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RFID Based Embedded System for Vehicle Tracking and Prevention of Road Accidents

Ronson Calvin Fernandes

110919053

Manipal Institute of Technology - Manipal

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2 Contents

Introduction

What is RFID ?

RFID Applications

RFID System

RFID Tag , RFID Reader , GSM

How V.T works ?

Design and Implementation

Benefits of V.T

Future Work

Conclusion

References

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3Introduction

For today’s transportation professionals, traffic management, safety and security initiatives are an increasing priority.

State and local agencies are searching for solutions to improve mobility, efficiency and safety of their operations and for the driving public.

Current Transport facility is suffering with many issues.

Accident risk management

Environment alert

Traffic rule violation control

Vehicle theft identification

Traffic signal management

RFID technology can be effectively used to solve some of them.

4 What is RFID ? Technology to electronically identify vehicles and validate the identity, status and

authenticity of vehicle data.

RFID Tech. has been in use for over 60 years.

Industry and public interest in RFID technology took a major leap in 2003.

Transmits the identity of an object using radio waves.

Identification is transmitted in the form of a serial number that

distinguishes each object from the other.

RFID system composed of a RFID Reader and a RFID Tag .

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5 RFID Applications

Traffic Analysis/Management

E-Tolling

Security Access Control (e.g., Airports, Govt Facilities, etc.)

Vehicle Registration and Insurance Compliance

Border Crossing and

Trade Corridor Efficiency

Commercial Vehicle Monitoring

E-Commerce

Fleet/Asset Management

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6 RFID System

RFID system composed of a RFID Reader and a RFID Tag .

return

Mobile Phones

RFID Tag

RFID Reader

Impact Sensor

Microcontroller Unit

Camera

GSM Module

RFID Tag

The RFID tag houses a unique identification code, typically 64 bits in length.

A secure, unique identification code is transmitted to a reader/antenna

upon activation of the tag by an appropriate radio frequency signal.

RFID tags contains two parts.

Integrated circuit for storing and processing the data.

Antenna for receiving and transmitting the signal.

These tags can operate on many levels of frequency ranging from 125

KHz until 915 MHz.

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8 RFID Reader

A device used to communicate with RFID Tag.

The reader has one or more antennas , which emits radio waves and

receive signals back , from the RFID Tag.

Also called Interrogator because it interrogates the RFID Tag.

Data retrieval - RFID Reader – Device - Emits radio waves - Received

by the RFID Tag - Activates the microchip - data get transmitted.

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9 GSM

GSM ( Global system for mobile communication ).

Globally accepted standard for digital cellular communication.

GSM is a common European mobile telephone standard for a mobile cellular radio system operating at 900 MHz.

In the current work, SIM300 GSM module is used.

It delivers voice, data and fax in a small form factor with low power consumption.

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10 Vehicle Tracking . . . How it works ?

One RFID is placed in vehicle with owner info, RC book, insurance details, service details etc. to send vehicle identification to traffic information database.

RFID reader will be placed with embedded controller in Secure access points , Toll Gates, Parking areas and also in traffic signal areas.

We used GSM module with embedded unit in the moving vehicle to transmit accident information to different points.

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11 How it works ? ( Continued . . )

Whenever vehicle meets with an accident, the system reads area information from RFID Readers/Tags placed on the road and transfers this information to embedded module.

The details are transmitted to the specific numbers stored in database (Police station, Owner and Hospital).

Whenever the vehicle crosses the particular road area, the data from Vehicle tag is read and based on the location, an SMS regarding location of the vehicle will be sent to the owner.

RFID Tag types

Passive Tags

No internal power supply;

Microchip is in sleep mode, until the tag is in the range of the reader,

Reader sends electromagnetic waves - wake up the microchip

converts the waves into digital data using modulators and send it to the reader.

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13 RFID Tag types ( Continued . . . )

Active Tags

Own internal power supply

Used to power the integrated circuits and to transmit the data to the reader.

Communication with readers is typically much more reliable.

Can have on- board electronics such as sensors, I/O ports

The read range of the tag can reach 100 meters.

RFID Tag types ( Continued . . . )

Semi-Passive Tags

Lay between the passive and the active tags

Because they have a battery to power the integrated

circuit

However they use the power from the electromagnetic

waves that the reader sends in order to retrieve the data

present on the tag.

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RFID Tag Types ( Mode of Operation )

The tags can be distinguished by their mode of operation as follows:

Read Only Tags .

Read/Write Tags

WORM Tags

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16 Design and Implementation

The current design has following 3 operating points.

Road unit

Vehicle unit

Alert receiver unit.

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Figure 2. Vehicle tracking and Accident alert system

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18 On Road Unit

‘N’ number of RFID tags to transmit general area information and alert on

special zones like school, hospital, weak bridges and zigzag bends etc.

UHF Semi passive tag is used in our application.

Its coverage is a maximum of 50 Meters.

The location information and driver alert information are stored in this tag.

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19 Vehicle Unit

These units consist of RFID reader, vehicle information RFID Tag, 8051 embedded module and GSM module.

Here we have used SIM 300 GSM module to transmit alert data to the mobile receivers already configured.

RFID reader and GSM are connected to receive and transmit of the serial port in embedded module.

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20 Alert Receiver Unit

This unit is nothing but alert receiving mobile phones programmed in the embedded module.

It may be owner of the vehicle, the hospital emergency care and the police station information number.

Short script message or voice message will be sent to the receivers.

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21 Implementation

Let's go to RFID System to understand better

Special zones like School, Hospital, Zig Zag bends and weak bridge etc., are programmed in the RFID tag.

Whenever vehicles crossing that area, embedded module will alert the driver to reduce acceleration. This will control accident ratio.

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22 Implementation ( Contd . . )

RFID Tag is placed inside vehicle to transmit vehicle information.

In the traffic signal management system RFID reader and display informer unit are connected with serial port of the microcontroller.

If vehicle insurance, pollution test, FC is not proper, the alert system will produce beep sound and vehicle number is displayed.

Then the traffic police can easily alert the driver / owner.

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23 Implementation Scenario

CHALLENGE

Municipality of Pendik in Istanbul, Turkey, operates a highly

trafficked parking area - owned fleet of1,000 vehicles.

The lot has four gates, far away from each other.

The municipality did not want to hire four parking lot attendants.

Use RFID to efficiently track vehicles going in and out of a parking

lot.

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24 Implementation Scenario ( Contd ..)

SOLUTION

Municipality of Pendik worked with STS technology, a Turkish RFID solutions firm, to develop vehicle tracking solution.

Each vehicle has an Alien M tag, which is applied inside the windshield.

On gates, STS deploys Alien reader for the entrance and exit to monitor the parking lot traffic.

Each reader can detect the vehicle tags from approximately five to six meters.

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25 Implementation Scenario ( Contd ..)

RESULTS

STS’s RFID solution for the municipality was able to overcome the challenges of monitoring the fleet.

Collect the data automatically and without/reduced human action.

The municipality gets reports from its IT system, and it can easily track the employee’s vehicles and parking lot status.

Drivers are not busy opening the gates — they are only driving their vehicles.

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26 Benefits of Vehicle Tracking

Better Fleet Management

Better, more accurate information

Increased safety and security

Parking Lot Access Control

Reduced operating costs

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27 Future work

OCR (Optical Character Recognition) s/w with RFID

System/module.

RFID defense technologies and applications and the use of RFID to monitor and track items safely and securely in the military supply chain.

RFID is playing at Boeing, Airbus, commercial airlines and the U.S. Department of Defense, as well as in tracking assets and ensuring homeland security.

RFID retail technologies, applications, which allow retailers to improve on-shelf availability, increase sales, cut labor costs and improve customer service.

Healthcare , logistics , manufacturing , Pharmaceautical etc…

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28 Conclusion Designed as a system to give complete solution for transport related

problems such as accident alert, Vehicle surveillance.

Extended with small changes for Toll gate control, traffic signal control, traffic rules violation control, parking management, vehicle theft and special zone alert using the latest RFID technology.

Low cost optimized solution using RFID and GSM mobile technology. This is in line with the developed countries like USA, England, German and Japan, where RFID, GPS and GSM technologies are widely used for traffic management.

No automated system for transport management in India due to prohibitive cost. Keeping this in mind , this is the proposed system at low cost.

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29 References

[1] Kumar Chaturvedula .U.P , “RFID Based Embedded System for Vehicle Tracking and Prevention of Road Accidents” Vol. 1 Issue 6, August – 2012.

[2] Manish Buhptani, Shahram Moradpour, "RFID Field Guide - Developing Radio Frequency Identification Systems", Prentice Hall,2005, pp 7-9, 16-225, 160, 231

[3] Sewon Oh, Joosang Park, Yongioon Lee, "RFID-based Middleware System for Automatic Identification", IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Information, 2005

[4] RFID Journal , ” http://www.rfidjournal.com/RFID “

[5] Alien Technology Corporation, “Turkish Municipality Gives Green Light to RFID VEHICLE TRACKING” , Field Guide , October 2007.

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