rfid in library jihee beak hohyon ryu. definition radio frequency identification technology that...
TRANSCRIPT
RFID in Library
Jihee Beak
Hohyon Ryu
Definition
• Radio Frequency Identification• Technology that uses wireless radio com-
munications for unique identification of people or assets (Singh & Midha, 2008)
• An RFID tag is a small, low-cost device that can hold a limited amount of data and re-port that data when queried over radio by a reader. (Molnar et al., 2004)
• There are no strict definitions (Robertson et al., 2003)
How it looks
Introduction
Active Passive
Require a battery
Long RangeMore Expensive
Rely entirely on the reader for energy
Short RangeCheaperHigher Durability
DC power consumption determines:1. Size of data storage2. Speed of information transfer3. Tx/Rx range4. Cost5. Size
Typical RFID System
(Lee, 2004)
Applications for RFID Tagging
• Keyless entry and smart tickets• Document identification and smart stamps• Animal identification• Automatic tolling• Offender tagging
Library RFID Applications
• Collection Management– Improvement of inventory control– Remote resource locator– Efficient for both users and librarians
• Easy to checkout and return (Self-checkout ma-chine)
• Easy to sort• Easy to find lost or hidden books
Components of RFID in Library
• Tags (Kern, 2004)
– Chip– Antenna on a foil– Cover paper or plastic label– Silicon liner
• Readers (Boss, 2003)
– Conversion station– Staff workstation at circulation– Patron self check-out station– Exit sensors– Patron self check-in station– Book drop reader– Sorter– Portable reader
Components of RFID in Library
Circulation process by RFID
Security Gates
Inventory Control Sys-tem
Technical Ser-vices workstation
Sorting sta-tion
• Penetration– Molnar(2004) reported that over 130 libraries were using
RFID in North America alone.• San Francisco Public library• Seattle Public library• Gold Coast City Council Library• Cerritos Library• Denver Public library• Lied Library, University of Nevada Las Vegas• Salt Lake City Public library
• ALA's Library & Information Technology Association (LITA)– RFID Technology Interest Group
RFID in U.S. Libraries
Security Gate Desktop Reader / Writer Self-Checkout
RFID in Korean National Library
Self-Return Book Drop Checkout machine for reserved books
Smart Shelves
RFID in Korean National Library
Printer for ID card for checkout
Machine for collection inventory
The book which has a RFID chip
RFID in Korean National Library
Advantages of using RFID in libraries
• Speedy circulation operations• High-speed inventory control• Promoting value-added user services• Protecting from stealing or lost books• Reducing the time to reshelf• Longer life than bar codes
Issues for using RFID in library
• High cost and budgeting for RFID• Limitation of materials
– Physical substance, odd shapes,
metal components like CDs
• Removal of exposed tags • Exit sensor problems• Issue about RFID’s standard
2004 2006 2008 2010 2010€0.00
€0.05€0.10€0.15€0.20€0.25€0.30€0.35€0.40€0.45€0.50
0.470.43
0.39
0.33 0.26
Price of RFID chip
(Lee, 2004)
Budgeting for RFID (Boss, 2003)
40,000 tags x $.55 $22,000
1 programmer/converter rental (3 weeks)
750
2 staff stations x $2,500 5,000
2 exit sensors x $4,000 8,000
1 wireless portable scanner
4,500
222 hours of labor x $8.00 1,775
Carpentry and electrical 975
Installation and training 3,000
250,000 tags x $.50 $137,500
5 programmer/converter rentals (2 months)
10,000
8 staff stations x $2,500 20,000
2 patron self-charging unit 40,000
3 book drop units 9,000
4 exit readers x $4,000 16,000
5 wireless portable scanners x $4,500
22,500
1375 hours of labor x $8.00
11,000
Carpentry and electrical 5,000
Installation and training 6,000
The labor cost assumes a conversion rate of three tags per minute.
Issue about RFID’s standard
Retail en-viron-ment
Inexpen-sive,Less
durable
Payment systems
More durable,More se-
cure
Li-brary envi-ron-mentInex-pen-sive,
Durable
Security Issues (1)
• Clandestine tracking and inventorying (Juels, 2005)• RFID tag broadcasts a fixed serial number to
nearby readers• RFID privacy legislation
– California• 2004: considered and rejected• 2006: Passed
– Federal Real ID Act• Development of RF-ID driver’s license• Overlooked privacy issues
Security Issues (2)
(Juels, 2005)
Security Issues (3)
• Range– UHF: more than 10 meters– HF: a couple of meters– Liquids hamper the scanning (Human Body)– In some RFID even kilometers away.
Security Issues (4)
• Authentication– Basic RFID tags are vulnerable to simple
counterfeiting attacks. – Jonathan Westhues, an undergraduate stu-
dent, describes how he constructed what is ef-fectively an RF tape-recorder. This device can read commercial proximity cards – even through walls – and simulate their signals to compromise building entry systems.
Security Problem Solutions
• Unique numbering of objects• Consistent and centralized data collection
for detection of duplicates • the American Express ExpressPayTM and
the Mastercard PayPassTM
– Cryptographic operations– Side-channel attacks– Authentication of distance
Discussion
• While RF-ID library card holders can have enormous amount of convenience, they can be revealed to privacy venerability. Do you think this privacy issues can be serious problems to keep RF-ID system from being adopted?
• Do you think RF-ID is far better than bar-code and magnetic circulation system? Is it worth to move on?
• As a future or current librarian, how do you feel about adopting cutting-edge technologies?
References
• Singh, G. & Midha, M. (2008). RFID: A new technology in library managament systems. Journal of Interlibrary Loan 18(4), 439-447
• Molnar, D. & Wagner, D. (2004). Privacy and Security in Library RFID Issues, Practices, and Architectures.
• Robertson, I. D. & Jalaly, I. (2003). RFID Tagging Explained, Communications Engineer.
• Juels, A. (2005). RFID Security and Privacy: A Research Survey. • Kern. C. (2004). Radio-frequency-identification for security and
media circulation in libraries. The Electronic Library 22(4) 317-324• Ohkubo. M, Suzuki, K. & Kinoshita, S. (2005). RFID privacy issues
and technical challenges. Communications of the ACM 48(9) 66-71
• Boss, R. W. RFID TECHNOLOGY FOR LIBRARIES. from Public Library Association. http://www.ala.org/ala/shadows/pla/plapubs/technotes/rfidtechnology.cfm
• Coyle, K. (2005). Management of RFID in Libraries. The Journal of Academic Librarianship 31(5) 486-489
• Ayre, L. B. (2004) Position Paper: RFID and Libraries from http://galecia.com/included/docs/position_rfid_permission.pdf
• Lee, E. G. (2004). RFID dissemination forecast and issues: Environment analysis, price forecast, political considerations. The Journal of Korean Information Communication Policy 16(13)
References