in a culture not one’s own—communicating inanother language, observing and participating in local traditions, and being exposedto different values, priorities and points of view.

Living in a Culture Not One’s Ownby Linda Marion

Pho

to b

y S

abin

a B

etti

15Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

BOLOGNA FEATURE

Pho

to b

y S

abin

a B

etti

Pho

to b

y S

abin

a B

etti

16 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

publication production. By the mid-1990s, thanks to techno-

logical advances, it became possible to e-mail or download

text and photos onto a disk and whisk it off to the publisher.

Now, three decades later, Rivista is celebrating its 30th

anniversary, with its original intent intact: to reach out to

SAIS Bologna Center alumni—as well as to Johns Hopkins

administrators, local dignitaries, board members and other

supporters. It’s primary purpose was—and is—to instill a

sense of community among the school’s alumni, to keep

them engaged, to let them know about events taking place at

the school and in the various alumni chapters across Europe,

and to involve them in the Center’s future. For, without a

doubt, the best spokespersons for the value of a SAIS

Bologna Center education are its former students.

My experience as editor of Rivista proved invaluable

when I returned home to Salt Lake City, Utah in 1998. After a

bit of frantic job hunting, I was hired by the University of Utah

Alumni Association as managing editor of Continuum, the

university’s magazine, which has a circulation of almost

300,000. The previous experiences I had at the SAIS

Bologna Center in engaging with students and alumni,

interviewing professors, writing articles, conducting research

and overseeing the production of Rivista proved enormously

helpful in my new position.

One of the first articles I wrote for Continuum, as a way of

introducing myself to readers, was titled “Room for a view”

(Continuum, vol. 10 No. 4, Spring 2001), which recalled

some of the fond memories I held of Bologna and the impact

that my fifteen year sojourn at the SAIS Bologna Center had

on me personally, and on my world view:

[Some] years ago I occupied an office in Bologna, in

northern Italy (“about an hour north of Florence,” I always

explain to those who have heard of the city… but don’t know

where it is). There, my window overlooked a section of the

venerable University of Bologna... 900 years and counting.

Bologna is a city of [roughly] 500,000 inhabitants. The

city’s origins are Etruscan; the Romans followed a few

centuries later. Medieval Bologna eventually took shape atop

Roman ruins, which are invariably revealed with every

excavation. It’s no place to break a water main.

Once protected by high stone walls, the city center is

now encircled by a four-lane highway, which still acts as

protection from “foreign invaders,” only today’s disincentive

to entry is speeding cars instead of spears… Known as the

“capital of Italian cuisine,” Bologna offers fabulous food, few

tourists, friendly, if somewhat reserved, inhabitants, an

abundance of astounding works of art and architecture, and

some thirty-eight kilometers of porticoes that crisscross the

city, protecting its citizens from the elements.

Bologna is therefore the most walkable of cities, and

one of Italy’s most captivating—although few tourists know

BOLOGNA FEATURE

it, opting to invade the more high profile Florence, Rome,

and venice. Wandering through the town’s narrow side

streets is like touring a stage set constructed of timbered

and tiled porticoes, marble facades, leaning towers, terra

cotta tiled roofs, and stucco walls painted earth colors—

ochre, umber, and mauve—that radiate a ruddy glow in the

afternoon light.

From spring through fall, the air is warm and moist, yet

underneath the porticoes and inside the many basilicas, the

atmosphere is cool and tinted blue. It is a city of startling

contrasts, and almost impossible to photograph.

But photograph it, I did. My favorites are those images I

captured of the magnificent view from the Bologna Center

terrace overlooking the Due Torri and the hillside beyond. It’s

a scene that every student likely recalls with affection and a bit

of awe, which, as the years pass, re-emerges as a nostalgic

reflection on one’s year (or years) in Bologna.

Unforgettable.

As are the many friends I made there, both as a student

and as a staff member.

Apart from an abundance of memories—of Alumni

Weekends, alumni chapter gatherings in the great capitals of

Europe, penthouse receptions, evenings at La Fatica playing

briscola, fabulous Bolognese cuisine, the open air markets

that inevitably resulted in a refrigerator overstocked with

fresh fruits and vegetables, weekend bike rides into the

countryside, the neighborhood gelateria, and so many other

things—the most important insight I took away from the SAIS

Bologna Center was the sentiment I expressed in my

Continuum article, which is this:

My Italian sojourn proved to be the quintessential life-

altering, horizon-broadening experience. It convinced me

that the world would be a better place if everyone had the

opportunity to live for a time in a culture not one’s own—

communicating in another language, observing and partici-

pating in local traditions, and being exposed to different

values, priorities and points of view.

Happy 30th anniversary Rivista. And kudos to all those

who have followed for carrying on the tradition, turning the

magazine into a sleek, well-crafted publication that reinforces

the value of the SAIS Bologna Center and its highly trained

graduates who are spread around the world.

Saluti a tutti!

Linda Marion B’82,’83 received a B.F.A.

and M.F.A. from the University of Utah, and

an M.A. from The Johns Hopkins University

School of Advanced International Studies.

She retired in April 2011 and is currently

pursuing a career as an artist. Her work can be seen online

at www.lindamarion.com.

17Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

BOLOGNA FEATURE

Pho

to b

y S

abin

a B

etti

18 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

Eliot A. Cohen, Robert E. Osgood Professor of Strategic

Studies, is holding four discussions for students this

semester on the topic Shakespeare on War and Politics,

The group will review four plays by the Bard of Avon on

the themes of war and politics: Macbeth, Coriolanus, Julius

Caesar, and Richard II. “We will discover how Shakespeare

portrays the nature and consequences of the lust for power;

the tension between personal honor and soldierly discipline;

the ways in which high office deludes those who hold it; the

nature of conspiracy.”

Gary Sick, visiting Professor of Middle East Studies, has

returned this year to offer the mini series United States in

the Persian Gulf: From Outlier to Empire. The object of the

lectures is to put in context U.S. foreign policy decision-

making in the Persian gulf over a particularly tumultuous

period, and to engage in a dialogue on the subject with

SAIS students and faculty.

We will also host three visiting scholars in the spring:

Guy Lodge, Associate Director for Politics and Power,

Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR), London;

Michael Leigh, Consultant and Senior Adviser, german

Marshall Fund, Brussels, Belgium and Former Director-

general of the European Commission on Enlargement

(2006-2011); and Melvyn Leffler, Edward Stettinius

Professor of History, University of virginia.

In July the Mayor of venice, giorgio

Orsoni, named Anna Ottani Cavina

director of the Federico zeri Foundation

Scientific Committee of the Fondazione

Musei Civici di venezia. Also this year

Cavina was named member of the panel

of judges for the literary prize, Premio

Campiello.

Justin Frosini was awarded a Bocconi

University 2013 Excellence in Research

Award for his book Constitutional

Preambles. A Crossroads between

Politics and Law. In July Ebrahim Afsah,

of the University of Copenhagen,

reviewed the book in the International

Journal of Constitutional Law, the world's leading constitu-

tional law journal published by Oxford University Press.

Arntraud Hartmann was appointed for

a five-year term to a three-member

panel of experts of the Internal Review

Mechanism of the African Development

Bank (AfDB). She is also a member of

the compliance review mechanism of the

Asian Development Bank (ADB). This

year Hartmann was appointed senior fellow at the European

Research Centre for Anti-Corruption and State-Building in

Berlin and is visiting professor at the Hertie School of

governance in Berlin.

In August Erik Jones was keynote

speaker at the Alpbach European Forum

2013 - Political Symposium in Alpbach in

Austria.

In June Hanns W. Maull joined the

german Institute for Security and

Foreign Relations in Berlin, germany’s

foremost foreign and security policy

think tank, as senior distinguished fellow.

Gianfranco Pasquino spent last

November and December at the

Transatlantic Academy in Washington,

D.C.

Stefano Zamagni was awarded the

international Economy and Society

book prize from the Centesimus Annus

Foundation this year. In 2013 he

became a member of the Pontifical

Academy of Social Sciences and

president of the Italian Observatory

for Family Policies.

What’s New in Bologna

FACULTY News & Publications

Weary Policeman:

American Power in an Age

of Austerity

Dana H. Allin and Erik

Jones, co-authors

The International Institute for

Strategic Studies (IISS),

2012

Machiavelli on

International Relations

Marco Cesa, editor

Oxford University Press,

forthcoming 2014

Democrazia rappresentativa

e referendum

nel Regno Unito

Justin Frosini, co-editor

Maggioli, 2012

The Extraterritorial Effects

of Legislation and Policies

in the EU and U.S.

By Justin Frosini

European Parliament, 2012

Immigrazione, Diritto

e Diritti: profili internaziona-

listici ed europei

Marco gestri, co-editor

CEDAM, 2012

Globalisation of Natural

Gas Markets

Manfred Hafner, co-author

Claeys & Casteels, 2013

A New Architecture for EU

Gas: Security of Supply

Manfred Hafner, co-author

Claeys & Casteels, 2012

La Guerra fredda:

un mondo bilico

by John L. Harper

Il Mulino, 2013

Oxford Handbook on the

European Union

Erik Jones, co-editor

Oxford University Press,

2013

Constitutional Secularism

in an Age of Religious

Revival

Susanna Mancini, co-editor

Oxford University Press,

2013

Un affare di donne.

L'aborto tra libertà eguale

e controllo sociale

by Susanna Mancini

Padua, Cedam, 2013

Zhong Mei Ou Guanxi:

Goujian Xin de Shijie Zhixu

by Hanns W. Maull

World Affairs Press, 2012

Finale di partita. Tramonto

di una Repubblica

by gianfranco Pasquino

Unibocconi, 2013

Quarant'anni di Scienza

Politica in Italia

by gianfranco Pasquino

Il Mulino, 2013

The Emergency State

(paperback edition)

by David Unger

Penguin/verso, 2013

Handbook on the

Economics of Reciprocity

and Social Enterprise

Stefano zamagni, co-editor

E. Elgar, 2013

Impresa Responsabile

e Mercato Civile

by Stefano zamagni

Il Mulino, 2013

19Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

FACULTY News & Publications

20 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

FACULTY News & Publications

Other Faculty Publications

‘Imperfect Substitutes for Perfect Complements: Solving the

Anticommons Problem’ by Matteo Alvisi and Emanuela

Carbonara, Bulletin of Economic Research 65 (3),

Wiley-Blackwell, 2013

‘National Treatment under the TBT Agreement’ by

Arthur Appleton in A. Kamperman Sanders (ed.) The

Principle of National Treatment in International Economic

Law, Trade, Investment, and Intellectual Property, University

of Maastricht / Edward Elgar, forthcoming 2013

‘Conformity Assessment’ by Arthur Appleton in M.

Trebilcock and T. Epps (eds.) The TBT Handbook, Edward

Elgar, forthcoming 2013

‘Product Labelling 15 years On: The Role of the Judiciary’ by

Arthur Appleton in M. Cremona, P. Hilpold, N. Lavranos, S.

Schneider and A. ziegler (eds.) Reflections on the

Constitutionalisation of International Economic Law - Liber

Amicorum Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann: Essays in Honour of

Professor Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann, European University

Institute, BRILL, 2013

‘Forum Selection in Trade Litigation’ by Arthur Appleton,

ICTSD Programme on International Trade Law, Issue Paper

No. 12, International Centre for Trade and Sustainable

Development, 2013

‘The Landscape of the Macchiaioli. A Path towards the

Modern’ by Anna Ottani Cavina in Journal of Modern Italian

Studies 18 (2), Brown University, 2013

‘Are you Doing your Part? veterans’ Political Attitudes, and

Heinlein’s Conception of Citizenship’ by Tyson Chatagnier in

Armed Forces & Society, Sage Publications, forthcoming

‘Teaching the Enemy: The Empirical Implications of

Bargaining under Observation’ by Tyson Chatagnier in the

Journal of Conflict Resolution, Sage Publications, forthcoming

‘Defining Borders and People in the Borderlands: EU

Policies, Israeli Prerogatives and the Palestinians’ by

Raffaella A. Del Sarto in Journal of Common Market

Studies, forthcoming 2014

‘Israel and the European Union: Between Rhetoric and

Reality’ by Raffaella A. Del Sarto in C. Shindler (ed.) Israel

and the World Powers, IB Tauris, forthcoming 2013

‘A vision for a Future Triangle of growth: gCC-North Africa-

EU: Elaborating a New Paradigm for the Regional Energy

Transition after the Arab Spring’ by Manfred Hafner (with

Simone Tagliapietra) in R. Ferroukhi and g. Luciani (eds.)

The Political Economy of Energy Reform: the Clean

Energy/Fossil Fuel Balance in the Gulf States, gerlach, 2013

‘A New Euro-Mediterranean Energy Roadmap for a

Sustainable Energy Transition in the Region’ by Manfred

Hafner (with Simone Tagliapietra) in Policy Brief of the

Energy and Climate Section of the EU Funded Research

Project MEDPRO (Mediterranean Foresight analysis), 2013

‘The European Union and Private Military and Security

Contractors: Existing Controls and Legal Bases for Further

Regulation’ by Marco Gestri in C. Bakker and M. Sossai

(eds.) Multilevel Regulation of Military and Security

Contractors: The Interplay between International, European

and Domestic Norms, Hart, 2012

‘A Shift in Mood: The 1992 Initiative and Changing U.S.

Perceptions of the European Community, 1988-1989’ by

Mark Gilbert in K.K. Patel and K. Weisbrode (eds.)

European Integration and the Atlantic Community,

Cambridge University Press, 2013

‘Constructing Europe’ by Mark Gilbert in European History

Quarterly, January 2013

‘E.H. Carr: Changing the Intellectual Milieu’ by Mark Gilbert

in A. L. Knudsen and K. gram-Skjolager (eds.) Living

Political Biography: Narrating 20th Century European Lives,

Aarhus University Press, 2013

‘Mario Monti and Italy's generational Crisis: Rome's

Economic Solutions Don't Solve Its Political Problems’ by

Mark Gilbert in Foreign Affairs, Council on Foreign

Relations, February 14, 2012

‘The EU Security Role in Chad and the Central African

Republic’ by Winrich Kühne in A. Adebajo and K. Whiteman

(eds.) The EU and Africa—From Eurafrique to Afro-Europa,

C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd., 2012

‘West Africa and the Sahel in the grip of Organized Crime and

International Terrorism - What Perspective for the New UN-

Mission in Mali?’ by Winrich Kühne Policy Paper, zIFBerlin

(Center for International Peace Operations) and Johns

Hopkins University SAIS Washington/Bologna, August 2013

‘zwanzig Jahre robuste Friedenseinsätze – eine zwischenbilanz’

by Winrich Kühne in Vereinte Nationen 1, 2013

‘From the Struggle for Suffrage to the Construction of a

Fragile gender Citizenship: Italy 1946-2009’ by Susanna

21

Mancini in B. Rodriguez-Ruiz and R. Rubio-Marin (eds.)

Women's Suffrage in Europe, Brill, 2012

‘Patriarchy as the Exclusive Domain of the Other: The veil

Controversy, False Projection and Cultural Racism’ by

Susanna Mancini in International Journal of Constitutional

Law 2, 2012

‘Secession and Self-Determination’ by Susanna Mancini in M.

Rosenfeld and A. Sajo (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of

Comparative Constitutional Law, Oxford University Press, 2012

‘Unveiling the Limits of Tolerance. Comparing the Treatment

of Majority and Minority Religious Symbols in the Public

Sphere’ by Susanna Mancini (with Michel Rosenfeld) in L.

zucca and C. Ungureanu (eds.) Law, State and Religion in

the New Europe, Cambridge University Press, 2012

‘The European Union as Civilian Power: Aspirations,

Potential, Achievements’ by Hanns W. Maull in R. Ross,

Ø. Tunsjø, z. Tuosheng (eds.) US-China-EU Relations –

Managing the New World Order, Routledge, 2010

(published also in Chinese)

‘german Foreign Policy: From “Civilian Power” to “Trading

State”?’ by Hanns W. Maull in S. Colvin (ed.), The

Routledge Handbook of Contemporary German Culture and

Politics, Routledge, forthcoming

‘Italian Presidents and their Accordion: Pre-1992 and Post-

1994’ by Gianfranco Pasquino in Parliamentary Affairs,

October 2012

‘Non-partisan governments Italian-style: Decision-making and

Accountability’ by Gianfranco Pasquino (with Marco

valbruzzi) in Journal of Modern Italian Studies, December 2012

‘ASEAN’s New Frontiers: Integrating the Newest Members

into the ASEAN Economic Community’ by Richard Pomfret,

Asian Economic Policy Review 8(1), 2013

‘The Economic Future of Central Asia’ by Richard Pomfret in

The Brown Journal of World Affairs 19(1), Fall/Winter 2012

‘Exchange Rate Policy and Regional Trade Agreements’ by

Richard Pomfret (with victor Pontines) in R. Baldwin, M.

Kawai and g. Wignarajan (eds.) The Future of the World

Trading System: Asian Perspectives, www.voxeu.org/con-

tent/future-world-trading-system-asian-perspectives, 2013

‘Le passage à l’économie de marché des années 1990: des

performances contrastées’ by Richard Pomfret in M. Laruelle

and S. Peyrouse (eds.) Eclats d’Empire: Asie Centrale,

Caucase, Afghanistan, Librairie Arthème Fayard, 2013

‘Resource-rich Transition Economies’ by Richard Pomfret in

P. Hare and g. Turley (eds.) Handbook of the Economics

and Political Economy of Transition, Routledge, 2013

‘Sub-regional zones and ASEAN Economic Community’ by

Richard Pomfret (with Sanchita Basu Das) in S. Basu Das,

J. Menon, R. Severino and O. Lal Shrestha (eds.) The

Asean Economic Community: A Work in Progress,

Singapore, 2013

‘Turkmenistan after Turkmenbashi’ by Richard Pomfret in J.

Ahrens and H.W. Hoen (eds.) Institutional Reform in Central

Asia, Routledge, 2013

‘How to Decarbonize the Transport Sector?’ by Bob van der

Zwaan (with Filip Johnsson and Ikka Keppo) in Energy

Policy, forthcoming 2013

‘Potential for Renewable Energy Jobs in the Middle East’ by

Bob van der Zwaan (with Lachlan Cameron and Tom

Kober), Energy Policy 60, 2013

‘The Role of Nuclear Power in Mitigating Emissions from

Electricity generation’ by Bob van der Zwaan in Energy

Strategy Reviews 1, 2013

Europe and Islam

Erik Jones and Saskia van Genugten

(co-editors), Special Issue of The

International Spectator 48 (1),

Routledge, 2013

‘Secularism and Islam: The Theological

Predicament’ by Olivier Roy

‘EU Foreign Policy and Political Islam:

Towards a New Entente in the Post-Arab Spring Era?’

by Timo Behr

‘The French Debate on National Identity and the Sarkozy

Presidency: A Retrospective’ by Jonathan Laurence and

Gabriel Goodliffe

‘Muslim Organisations and Intergenerational Change in

germany’ by Dirk Halm

‘Muslims in Italy: The Need for an “Intesa” with the Italian

State’ by Karim Mezran

‘The Netherlands and Islam: In Defence of Liberalism and

Progress?’ by Saskia van Genugten

‘Islam and the Muslim Communities in the UK:

Multiculturalism, Faith and Security’ by Catherine Fieschi

and Nick Johnson

‘Identity, Solidarity, and Islam in Europe’ by Erik Jones

‘An Encouraging Account of Muslim Integration in Europe’

by Sanam Vakil

‘The Mission of a Mosque’ by Camille Pecastaing

Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

FACULTY News & Publications

22 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

For some Johns Hopkins SAIS Europe students, the

concept of home is not easily defined. Ask Austrian-

yemeni International Development concentrator

Karim Bin-Humam B’13 where he’s from, and he’ll reply

“good question.” Pose the same query to yasmin Anis B’13,

an Egyptian-Turkish student concentrating in Conflict

Management, and silence fills the air. “That’s what I do. I

pause for a really long time,” she says, “the way I was

brought up, moving around, allows you to adapt easier to all

places, but it makes you feel like you don’t really belong to

any one place.”

Yasmin

Born in the United Arab Emirates to enterprising parents

in the hotel industry, yasmin spent her formative years in

countries spanning three continents, bouncing back and

forth between the homes of each parent, whose careers

sometimes separated them by thousands of miles. “They

both wanted to become general managers,” yasmin says.

“There’s only one general manager per hotel so they were

unable to work in the same place.”

Before she was a year old, yasmin’s family moved to

Cairo, and a year later to Basra, Iraq, where her father

worked until they had to evacuate at the start of the war

with Kuwait.

For her first few years, yasmin lived by the Red Sea in

Hurghada, Egypt. At five, she moved again when her mother

took a job in Beijing. yasmin flew so frequently between

Cairo and Beijing as an unaccompanied minor she was well

known among the flight attendants of Singapore Airlines.

At ten, she moved back to Egypt and lived in Alexandria with

her father for a year. Following this she spent two years back

in the UAE, with her mother.

yasmin went to high school in zimbabwe, where her

father ran a hotel. She attended college at American

University in Washington, D.C., majoring in International

Studies with minors in Psychology and Chinese and a

regional focus in Africa. She spent her junior year studying in

ghana. Because she traveled regularly to Egypt to visit family,

yasmin mostly identifies with Egyptian culture, but not entirely.

“I take a bit of each country I live in with me,” yasmin

says, “and reject the stuff I don’t like.”

Karim

Although Karim is a citizen of yemen and Austria, he has

never lived in either country. His parents’ UN careers took

him and his sister around the world. They lived in Nigeria,

New york City, Sri Lanka, Syria and Jordan, and then

returned to New york, where Karim finished high school. He

went on to study mechanical engineering at Tufts University

in Boston.

Over the years Karim’s experience has shaped his per-

spective on new countries and cultural environments.“There’s

no one culture I identify with most,” he says. “Often it seems

like it’s the culture I happen to be living in at a particular

moment, sometimes not. Some cultures have been easier,

and others more difficult for me to adjust to, but overall, each

culture has elements you can relate to, if you're open.”

Out in the World

yasmin, who is concentrating in Conflict Management at

SAIS, witnessed firsthand the Arab Spring revolution in

Egypt. She gathered with demonstrators at Tahrir Square

twice before seeking refuge at a relative’s house outside the

center of Cairo.

“It started getting violent,” she said. “When security forces

in Tahrir Square saw us with our phones, they’d want to take

them and smash them. The security forces were becoming

alarmed. They didn’t know how to control the people.”

Like yasmin, Karim was also inspired by the events of

the Arab Spring to study International Relations, with a focus

on the Middle East. He was working in Ramallah, West Bank

when the revolution in Egypt happened.

“When Hosni Mubarak fell, I was in the West Bank, and it

was pure euphoria,” he says. “Everybody was out in the

streets. Having lived in the Middle East for so many years, I

noted there was consensus: ‘Nothing will ever change in this

region; we just don’t have it in us to make it happen.’

STUDENT VIEW

Cultural Chameleons in a Changing Global Landscapeby Nic Corbett

23

But after that seismic event,” he says, “even the most cynical

person was an idealist for a day.”

This summer, Karim went back to Ramallah to intern

at global Communities, where he worked on the Local

government and Infrastructure Program, which aims to

improve the lives of Palestinians by building local gover-

nance capacity.

“The internship tied into my career goals perfectly,” he

says, “that is, improving governance practices in developing

countries, particularly in the Middle East. I could also see

myself specializing in targeting corruption.”

yasmin, too, has also worked with NgOs. Before coming to

SAIS, she worked at the “I, the Egyptian” Foundation, or Ana

El-Masry, in Cairo on community development, rehabilitation for

at-risk children and microfinance. She was also an intern in

New york City at Onevoice, working on the Israeli-Palestinian

conflict. This summer she interned in Liberia with the

Accountability Lab, an organization started by SAIS alumnus

Blair glencorse B’03 that works to create innovative tools for

accountability and transparency in Nepal and Liberia. News of

the ousting of Hosni Mubarak and then Mohamed Morsi

stirred in yasmin the desire to be back in Egypt.

“We are living in a time of continuous change,” she says.

“At times, I find it a challenge to reconcile what we are being

taught at SAIS with fast-paced developments on the ground.

In my own country, things are changing so fast that the term

paper I wrote on the new Egyptian constitution a few months

ago no longer applies today.”

Karim’s peripatetic childhood may make it easier for him

to connect quickly with people, more than just superficially,

he explains. His career goal is to better people’s lives, not

necessarily to “make rank” or “be successful.”

“In some ways I'm surprised at how much of an academic

endeavor ‘international development’ can be to people at a

school like ours.

“We often miss the point that there are real people, real

lives affected by the issues that we write about in our

papers,” he argues, “and while keeping an analytical eye on

developments is important to determine what is effective and

what is not, analysis in and of itself has never changed a fact

on the ground. I think my background has helped me to

maintain that perspective.”

Nic Corbett B’13 is a second-year SAIS student concentrating

in the Latin American Studies Program. A former newspaper

journalist, she spent her summer interning with Innovations

for Poverty Action working on a midline evaluation of an

anti-poverty program near Cusco, Peru.

Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

STUDENT VIEW

Pho

to b

y N

ic C

orbe

tt

Yasmin Anis and Karim Bin-Humam

24 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

No one can argue with the advantage of a strategic

location. The proximity of SAIS Europe to companies,

governments, NgOs and international organizations

in Europe gives students a leg up in finding post-degree

employment. Each year students attend career trips around

the continent with SAIS Europe’s career services program or

organize excursions of their own.

Traditionally, trips haven’t focused on defense or

intelligence-related professional opportunities, but last

year’s group of Strategic Studies students decided it was

time for a change. By pooling resources and connections,

they organized an expedition concentrating on strategic

studies with visits to select defense and military installations

in Europe.

Ann Dailey B’13 coordinated the trip with guy “Bo” Friddell

B’13. Students from several academic concentrations,

including Strategic Studies, Middle East Studies, European

and Eurasian Studies, Energy Resources and Environment,

and American Foreign Policy, visited professionals working

at the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and

Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE)

located in Brussels and Mons respectively, as well as the

United States European Command (EUCOM) and United

States African Command (AFRICOM) in Stuttgart, germany.

Discussions during meetings were not only helpful to

students seeking career advice but also complemented what

they were learning in the classroom. At NATO headquarters,

students participated in a number of meetings about public

diplomacy and the U.S. Mission to NATO as well as topic-

specific conversations with the Director of NATO-Russia and

NATO-Ukraine and the Director of Arms Control. Firsthand

accounts from staff, some of whom are SAIS alumni, proved

revealing. They offered insight into what it would be like to

work for the organization and what future key issues will be.

STUDENT VIEW

A Strategic Locationby Rebecca Ben-Amou

From left: Jared Metzker, David Vaino, Charles Ludwig, Guy “Bo” Friddell, Guli Du, Ann Dailey, Elisabeth Reed, Rebecca Ben-Amou, Benjamin Locks, Jory Bentley, Eliasz Krawczuk, Stephen Crosse

25

Discussion focused on how decisions are made, priority

areas, the changing role of the NATO alliance and its

enlargement.

At SHAPE students gained a deeper understanding of

how the various military forces of NATO work together

towards a common goal. They met with representatives from

the public affairs office, the human resources department

and the EU liaison department. Through these meetings they

learned how NATO coordinates its efforts with the EU and

how SHAPE communicates NATO goals to the rest of the

world.

After two jam-packed days in Belgium, students moved

on to Stuttgart, germany to visit the headquarters of

EUCOM and AFRICOM. Once again, thanks to the wide

network students tapped into, they managed to participate

in meetings and discover more about the American military

in Europe.

At EUCOM, students met with the head of intergovern-

mental liaison directorate, the public affairs office, the

george C. Marshall Center liaison, the head of EUCOM

intern coordination and the chief of Black Sea/Eurasia policy.

At AFRICOM, students met with a multitude of

representatives: intergovernmental liaison directorate, chief

of policy planning, chief of human resources and manpower

directorate, intelligence/knowledge development office,

public affairs office, strategic communications office and

the State Department liaison. According to insiders the

command has recently been focusing on issues involving

terrorist activities from groups like Al-Qaeda in the Islamic

Maghreb, Boko Haram, Al-Qaeda in Eastern Africa and

other smaller sub-groups across the continent. In addition,

students learned that AFRICOM’s main mission is to deter

violent extremism, promote regional cooperation and

develop crisis response and contingency operations.

The March Strategic Studies career trip was much

more than a chance to explore more of Europe, meet

alumni and sightsee. It was a chance for students to get

first-hand information about professional opportunities with

organizations throughout Europe and an inside look at the

issues and decisions they are confronting. Organizer Ann

Dailey comments, “Student-led trips offer greater flexibility

and allow students to tailor meetings to their interests.

This enables them to build more meaningful relationships

with employers and expands the SAIS network for future

classes.”

Rebecca Ben-Amou B13’ is a second-year student at SAIS

concentrating in Strategic Studies and Arabic. She has

interned for the U.S. Army War College and LIgNET.com

and continues to pursue a career in civil service.

Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

STUDENT VIEW

At NATO Headquarters in Brussels, Belgium March 4, 2013

26 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

When you enter the cavernous exhibition room of

the gelato Museum Carpigiani in Anzola Emilia

outside of Bologna, you immediately notice a wall

covered in quotes in English and Italian. They are phrases

about frozen delicacies from novels and by famous people.

A line from Madame Bovary refers to a character in ecstasy

as she consumed the treat. “She was eating maraschino ice

that she held with her left hand in a silver-gilt cup, her eyes

half-closed, and the spoon between her teeth.”

The exhibit features original equipment, historical images,

and multimedia and walks visitors through the origins and

history of gelato, starting from—believe it or not—the bronze

age of Mesopotamia. The museum’s eponyms, however, are

straight out of the 20th century. Bruto Carpigiani designed an

ice cream machine called an autogelatiera just before he died

in 1945, and the following year his brother Poeri founded the

company that produces the machines. Today Carpigiani

equipment is exported around the world. In 2003, the company

founded a gelato school to train entrepreneurs and in the fall

of 2012 opened the gelato museum. Last year, the company

STUDENT VIEW

A Gelato Museumin Bolognaby Nic Corbett

27

began exporting Italian-style artisan gelato-

making lessons through training seminars held

in Dubai, São Paulo and Kuala Lumpur.

“The museum agrees in principle with

Carpigiani's main mission, that is, to spread

the culture of artisanal gelato worldwide,” says

valentina Righi, vice president of the Bruto

and Poerio Carpigiani Foundation. “The

gelato Museum aims to be a source of infor-

mation for artisanal gelato makers around the

world who want to make their customers

aware of the difference between the fresh

product and the industrial one.”

One thing is clear from the museum’s

history exhibit: shrb, the predecessor of sorbet

in the Middle Ages, was a fundamental step

in spreading the gelato gospel. Shrb was a

sugary syrup prescribed by Arab apothecaries

that would later be used to flavor sorbets.

Sorbet was initially only enjoyed in royal

courts and monasteries, but, according to the

museum, its democratization would come in

1686 when Francesco Procopio Cuto of Sicily

opened his sorbet shop Le Procope in Paris.

New kinds of gelato were developed in

Florence in the 16th century during the time

of the Medici dynasty. By the 1800s, gelato

street vendors were common in Europe and

America.

At the museum’s gelato Lab SAIS students

learned about the artisanal gelato and sorbet

making trade. Makoto Irie, the instructor,

demystified the process explaining how to

obtain the precise proportions of sugar,

melon, water, dextrose and stabilizer to create

melon sorbet and then mix them into the

original Carpigiani machine. She selected

volunteers to spoon the sorbet out of the

machine, and everyone was treated to a

serving, their eyes half-closed with delight.

Nic Corbett B’13 is a second-year SAIS

student concentrating in the Latin American

Studies Program. A former newspaper

journalist, she spent her summer interning

with Innovations for Poverty Action working

on a midline evaluation of an anti-poverty

program near Cusco, Peru.

Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

STUDENT VIEW

Carpigiani vehicle carrying a soft serve machine at the Bologna fairgrounds, 1958. Photo courtesy of the Bruto and Poerio Carpigiani Foundation

Pho

tos

by N

ic C

orbe

tt

In September Elif Nazmiye Yavuz B’03,’04 was among

more than sixty people killed in the terror attack by mili-

tants at the Westgate shopping mall in Nairobi, Kenya.

A Dutch citizen of Turkish heritage, Elif was working on

malaria research in Africa for the Clinton Foundation. She

and her partner Australian architect Ross Langdon, who

was also killed in the attack, were expecting a baby.

At SAIS Elif earned an M.A. degree with a concentration

in European Studies. After SAIS, she worked for the World

Bank before attending the Harvard School of Public Health,

where she carried out her dissertation on malaria in East

Africa before joining the Clinton Foundation.

President Bill Clinton said in a released statement: “Elif

devoted her life to helping others, particularly people in

developing countries suffering from malaria and HIv/AIDS.”

Dean vali Nasr in a recent message to the SAIS alumni

community remarked “we must remain steadfast and pure

in our commitment to the study of energy, health, conflict

and many other important challenges we face as a global

community. In that way we can honor not only Elif, but also

the countless others who stand shoulder-to-shoulder with

you in shaping tomorrow’s world.”

Elif was known for her compassion and ability to inspire

others. She will be deeply missed by all who knew her. SAIS

has lost an unforgettable member of its community and

mourns the loss of so many other lives at the Westgate mall.

Elif’s life and legacy will be celebrated at a memorial

service on Saturday, November 16th at 10:00 am at the

Princeton Club in New york City, 15 West 43rd Street,

between 5th and 6th Avenues. The invitation is open to all

who wish to gather to remember Elif. R.S.v.P. to Camilo

Tellez B’03,’04.

To learn about the initiative in Elif’s memory, please see

article on page 44.

28 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

It’s always a pleasure to see our alumni communities grow and thrive. We are proudthat you stay connected in so many European countries including Austria, Belgium,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom.

Traditional events such as Alumni Weekend in Bologna, Amici di Bologna inNew York, the Annual German Alumni Meeting in Berlin and I Bolognesi a Londrahave been regular appointments for SAIS alumni throughout the year. But so havethe monthly meetings in Austria and Belgium, and the smaller events and activitiesaround Europe. All of these gatherings demonstrate the involvement of our alumni,each of whom is part of a real community.

Connect with SAIS alumni communities: learn about upcoming events andparticipate in alumni activities in Europe by contacting the SAIS Europe Alumni Office.

See you next year at Alumni Weekend in Bologna on April 25-27, 2014.A presto!

ALUMNI

Cari Alumni, Care Alumnae,

Elif Nazmiye Yavuz

29Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

ALUMNI

Class of 1963 celebrating the 50th anniversary

Friday evening Panel Discussion: from left Elena Panaritis B’90,’91,

Michael G. Plummer B’82, Arntraud Hartmann B’80 and Thóra Arnórsdóttir B’03,’04

Friends from the Class of 2008: Mary Ramsey, Bob Miller, Chad Miner and Jeremy Ventuso

Friday night, cocktail on the Abernethy Terrace at SAIS Europe, Bologna Center

Pho

tos

by E

ikon

Stu

dio

In 2013 about 400 alumni got together at via Belmeloro 11

to commemorate their SAIS experience. At this year’s

Alumni Weekend the classes of 1958, 1963, 1968, 1973,

1978, 1983, 1988, 1993, 1998, 2003 and 2008 all celebrated

their Bologna class anniversary. The Class of 2003 was

represented by more than sixty members for its 10th

anniversary, and the Class of 2008 by almost eighty for its

5th. Friday evening, after Director Keller’s warm welcome

to alumni, Elena Panaritis B’90,’91, Thóra Arnórsdóttir

B’03,‘04 and Arntraud Hartmann B’80 participated in

Coping with the Crisis, a lively roundtable moderated by

Michael g. Plummer B’82.

On Saturday the members of the Class of 1963 received

a gift from the school, a special recognition certificate of their

Bologna class 50 year anniversary. The Bologna Center

Journal of International Affairs, a student-run publication,

gave a presentation, which was followed by the morning's

main event, a discussion panel about revisions in world

politics with BC Journal students and moderated by

Professor David C. Unger.

This year’s Alumni Back to Class sessions covered a

wide range of issues: Machiavelli's Prince after 500 Years

with Marco Cesa, Brazil as Regional Power: What Do Brazil's

Neighbours Think? with Mahrukh Doctor B’89, ‘90, Weary

Policeman: American Power in an Age of Austerity with Erik

Jones B’89, ’90, PhD’96, From Private Leverage to Public

Debt Crisis: Lessons for the World Economy and its Banker

with Filippo Taddei and Is the EU still Willing to Promote

Industry? with vera Negri zamagni.

Alumni enjoyed the wonderful view of San Luca and the

Due Torri from the Abernethy terrace during the cocktail and

lunch organized by SAIS Europe. The three-day event came

to an end with Sunday morning tours of local attractions such

as Palazzo Fava and the New International Museum of

Music.

In 2013 we had record alumni attendance. Our thanks go

out to all the alumni who traveled to Bologna for the event—

as usual, it was their participation in all of the formal and

informal festivities that made the weekend so special and

unique.

view photos from the 2013 event.

Alumni Weekend 2013 Celebrating SAIS Europeby Francesca Torchi

30 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

ALUMNI

Alumni Weekend2014Save the Date April 25-27Bologna, Italy

59 th

1955

2014

Kenneth Anye B’08,’09

Seth Arenstein B’83,’84

Bartosz Augustyniak B’08,’09

Stefania Benaglia B’08,’09

Jeremy Bowen B’83,’86

Karen Brown B’73,’74

Wolfgang Buchner B’73

Christopher Cantelmi B’93,’94

Clinton Carter B’03,’04

Filippo Chiesa B’08,’09

Conor Clyne B’03,’04

Daniel Daley B’88,’89

Michael Darling B’08

Mafalda De Avelar B’03,’04

Reneta Dimitrova B’08,’09

Jana Dorband B’03,’04

Elijah Duckworth-Schachter B’93,’94

Henner Ehringhaus B’63,’64

gerald Charles Fitzgerald B’63

Martin Fraenkel B’83,’84

John gans B’08, ’09

Aart geens B’08,’09

Blair glencorse B’03,’04

Brad glosserman B’83,’84

Nicole goldstein B’08,’09

Jaume guardans B’93

Jennifer Hunnewell B’93,’94

Mathias Huter B’08,’09

Dara Iserson B’08,’09

Francis Jacobs ’73,’74

Thomas Jetter B’83

Laura Johnston B’93,’95

Natalie Kempkey B’08,’09

Eric Kessler B’08,’09

Scott Kleinberg B’88,’91

Martina Klenner-Auvillain B’03

Christine Knudsen B’93,’94

Rajiv Kochar B’93,’94

Erik Kooijmans B’82,’83

Bastiaan Körner B’66

Edith Laszlo B’96,’97

georg Lennkh B’63

Jaime Levine B’93,’99

Christopher Lewis B’08,’09

Jennifer Linker B’03,’04

Ellen Liu B’03,’04

Ryan Marshall B’08,’09

Angela Mazer Marshall B’08,’09

Jacqueline Mazza B’83,’84, Ph.D.’98

Hanna McCloskey B’08

Kate McNulty B’08,’09

Antonio Missiroli B’93

Bernardo Monzani B’03,’04

Henrique Mota B’83

Andrew Natenshon B’03,’04

Klas Nyman B’93

Malka Older B’03,’04

Jan Panek B’93,’94

Claire Pierangelo B’83,’84

grazina Raguckaja B’08

Joseph Richardson B’03,’04

Jonathan Rosen B’08,’09

Justine Rubira B’03,’04

William Saab B’08,’09

Natasha Sachs B’08

Burcu San B’93

Elvira Sánchez Mateos B’88,’89

gunther Seibert B’63

Thomas Seidner B’08,’09

Megan Sheehan B’08,’09

Frank Spellerberg B’83

Marcos vaena B’03,’05

Frederik van Hogendorp B’73

Peter van Krieken B’73

gerold vollmer B’03,’04

Florian Weiler B’08,’09

Jens Wirth B’08,’09

vladimir zuberec B’03

A special thanks to alumni volunteers who met with current

students to answer their questions about career paths in

various sectors.

They made the Alumni Career Sessions, one of the most

significant moments of the weekend for both alumni and

students.

Francesca Torchi

is a member of the SAIS Europe

Alumni Relations Office.

Saturday morning panel discussion with SAIS Europe students and Professor David C. Unger

31Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

On an unseasonably warm Saturday evening last

October 5th, hundreds of alumni and friends of

SAIS and the wider Johns Hopkins community

came together from across the country and across the

Atlantic at the UN headquarters in New york City.

The occasion was the 6th annual “Symposium and

Celebration,” a signature event organized for the benefit of

SAIS Europe by Amici di Bologna. Amici is an association

of SAIS Europe alumni launched in 2008 by a group of

like-minded alumni. From the start, Amici volunteers have

worked closely with SAIS Europe staff to build and expand

the alumni community. Our goal was to create opportunities

for alumni to come together to reconnect with each other

and the center.

All SAIS graduates and friends of SAIS are welcome

to attend Amici events.

This year’s event drew a larger, more geographically

diverse, and younger audience than ever before. Thanks to

the generous support of accounting firm grant Thornton,

Amici Steering Committee members including Jack

Wasserman B’64, Alison von Klemperer B’86, ‘87, Robert

gurman B’81, ‘82, and SAIS Europe supporters including

Bill and Inger ginsberg, Pam and Eric Melby B’71, ‘72, and

Director Ken Keller, Amici was able to offer deeply discounted

tickets to members of the current SAIS class as well as to

each of the past three SAIS classes. “I was delighted to be

able support this effort to help keep so many of our young

alumni connected with the life of SAIS Europe,” says Keller.

As a result of the Committee’s fund raising efforts, over sixty

young alumni were able to participate this year and network

with other alumni. This is more than three times the number

who participated in past Amici events.

With over two hundred guests in attendance, Amici’s

annual event has grown to become one of the largest annual

gatherings of SAIS alumni anywhere.

The program kicked off with the traditional academic

symposium featuring members of the SAIS faculty. Professor

Erik Jones, Director of the European and Eurasian Studies

Program and the Bologna Institute for Policy Research, was

joined on stage by Adjunct Professor of American Foreign

Policy David C. Unger. In addition to teaching at SAIS

Europe, Unger is a senior member of the New York Times

Editorial Board.

Following the popular “Charlie Rose” format used last

year, Professors Jones and Unger engaged in a wide-ranging

Amici Converge on the UN

by Thomas Tesluk

Photos by Reneta Dimitrova and Kishor Nagula

ALUMNI

From left: Erik Jones, David C. Unger and Thomas Tesluk

conversation about the limits of an American interventionist

foreign policy. The audience responded with a spirited Q&A

session encompassing Syria, the Middle East generally, and

other geopolitical “hot spots.”

After the discussion guests and speakers moved to the

terrace overlooking the East River for the reception. As the

sun began to set, guests were called to dinner in the newly

renovated Delegates Dining Room where younger alumni

were seated together with their more senior counterparts.

The wine served this year was a particular treat for those

lucky enough to have sampled it in Bologna.

With the special assistance of Alessandra Forni B‘11,‘12

guests were offered the spectacular wines of Tizzano

vineyards of Casalecchio di Reno.

Ajay Kaisth B’89 and Daniela Kaisth B’89, JHU’90

co-chaired this year’s silent auction. As a result of their

generous support, each table featured an elegant engraved

print depicting scenes of Bologna which were very popular

with guests. Bidding on them took off!

The highlight of this year’s silent auction, however, was

the special contribution of five luxury handbags donated by

Furla, Bologna’s own historic leather goods manufacturer.

Together, the prints and the Furla handbags helped raise

thousands of dollars in sponsorship of the event.

Amici would like to extend a very special thanks to all of

this year’s sponsors:

grant and Thornton

Furla USA

Tizzano vineyards

Del Corona & Scardigli

Ajay and Daniela Kaisth

Amici di Bologna is run entirely by volunteers. To get

involved in planning and managing alumni events on behalf

of Amici di Bologna, please contact Tom Tesluk.

Thomas Tesluk B’81,’82 is CEO of MissionID, Inc. and

Sequent Consulting LLC. He serves as Chairman of the

SAIS Europe Advisoy Council and is member of the SAIS

Board of Advisors.

32 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

BerlinAnnual Reunion of the SAIS Alumni German Chapter

by Julia Christine Schiling

ALUMNI

This fall the alumni reunion in Berlin convened

more than fifty SAIS alumni whose graduation

years span 1961 to 2012 for an annual event

organized by the SAIS Alumni german Chapter and its

President Jürgen glückert B’62. Together with Mark

Maskow B’99,’00, glückert organized a stimulating cultural

and academic program for alumni who came from all

parts of Europe and beyond.

Current students Samantha Witte B’14 and vincenz

Klemm B’14 attended the reunion to personally thank the

german Alumni Chapter for their fellowship support and to

update alumni on their current experience at SAIS. Alumni

from other Johns Hopkins University schools also attended.

The weekend began with a guided tour of the

Bundeskanzleramt (german chancellery) and beautiful

view over the Reichstag and other Parliament buildings.

Participants met at the Deutsche Gesellschaft für

Auswärtige Politik (DgAP, german Council on Foreign

Relations) to hear the keynote speech IT and the Social

Networks and their Impact on the Democratic System

delivered by SAIS Europe Director Kenneth H. Keller.

This was followed by remarks by Dr. Ole Wintermann,

a specialist on social media and global trends and a

discussion with alumni, moderated by Winrich Kühne,

Steven Muller Professor for german Studies. During

the afternoon, alumni relaxed in the DgAP garden with

coffee and light fare. Alumni dined at Amuse restaurant—

which opened just for them—and impressed everyone

with a delicious meal and great Italian wines.

Amici dine at the UN

33Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

ALUMNI

Sunday morning, participants toured the former airport

Tempelhof, which between 1948 and 1949 connected West

germany and West Berlin during the Berlin Airlift. During the

blockade of the city by Soviet forces, more than 277,000

flights of the so-called “candy bomber” airplanes delivered

food and other necessary supplies to keep the Western part of

Berlin going.

The annual reunion of the SAIS Alumni german Chapter

takes place every third weekend in October in Berlin and is

fully subsidized by participating alumni.

The next informal happy hour for SAIS Alumni in Berlin will

be held in early December. For information about future events

or to get involved, contact the SAIS Europe Alumni Office and

join the SAIS Alumni german Chapter on LinkedIn.

Julia Christine Schiling B’10,’11 works as research assistant

and policy advisor for the chairwoman of the Committee on

Economic Cooperation and Development of the german

Bundestag in Berlin.From left:

Claude Cornet B'62, Moritz Schmid-Drechsler B'11, '12,

Isabel Hoffmann B'10, '11, Jakob Liermann B'11, '12

Norbert Baas B'76 and Juergen Glueckert B'62

Panel discussion

34 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

The 4th edition of I Bolognesi a Londra was held on

November 2 at the Royal College of Defence Studies

(RCDS) in London’s Belgrave Square with about

ninety alumni and friends in attendance. Organized by the

Bolognesi a Londra alumni committee, the event is an

opportunity for SAIS alumni to reconnect with former

classmates and professors.

The evening opened with welcoming remarks by Kenneth

H. Keller, Director of SAIS Europe, and an introduction to the

RCDS by Louis Armstrong CBE, former deputy commandant

of the RCDS. A panel discussion titled U.S. Military

Intervention: Whether, When and How? was moderated by

John L. Harper B’76,’77, Ph.D.’81, Professor of American

Foreign Policy. Eliot A. Cohen, Robert E. Osgood Professor

of Strategic Studies, Director of the Strategic Studies

Program, and Director of the Philip Merrill Center for

Strategic Studies spoke on the panel along with and David

C. Unger, Editorial Board member of The New York Times

and Adjunct Professor of American Foreign Policy.

ALUMNI

2013

1

Exchanging Perspectives

2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9

10

by Francesca Torchi

Once more, I Bolognesi a Londra offered its guests, the

SAIS alumni community, an interesting breadth of perspectives

from a panel of SAIS professors who teach both in Bologna

and in Washington, D.C.

An aperitivo and buffet followed the panel and allowed

guests to chat and continue the debate for the rest of the

evening. The president of the Johns Hopkins University

Alumni Council Association, Terri McBride ’99 and the

co-president of the Johns Hopkins University Alumni

Association in the U.K., Fabrizio Jacobellis B’02, ’03,

also attended.

A special thank you to the I Bolognesi a Londra

Committee, composed of Mimi Meyer Armstrong B'82,'83,

Marco Dell'Aquila B'85,'86, Martin Fraenkel B'83,'84 and

geraldine Kelly B'80,'81, who made the event a great

success and to Louis Armstrong, who made it possible to

hold the event in the delightful Seaford House of the Royal

College of Defence Studies.

To stay in touch and hear about SAIS alumni activities in

London, please contact the SAIS Europe Alumni Office

and join the SAIS London Alumni group on LinkedIn.

35Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

ALUMNI

1. MacPharlin Broderick B'11, '13, Marco dell'Aquila B'85, '86, Fabrizio Jacobellis B'02, '03

2. Staircase in the Seaford House, Royal College of Defence Studies

3. Filippo Gamba B'03, '04, Lena Wong and Davide Scigliuzzo B'10, '11,

Kenneth H. Keller JHU ‘63, JHU Ph.D.’64, David Rosskamp B'11, '12,

Gianluca Esposito B'01, '02, Anna Wilson B'10, '11

4. Detail of the Seaford House

5. Efsan Askin B'93, Hasan Teoman B'80, '81 and Kenneth H. Keller JHU ‘63, JHU Ph.D.’64

6. Martin Fraenkel from the Bolognesi committee speaks to alumni

7. The audience in the Lecture Room, Royal College of Defence Studies

8. Kenneth H. Keller, Eliot A. Cohen, John L. Harper, David C. Unger during the discussion in

the Lecture Room, Royal College of Defence Studies

9. Fabrizio Jacobellis, co-President of the JHU Alumni Assiciation in the UK speaks to alumni

10. Detail of the Seaford House

11. The Seaford House, Royal College of Defence Studies

Photos by Francesca Torchi

Francesca Torchi is a member of the SAIS Europe Alumni

Relations Office.

11

With the 59th academic year now underway in Bologna, I would like to

take this opportunity to thank all of you who have generously and

loyally supported SAIS and Bologna, in particular, over all these

years. your generosity has been fundamental in advancing our institution and

in expanding our role in the life of SAIS. Our brand new name, SAIS Europe,

captures this notion and recognizes the enhancement of our program’s stature

within SAIS and in Europe. I hope you will enjoy reading about how meaningful

and effective your support is for the school and for its students and faculty.

Alumni giving to SAIS Europe has increased steadily over time, accounting

now to almost 90 percent of our yearly donors. yet only 10 percent of our

alumni population chooses every year to direct their philanthropy to us.

We count on you as a source of strength now and in the future.

Alumni participation not only allows us to offer the SAIS experience to

the next generations of international experts by offering them the unique

combination of a year in Bologna and a year in Washington. But it is also

often a key element for measuring the success of our program. And this is

critical as we look to encourage more foundations and corporations to partner

with SAIS.

Every gift makes a difference and I welcome you to learn more about

how to give back to SAIS and to join our community of donors today.

I look forward to meeting as many of you as possible during the course of

the coming year at our many events or in your city to express in person the

gratitude of the School.

Grazie mille!

Gabriella Chiappini is Director of Development, SAIS Europe

36 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

DEVELOPMENT

Thanksfrom

SAIS Europe!

by Gabriella Chiappini

37Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

DEVELOPMENT

Pho

to b

y S

abin

a B

etti

All donations from the U.S. and Canada are tax

deductible. Tax deductible donations can also

be made through the Transnational giving Europe

network in the following countries:

BELGIUMKing Baudouin Foundation (KBF)

FRANCEFondation de France

GERMANYverein der Freunde des Bologna Center

IRELANDCommunity Foundation for Ireland

ITALYAssociazione Italo-Americana

“Luciano Finelli”

NETHERLANDSOranje Fonds

POLANDFoundation for Poland

SWITZERLANDSwiss Philanthropy Foundation

U.K.Johns Hopkins University UK

Charitable Trust

To make a tax deductible donation from one of the following

countries: Bulgaria, Luxembourg, Romania, Slovenia,

Spain, Hungary please contact us.

If your country is not on this list or for more information

please contact:

Clarissa Ronchi

Development Coordinator

Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

via Belmeloro 11

40126 Bologna, Italy

Tel. +39 051 2917821

cronchi@jhu.edu

38 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

How to make a gift to SAIS Europewww.sais-jhu.edu/giving/saiseurope

Making a donation to SAIS Europe is very simple, click herefor giving instructions

online

giving

available

new

code!

DEVELOPMENT

39Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

DEVELOPMENT

Class of 1968 Fellowship - Patrick H. Harper, Winfried Lambertz,Brigitte Fliegauf (Roller), Helmut Dorn, Chimdindu Onwudiegwu,Tain Tompkins, Jacqueline Lafon-Hengl and Dr. Eckhard Bergmann

Rivista has, in the past, given space to fellowships,

one of the most important areas in the life of our

students. Today we focus on the opportunity that

fellowships open to students by allowing them to benefit

from the SAIS academic program and the interaction with

fellow students in their path to becoming professionals

ready to leave a footprint in the outside world. We are

pleased to tell the story of an Italian alumnus who was

able to join SAIS in 2000 thanks to the financial aid he

received at the time. He recently told us that he had

applied to SAIS because he wanted the best education

for enhancing his understanding of the contemporary

world and to become part of a stimulating international

environment.

Fellowship CeremoniesSAIS Students learn thanks to donor generosity

However, he did not have the financial means to fully

cover tuition and expenses and, as he recalls, “without

the fellowship I received with my admission letter, I would

have been forced to decline the offer.”

He talks of his time as SAIS as “a continuous learning

experience, both in the classroom and outside” and says

that it is hard to underestimate the impact on his own

personal development of those conversations at the

cafeteria, “where there was always some fellow student

able to talk about a given major world event from some

sort of direct experience. This made me aware of new

possibilities which I could try to make true.” Thanks to

the fellowship he received, SAIS became the “defining

moment” in his life. This has always been clear in his

mind. So clear that last year he decided to give back to

the school and support an individual fellowship to benefit

a new student, as well as contribute to his class initiative.

His fellowship recipient wrote him in a letter “I am excited

to be here and eagerly looking forward to whatever this

year has in store for me. I greatly appreciate the financial

support you provided to me to complete my studies. In

other words, I could not be happier.” She took advantage

of all the opportunities offered by SAIS here in Bologna

and is now in Washington for her second year of studies.

And the cycle continues: this current student will

tomorrow become an alumna, and perhaps a donor...

40 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

UniCredit FellowshipRoberto Nicasto and Koru Selim

DEVELOPMENT

Tanya Lolonis and Wilhelm Hemetsberger Fellowship Wilhelm Hemetsberger, Xian Liao and Dean Nasr

City of Vienna FellowshipAnis Chouchane, Andreas Mailath-Pokorny, Rupinder Rai andMatthias Dirnbacher

James Anderson FellowshipJames Anderson and Oliver Russell

41Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

Henry Tesluk FellowshipThomas Tesluk and Sylvia Staneva

DEVELOPMENT

UK Charitable Trust FellowshipCormac Sullivan and Martin Fraenkel

Mario Possati FellowshipAlberto Possati, Alberto Vacchi, Martin Vladimirov, StefanoPossati, Tiziana Ferrari, Ken Keller and Edoardo Possati

Alumni faithfully gather in Bologna for the annual

Alumni Weekend and many celebrate their class

reunions to recognize the very special year they

experienced by learning togheter in such a demanding and

stimulating environment.

It’s a heady combination that bonds the students and

produces graduates who have a wider vision and superior

skills for working in today’s global and diverse world.

At class reunions alumni enjoy spending time together

and participating in the Alumni Weekend program.

They also reflect on how life-changing their year in

Bologna was and are inspired to make it possible for new

generations to share a similarly positive experience. This

wish comes true in the form of class initiatives. Almost

every year existing initiatives are “revitalized,” and new

initiatives are launched.

This year’s highlights include the Bologna classes of

1963, 1983 and 1993.

Class of 1963’s 50th Anniversary Gift

Naneen and Axel Neubohn have launched a 50th Anniversary

gift to establish a Class of 1963 Fellowship.

visit the class webpage to learn more, see the progress,

and make your contribution.

The Class of 1983 Made It!

In April an anonymous donor offered a challenge gift of

$15,000 to the Bologna Class of 1983 LEAD Fellowship Fund

to stimulate contribution from all class members.

The class challenge was to bring the 30th anniversary

gift’s participation to 25 percent—and they made it in less than

a month! Up to 41 percent of the Class of 1983 has con-

tributed to the LEAD Fund since its inception, which makes

the 83ers one of the classes with the highest participation

rates. The initiative is still ongoing. If you have not made a gift

to the fund, please consider doing it now! Join your class gift:

your generosity has a life-changing impact on future genera-

tions of Bologna students. visit the class webpage to learn

more, check the fund’s progress and make your contribution.

42 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

Class Initiatives

DEVELOPMENT

Class of 1963

43Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

A New Fellowship from the Class of 1993

Following in the footsteps of other Bologna classes, the 93ers decided to celebrate their 20th anniversary with a fellowship

under the name of their class. The goal is to raise $200,000 by their next class reunion in 2018. The fellowship will contribute

to increasing the geographic diversity of SAIS students. This is a newly-born initiative and needs the support of all members!

you will soon hear from Susanne, Anita, Abigail, Christine and Teri – class of 1993 leaders – who strongly encourage their

classmates to join!

DEVELOPMENT

Join Your Class Initiative!Class of 1983

Class of 1993

Remembering

Elif Nazmiye Yavuz

The SAIS community

lovingly remembers

Elif Nazmiye yavuz

B'03,'04 who was among the

victims of a tragic terror attack

at a shopping mall in Nairobi,

Kenya (see article on page 28).

An initiative is underway to

honor Elif through a fellowship in her name that would help

a next generation SAIS students carry on her legacy and

commitments to serving others. It was spearheaded by

Bob Hildreth B’75, former member of the SAIS Board of

Advisors, who most generously pledged $50,000 toward a

goal of establishing a $500,000 endowed fellowship fund in

Elif’s memory. To join the initiative please click here and to

learn more, contact Camilo Tellez and Alexandra Jaeckh.

Gita Beker Busjeet

Memorial Fellowship

gita Beker Busjeet

B’04,’05 will be

remembered in

perpetuity thanks to the

generosity of her parents,

husband Jeremy B’04,’05,

classmates and friends who

established the gita Beker

Busjeet Memorial Fellowship to honor her memory. Since

its inception, the initiative has been incredibly successful.

The initial long-term goal to raise $100,000 and create an

endowment has already been reached and SAIS is proud

to announce the first fellowship recipient, Lama Kiyasseh

from Syria, who is now studying at SAIS in Bologna. “I feel

honored to be the first fellowship recipient and a part of the

extended gita Beker Busjeet family here at SAIS Europe, and

hope that I can be an inspiration in my passion for international

relations, like gita Beker Busjeet was to her family and

friends,” says Lama. visit the Gita webpage to learn more,

see the progress, and to make your contribution.

Enzo Grilli Memorial

Fellowship

now a perpetual fellowship

Enzo grilli was a SAIS

alumnus and a well

respected professor

whose connection to SAIS

spanned nearly forty years.

Upon his sudden death in 2007,

an initiative was launched to

establish a permanent Enzo grilli Memorial Fellowship to

benefit SAIS students. Led by two of Enzo grilli’s former

students, Silvia zucchini B’99,’00 and Alessandra Campanaro

B’00,’01, the initiative has now reached its first goal thanks to

the generosity of anonymous donors. The fellowship is now

endowed in perpetuity, and SAIS is proud to announce this

year’s recipient in Bologna, Nicolaas van vliet from the

Netherlands.

The initiative continues with the aim to increase the fund

to augment the yearly fellowship. Click here to join the

Enzo grilli Memorial Fellowship initiative.

Fred Hood Research Fund

The Bologna Class of

2003, together with

his family, remembers

Fred Hood B’03,’04 through

the Fred Hood Fund to support

research activities of Ph.D.

and M.A.I.A. students at SAIS

in Bologna.

Pete, Headley and Saverio,

class leaders for this initiative,

strongly encourage their classmates to join to reach the

$300,000 goal as part of the class 10th anniversary

celebrations.

visit the Fred Hood webpage for more information,

to see the progress, and to contribute.

44 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

DEVELOPMENT

Memorial Initiatives To Remember Members of Our Community

Patrick McCarthy Fund

Upon his death, many

of his former students

and friends decided

to establish the Patrick

McCarthy Fund to support

faculty research at SAIS

Europe with the ultimate goal

of funding a Patrick McCarthy

Chair at SAIS in Bologna.

The “Patrick McCarthy Seminar Series on

Intellectuals and Politics” aims to revive a tradition of

studies in the humanities that has always been part of the

SAIS mission. Studying International Relations requires

knowledge of the mores, ideas and histories of societes

around the world. Patrick McCarthy was an able interpreter

of this cultural dimension to international affairs, one of

the leading scholars of contemporary Italian history

and a major figure in the field of intellectual history of

twentieth century Europe.

This year the Patrick McCarthy Fund will support

the conference Macchiavelli and International Politics

organized by Professor Marco Cesa to be held on

November 23, 2013 in Bologna.

Click here to learn more about the initiative and

make your contribution.

45Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe

DEVELOPMENT

Updates

SAIS Welcomes New Members of its Legacy Circle

Charles Anson B'66 has decided to include

SAIS in his will to benefit U.K. students in

Bologna with a fellowship that will offer new

generations of students the opportunity to share the

same positive life-changing experience Charles had

in Bologna.

Frans Lijnkamp B'81 has made provisions in

his will to establish a permanent fellowship

fund to support one or more Dutch students

at SAIS in Bologna and in Washington.

Grazie Charles e Frans!

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SAIS EUROPE

GLOBAL PRESENCEINTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVEMASTER DEGREES IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

APPLICATIONS DUE BY 7 JANUARY 2014

admissions@jhubc.it +39 051 291 7811www.sais-jhu.edu

Des

ign

by B

rittn

ey J

ohns

on

VIEW VIDEO AND SHARE

TELL A FRIEND ABOUT JOHNS HOPKINS SAIS

sais-jhu.edu/connectThe Johns Hopkins University - Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies - SAIS Europe - Via Belmeloro, 11 - 40126 Bologna, Italy