rh-019 rsipancaka-jataka. pp. 111 - 122 of studies in indo-asian art and culture. vol. 6 edited by...

8/12/2019 RH-019 Rsipancaka-jataka. Pp. 111 - 122 of Studies in Indo-Asian Art and Culture. Vol. 6 Edited by Lokesh Chandr

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, 1 : n r1 ;v l _ .

l'J. DETHI 1980 I I

RTNA HDUUKOE, PIY (SIL)RPCAKAT*

rC

'Wat s th reaest msery?" s a question rased an scussed by ver, hs vies are recorded h Rpcaajaa The Sasri ext o theka, unpubshd as ye occurs n h foowing manucrips: A, he vadnarasucaya kept he niversy brary a Cabrge; B the Jtakaladra of the Tokyo niversiy Lbrary; and C, a nucrpt ket

t the yk Universiy inJapan. Te foreot o te ve s was e Bodha Buddha-tobe, accordin o h Sansr sory,4 sehed blo.

> a thakfu o Proessors J W. de Jong, Michae Hahn and anin Obeysekre for suggestns relatn to he ex and ranaonC ted n hs artice

MSddI598 e Catloge of he Buddhst Sanskri Manuscrs nh Cambidg Unversiy Library, y C. Benda Cabrde 88 Thepaaka-tka ncomplete occurs on b 2b6 of the mnuscrit

o 3 and foo 3 onaining th end o he story is mssing For a ummary the contnts of ths anuscrt e The vasrasccaya by atnaH ruane in Studies n Indo-Asa r a Clu, Voe 972) Theen of pacaajaa was oied there n brif bu as give unde wrong itle viz he Srhvhajtaka hh s the itl of h second sor he colcion. Rpakajtaa cod not be deni then bese io) ontainin e oopon was, as notd bove mssng in h anscri

s. No. 39 A Caaogu of h Sank Manscps in Tokyo["vsi Lb coed by Ser Masunam Tokyo 6 pp. 8 22T Rpaakajka ocrs on 6b - 7 8 of he auscrp ands the thryfh str in t.

3 Noe by riosh Saada n Oan an aisoa: Bobu.bn (suls of h n eedition Maerias for he Bddhs Leraure n hesrt Langua, pbished n Choja odaigo bkn Se unka kenkyo Lteaure on h Cntra Asin angugs of the od ages Seik sudesanin o cuure r 4 96 1 This anuscrip nds the sory with theee tha i is a thry story iJ)acajaam acaiatama

4 edon of h jtaka basd on hee three manuscrips has bnare by the presn er o o part of an edion o he rst ve sories h vadasrasccaa itn n a ixure of prose and ese andnscent of yas Jaka n aguage nd tye the akka cons 3 tzas


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Snce (a person), even though sarae rom beloved ones as ea a fen sbje o e ower o brnin re (s aakes o ose o ooxe w tears; thereore he Vcoros One sa at sess cmae

n"!Tn rom aong he the geon soe. It s e e msey o

nge nese Hoever sen to my vePasson aone s e gea msey s s my ece onon Wa

he o or i s avee evn w as?

Frer: Evn sas wo ake o a wer a wee eaves oees an ave bos eacate ro on eos o asg become bne owes aese rog so te r o c is o coec

ete be rn ns, wen e ray o e moo are b on ays e he aeres o te sy are oe e e wo s ovecomey asson beoes e ors amon he bn Hence ee s no ev i eo e sson10

9 yinakrt pa1sm p p,gto 'p ok{ v vdh

d ua kv I.eet b Mup?lw jo bvtA 4al gs with e hr s s snza no 17 e aa .

10 At! pavf Ovac S! bt kuddu Ap ab

ah 7ag ev d du! t a tut kt ! s bsp v

vavbujTtupbu J adgvspktgattdbhv us khtpbhvg duptvdasubhvadkv p amzupphbvvv p v dedhdhm *bh apat gd k t k

54-5b2). *ascrs dh se ee saas a nos. 28-30 oe a Beng w ese te eo xesses s vew n sas

. Nos 2844


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Therefo, passion) w ntes a senses s a gea msey. Wen as us sad e snke spoke "Is no passon unseel n ondt cses deluson of e nd a mser ndeed? Bu nge s e geaer seSo do ndersan (It) s e oo ase w nas e _ W?

ne a an sung b e bee of ang nds no slee n a ouse plesa e swee songs of women aopaned b e sond of les a ue a-ors baed n e s of e oon k beause of dspeeos en ere s no oe ser ore eced a ange

A an ssed b age as e oveness of s fce bun An angeson goes o ev saes u of aes wees (dss ad sa Esapng foe e beoes a pan o e ees of e peop of e od Hene es no oe en osle o loveness lke ager

e e of e nd ange auses an a dsase d s fu of evs e en of anger eans a e foefon of al sees"2

Te dee sad s we od of snakes o sa a s_aam of angs sevee B do no now of a mse geaer an e ea of dea

ne e bndng epaons of e Lod of Dea og pesng doo d e mnds of peope fgened a e onse of deat no of no

11 Sarvyataonmth% asmd go mahd dukha i ut bhujago 'bravt. Nauhalu duMha ra cUavpaad durra rodh tu duhataram avaetojvala1 tu la Kut

ptmbudadracadraiapaltlavvTuravubaddhamadhuratgHara gh

ddha rodhalmha puruo pot dr )arodhd duMhataraf a duMham aparaf t tato vatA7b4 Ts s sanza no 5 of e jka Begnnng wt s e snaeees 1 sanas e Nos 55 o suppo s ve a nge s e geaesoow

12 odhghrto bhavat puruo dagdhalvaJ yaarovlararaacal odhao Jar apytbhyo bha(o bhavat agao loataabhtarwdvo a rpu apara rodhatuo yamt

adzavamayo pt aojvala va aradh rodhr dhur artatA 8b2; 9a3 e sanzas form nos and of e ex


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fher misery han thaThe disress one eels a he me o (one's) eh, seeing he s ce o

es wih heir uninerped o o aey ear-I kno n o miseore pinul hn h3

On heain he so o rsin rss eves or spros rihene odh (e he eer livin in he oes rn israding one noher nbanoning even (o on osprin4

Thereore I nersn deh hih is hr o overcome on o oaiion an se ear o al is he ors o l miseies. "

Sine hose nole nias each hein o is on see did nori onclsion o h disssion hey pproched he odhi eisne in he proper mner d spoe o hs mr "W 0Bssed One is h hie isery ou o hnger psson gr d he e oh? ho mn us has spoken The h s o sges spo o

them.

A have spoken e nd he ecded e hes miseries se

13 Mrgo 'bavu. Samya vaktm etad bhJaapae kodhavaisaa1 twa1 Maa-nbhad adhkataa" dkham aha1 nvaacchm Kta

aa7opanptaktakamanny ap abandannna mano amayant a) }annna tat ham atpaa paamhd1 adann Vam: hanabjbtaaaddnnlabhae aana yad antaklena at dkham avam ka(am anya

A 99 1). The szs re nos 657 o he jk einnin ih No

he eer eies sanzas ie o 6 o express s i h he er

eah s he reae isery cala tpaapallavn

dhvan kaa vane vaanaanapeka paapaa damaat ap avdhya mbhft

9 This aa s no 6 in e ak5 avdkapatka avbtabhaakaa

avam a;a amd paaadttaa(A 6 Thi na s no 2 in he jk


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pin to (ose in) te tree words

u good si sten to my opinion s we.h eceedingl (evi) mnner of conduct which obstruct ones ste

in in its strving owrds igteousnesstht I unerstn nd dcre mry.

crching mpuries conece with birt wc vi wi oe noer it we o inee urt unisening people.

Wt structve cton dreful becuse i s eec n evl sttes wino peope indulg in icte b te misery of hnger

Pepe wo hve gone beyond te noble bouns of morli thei

mins ice b ssion become obects of pity o tos wo see e trut.epe corsene nge beome in momenL irent perons s it

were their eyes trnsfoe roling wi te movemen of te ditin

ontrce bowsA ongtem eie fro e wol septe from l bings det t is

ontin fer to l peopleee n wteve oter in of hir-rising ses there e te

foo rth ust s goo peole (pursue ompssion

6 Yatas ca te mahattv va va vdam abhinv-r na kahpaavafnamayat ato bodhattvam pea ata& paamemam atham uc& Bhagavnkgakdhamaaabhan k d&kha. Kaa vmka bhitam aa mvao 'bav

bhtal ca ave av ca nctavy etn dMhn jat bhvanata)a

Ap ca badmkh mamp bp& suatabhkwamdco dhame o aa bdhte

Sama maao dMham avam baVm capadhn vyoam pghant vdhnaokn eva ok anmaabandhno ma&kddkhopahatma& k na k& aapaphaaadhaa kamavasaa,atkntaad opakacetaa&havant kaUpta p tattvadanpahbhgavkepabhamadvktoca&k aenna vbhnt ph pa

avaava vn hvapavo dghakka&


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Furth sirs

Passon o rnt ks ol ag hmlaton acqision n potctio

of wah rnng vcs th gra ss avrons arsng o o conact wh hba) th vros misris o ns asly by h sparatons o tsr d h nos wth th sr-sn ths Occur to o oarg at (th onn o bth hat aon is msry in ths stan.

rsoty s th brh o thos otnat ons y o th worl gratss o wos naor 5 nconcvb whos activty is aways

opos to sintrs an whos bts ar ightl on accont o srvic oohrs n a was Th brt v momntarl o a rson ntn on on's

on wr s a alamity ang to an vl a.

Hnc I say: Practc rm vgac to gan nlightnmnt) or ls strivicy or t compl stton o xistnc Thy who abanon thswo (corss nr uch agans tr wll ral v stas t ars

oh an avrns

I opl aan ths wo (crss w or th ort is al h mo

ttng h rsl bng gra So o I hn wha s is it o hav arc varaa sed, vn b a o nctar Th mr ort a tocu e wsantn s bttr."7

bhayam antika7l hzda maraa1 sarvadehn1

ete cnye ca ye du&haprak omaharfate tm anuartate karu a sdhaa

(A a b4 Th sanzas ot abov or nos 8 o h xt Bgnnng wt stza no , bohsatva rcs 20 stanzas i Nos 73-92

rssng hs w17 Ai cyumata

rgo 'neadho jar parbhao bhogan rakfapradha?LsaV)asana aaam asatsamarkaja aktaif!ni(ao gayo gauabs te te mano pat7 prpa ao baat agata saeha dukha7 tata

trthpratogn bhaaat Je kr saadsark,raparoparaadhur yq7 sautPataa

slg tir acnyogamhat7! tN7! jagaccakufz

janmasvrhapraqukaTkaapyikf vplti

Tasd bae. sa7bodhaye kuruta sthra pramda


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Thn aceptn the ordnance of tht best o sages wth heads wea pde ad arogance and mnds conentrated on righteosness, they sed o

al sides gloy as he s the ater-lly i autumnI

The mansripts on hih the aboe setch of the legend s based do i any hint bot the autho of the text Hower t has recenly be

listed among a grop of texts beaing a simlarit to Gopadtta's Saptaumrkdna by Mihal Hhn who adances the hypothesis tt Gopaatta be th author of this grop of texts as well n his study on Haiha an Gopadatt (Studa Philologi

a Bddhia

Occasonalaper Seres Too

1977The stoy des not occur in the ali tadition. Huger is the greate

dsease accordig to stanz no 03 of the Suhaagga the feenth chaper the Pai Dhammapada while the preceding staza sates that thee is no reie passion and no sin le hared \ Hoeer te coreponding stores occrring in te Dhammapadahaath the comentay o the Dapdritten by ddhagha i the aaarassa upsaaattu and the atarass uladriya atth in hih the aboe eses ocur ae copley diernt

from our toy as s ednt fom their titles themeles

ta! haahvam atha v havaaaata vqa t vahaa van akmhzmn apavaavmkhaaa7

atna haam ta avpvantatn pha mahat atao mato mchaT va(kam apa hp k cntma ahgama va amo p

A a32b4) Thse stanzas ae nos 8689 in the te

8 oh atha t pata taamnhmnamh mnattamaahamakatnamana path ahvkt aatmhava amantt

(Missing A. Tis staza is o 3 the ocludng stanza of the jtaa9 Dammapada 20: hah paam og kh paam kh

ta atv athhta na paama1 khaDhammapada 202 natth aamo natth oao ka

natth khanha kk/ n'atth antpaam kha

Fo a translaio of hese store see pp 737 of Bddhist Legendsransaed from the orgnal a text of the Dhmmapad omentay y


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A rnlon of our vrsionof he sory

doesnoocrinheTibetanCano. But a story reatng tove ses is th theme, as ts tl ndcaes of

theDrasro[soJl sesp}i rbste skysp}i rab-laa, te feenthsory in th Hrib-anma, a colcion of hryve jaksavill n Tian non une te te Sge shas}ba}i skyes

pa rasy b ssbyb autorsp of tis x is arbted toRgl-poisrs Seg abs}r-p (Rjapurcya ribaa) and he

Tbn tanslion s said to have been done b Pa


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traulity bein that een anms achiee odnss troh ssocition th the vrtuous th hor of the text poses he questo as to what nethere is to spea of he vale of sc copionshi i he cse of humanbeigs a ueston eiscet the oncuson f oe tors occrr ryaGra' Jtaam

A s the above suary of te contents shws, te i subjetmatte ofthis rsn preserved the betan Haribhaataam is the sme as tof or ory Thus it pears that there were moe than Oe Snsrit verio

of the eedhe Cinese Buddhist Cno contis not oy verson of the Ripa-cakataka but aso the nidna kath, which describes the ncient that ed ti being arratd . he partcar Chinese text wher he story occurs i thFkheu-p-U, e. arbles conneced wih the boo of Scriptural texts oe othe for principal coies of the Dhamapada i Chiese his Chines trns.latn of th Dhmapada attribe o wo mos o he Western Tsn dy(A D 265 - A D 313) has bee freely redred o Eih by SameBeal

e Fkheup cotains, its tte dicate certain prables or tcoeted t the veres which foow the ad whch protd their narrato Risig the quetion as to ow far ese ae re euie, ea thithat an observation ade by Max Me his ntoducon to he ransatonof the Pali Dhamaada which he uote, viz that th stries "may have beenventd o suit the tet of the Dhamapada rathr han vice versa vryrobabe. Howeer asung that the sories ust ae ben eno inIdia prior to the dde of the thrd centr A D, and g fr teordiar eriod occupie in the transisio of suc tas Beal frther infrs

tht the stories ay reaoaby be referred o a dte perhaps as eary as rya

23 xts fro the Buddhit Caon commny wn as Dhaapaih accoaig narratve trated from the Chinse by mue BeaLondo 878; another edito, odo 92 The sory vn o 3 ofLes Avadns contes et pologues Indiens ionns Jusqu' a e jour sv de fbe, de

poee et de nouees Chnoss trate par M tasas Jue, tome premier,aris 85 s based On akupiukng Taiso ol V, r 211 the saesource used b Beal Another verso of the story o own hiteo occurs in

aisho Vo V, Nr 4, ekeotch'asosi N=

No 1352) p.12c ccordig to forato sn to s by ro D Schiglo uich)


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armatt to whom, he says the Chinese copies of the hammpada witout

xcepton rfr its rst arrang 1 r a brif discussion on the possibledat of harmatrta Beal assigns him to about 70 BC

Th etod o coposition doptd in th khupiU is to gv one or

to taes and a verse or more as te morl. T taes revan to the study ofR!pacakajtaka occur n te chapter ntitled Sukhavagga which forms thetwentythird sction of the tet. We uote the relevnt secion from Beastranslation

n dys of od, hen Bha was reidin in the Jeavana, at rast

there were four Bhikshus seated undr a tre, who onversed together thus:"Wat thnk you is the greatst isery to bear in a the orld? One saidthe greates misery in the word is ust another said the greatest misery ishner ad tirst another said it as aer another said it as fear Whist

they wre thus disputing, without any hop of greent, Bddha, knowing thecase, traspotd himsef to the spot and inurd what thir disptation wasabout On this the Bhikshus having arisen and paid hm homage, epainedhow th cae stood On this the orld-honoured eplained that thy had notgot to he bottom of the matte, but that the body itself was th greatest misey,for from the body comes the misery of huger and thrt cold and hat anger

and pride and st and therefore our aim should b to get rid of the body, andthus attain the perfec rst of NrvQa nd thn he added these stanas

Thee is no burning greater than ust; thre is o dstress oson worsetan hat; there s no misry greater than ths body here s o oy ik its

dstrucion5 Without accordanc there can be littl joy; smal powr of distngushin ruth argues lte wdom; by erceivin ad seekn for that hichis truly rat by is man alone one obtais perfe rst ow the onored of the orl, ully epai the charactr of the sorrowes; fuly amable) to divr th thr words; aone o by mysf alon) have overthrowte whole army of Mra th dvi)

avig utered thes ords the Bddha eained ho hat in ages goneby there as a cerain bksh possessed of the ve sper-natural poers ddhwho dwet n th mountins undr a tree, practsin auserites with a vi tonal release Whilst dweg thus four animal also came nd too up therabode near hi, namely a small bird (sarrow?, a large brd quail a poiso

nous snke, and a deer. On one occasion the Bhikshu heard these ceatures

Ba, ibid nroduction Beal compares his san to hammapada verse 2 quoted in note

9 above


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also contenng btween teeve ch was te eatet misey n th wo

an they also fom the os dipostons assigne the sme ca!e of suering s o ave naely lst hn, ange, and fr Whereupon thBiks e Ded to the aso a I have one to o, tht te oy, the Orceof al soo, is the gretest isey ad therfo the gatst hapnss tt rid of e boy, ad obtin Nv) And n ths hey wee ae to undestnd e tth ow at hat te I wa the shu and ou wee h fourcaes n hng this the mendicants we ed wth hol fea anselbi . er whch the wee able to come to th condton ofhas. ,

Thee s no nidath n the skrt veron of the $caka-jtaanown to s The Cnese veson is oe comple in that ts ndnaath

oes e paccpanavatth an ncient fo the tme of Gataa ddhafolowed by attatth o past ory and the identcaton of characters inth wo psoes, whc ae necsar eqes of ta he ansto hat is the story of the past is sstniall e sae in he Chne and

ankri vesns excet in mtters of deal :;e the idntt of the cro andthe geon be nt cla n the Chnee text It ma alo e noted that theBodhsattva declaes ith as he root of al soows in the Sanst, wi tbod is sd to be the urce of sorow in the Cise eson

Th stor s aea in a Chnese wor on the ie of the ddh isqote b Josh who scribes a reresenation of a nke, a de, a crod a dove befoe a ascetic near his ht i te pper edallo o a rilngpla at Matha.6 nother repesentaton of the legen s sad to e fodin aut7 alschmdt, descres a epesenttion of the lgnd i a tepeca i Qzi near K c? Reen e tanstion of e eend b] ies e calls i th 'vadna of the ascetc Vaala He uhe sttes thatro ad Van Erp have oted a reesentaton of th legnd t oobdu8

he gend ths ppars to have een wellknwn and popr n ndand other reions s well

2 N. P. osh Mathur Sclptues 196 p. 50 os ideties the scutural epe1t ton as the ta of e Wort :;1', uotng V. S AgawlaCatalogu )f the Mathra Musum, JUPHS. 24-'.839

. 27 '; ogel V X V a a reference sn t y o D h linlo whch s not

availabe to uS a presen.2 Bibl(ge ouddhiqe ] an 192 - Mai 929 Pais 10 vo eCo nd E Waldscht, De Bdditiche Stntke n Mite-Ai, Schst eil Nee ldwe Mt en itag e di rstellgn ud denStil der Wndelde aus Qyzl bei sch eln CII, . 48

rh-019 rsipancaka-jataka. pp. 111 - 122 of studies in indo-asian art and culture. vol. 6 edited by...

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