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Reykjavík

ReykjavíkReykjavíkurborg[1]

City and Municipality

View of Reykjavik from the top of Perlan showing the spire of Hallgrímskirkja (photograph July 2011)

Flag

Coat of arms

Location in Iceland

Coordinates: 64°08′N 21°56′W [2]

Country  Iceland

Constituency Reykjavík NorthReykjavík South

Government

 • Mayor (Borgarstjóri) Jón Gnarr

Area

 • City and Municipality 274.5 km2 (106 sq mi)

 • Metro 777 km2 (300 sq mi)

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Population (2011)

 • City and Municipality 119,108

 • Density 436.5/km2 (1,131/sq mi)

 • Metro 202,341

 • Metro density 259.4/km2 (672/sq mi)

Time zone GMT (UTC+0)

Postal code 101-155

Website www.rvk.is [3]

Reykjavík (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈreiːcaˌviːk] ( listen)) is the capital and largest city in Iceland. Its latitude, at 64°08'N, makes it the world's northernmost capital of a sovereign state. It is located in southwestern Iceland, on thesouthern shore of Faxaflói Bay. With a population of around 120,000 (and over 200,000 in the Greater ReykjavíkArea), it is the heart of Iceland's economic and governmental activity.Reykjavík is believed to be the location of the first permanent settlement in Iceland, which Ingólfur Arnarson is saidto have established around 870 C.E. Until the 18th century, there was no urban development in the city location. Thecity was founded in 1786 as an official trading town and grew steadily over the next decades, as it transformed into aregional and later national centre of commerce, population, and governmental activities. It is among the cleanest,best organized, and safest cities in the world.[citation needed]

History

Ingólfur commands his high seat pillars to beerected in this painting by Johan Peter Raadsig.

Reykjavík in the 1860s

The first permanent settlement in Iceland by Norsemen is believed tohave been established in Reykjavík by Ingólfur Arnarson from Norwayaround AD 870; this is described in Landnámabók, or the Book ofSettlement. Ingólfur Arnarson is said to have decided the location ofhis settlement using a traditional Viking method; by casting his highseat pillars (Öndvegissúlur) into the ocean when he saw the coastline,then settled where the pillars came to shore. Steam from hot springs inthe region is said to have inspired Reykjavík's name, which looselytranslates to Smoke Cove (the city is often referred to as the Bay ofSmokes or Bay of Smoke)[4] The original name was Reykjarvík withan additional "r" that vanished around 1300.[citation needed]

Reykjavík is not mentioned in any medieval sources except as a regularfarm land but the 18th century saw the beginning of urbanconcentration there. The Danish rulers of Iceland backed the idea ofdomestic industry in Iceland that would help to stimulate much-neededprogress on the island.[citation needed] In 1752, the King of Denmark,Frederik the 5th, donated the estate of Reykjavík to the InnréttingarCorporation; the name comes from Danish "indretninger", meaninginstitution. The leader of this movement was Skúli Magnússon. In the1750s several houses were constructed to house the wool industry thatwas to be Reykjavík's most important employer for a few decades andthe original reason for its existence. Other crafts were also practiced by

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the Innréttingar, such as fisheries, sulphur mining, agriculture, and shipbuilding.[citation needed]

The Danish Crown abolished monopoly trading in 1786 and granted six communities around the country anexclusive trading charter, Reykjavík was one of them and the only one to hold on to the charter permanently. Theyear 1786 is regarded as the date of the city's founding; its 200th anniversary was celebrated in 1986. Trading rightswere still limited to the subjects of the Danish Crown however, and Danish traders continued to dominate trade inIceland. Over the following decades, their business in Iceland expanded. After 1880, free trade was expanded to allnationalities and the influence of Icelandic merchants started to grow.

Rise of nationalismIcelandic nationalist sentiment gained influence in the 19th century and ideas of Icelandic independence becamewidespread. Reykjavík, as Iceland's only city, was the melting pot of such ideas. Advocates of an independentIceland realized that a strong Reykjavík was fundamental to that objective. All the important years in the history ofthe independence struggle are important for Reykjavík as well. In 1845, Alþingi, the general assembly formed in930AD, was re-established in Reykjavík; it had been suspended a few decades earlier when it was located atThingvellir. At the time it only functioned as an advisory assembly with the function of advising the King aboutIcelandic affairs. The location of Alþingi in Reykjavík effectively established the city as the capital of Iceland.In 1874 Iceland was given a constitution and with it, Alþingi gained some limited legislative powers and in essencebecame the institution that it is today. The next step was to move most of the executive power to Iceland and thatwas done by Home Rule in 1904 when the office of minister for Iceland was established in Reykjavík. The biggeststep towards an independent Iceland was taken December 1, 1918 when Iceland became a sovereign country underthe Crown of Denmark, the Kingdom of Iceland.In the 1920s and 1930s most of the growing Icelandic fishing trawler fleet sailed from Reykjavík and salt-codproduction was the main industry but the Great Depression hit Reykjavík hard with unemployment and labour unionstruggles that sometimes became violent.

World War IIIn the morning of May 10, 1940, following the German occupation of Denmark and Norway on April 9, fourwarships approached Reykjavík and anchored in the harbour. In a few hours, the allied occupation of Reykjavík wascomplete. There was no armed resistance and taxi and truck drivers even assisted the invasion force which had nomotor vehicles initially. The Icelandic government had received many requests from the British government toconsent to the occupation, but they always declined on the basis of the Neutrality Policy. For the remaining years ofWorld War II, British and later American soldiers built bases in Reykjavík; the number of foreign soldiers inReykjavík became about the same as the local population of the city. The Royal Regiment of Canada (RREGTC)formed part of the garrison in Iceland during the early part of the war.The economic effects of the occupation were quite positive for Reykjavík: the unemployment of the depression yearsvanished and construction work was begun. The British built Reykjavík Airport, which is still in service today,mostly serving domestic flights; the Americans built Keflavík Airport, which later became Iceland's primaryinternational airport, situated 50 km from Reykjavík. In 1944 the Republic of Iceland was founded and a presidentelected in popular elections replaced the King; the office of the president was placed in Reykjavík.

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Post-war developmentIn the post-war years, the growth of Reykjavík accelerated. A mass exodus from the rural countryside began, largelydue to improved technology in agriculture that reduced the need for manpower, and because of the population boomresulting from better living conditions in the country. A once primitive village was rapidly transformed into amodern city. Private cars became common and modern apartment complexes rose in the expanding suburbs. Much ofReykjavík lost its village feel. In 1972, Reykjavík hosted the world chess championship between Bobby Fischer andBoris Spassky.Reykjavík has in the last two decades become a significant player in the global community. The 1986 ReykjavíkSummit between Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev underlined Reykjavík's new-found international status.Deregulation in the financial sector and the computer revolution of the 1990s have transformed Reykjavík yet again.The financial sector and information technology are now significant employers in the city. The city has fosteredsome world famous talents in recent years, such as Björk, Ólafur Arnalds and bands Múm, Sigur Rós, and OfMonsters and Men, and poet Sjón.

Geography

Reykjavík seen from above

Esja, the mountain range in the north ofReykjavík.

Reykjavík is located in southwest Iceland. The Reykjavík areacoastline is characterized by peninsulas, coves, straits, and islands.

During the Ice Age (up to 10,000 years ago) a large glacier coveredparts of the city area, reaching as far out as Álftanes. Other parts of thecity area were covered by sea water. In the warm periods and at the endof the Ice Age, some hills like Öskjuhlíð were islands. The former sealevel is indicated by sediments (with clams) reaching (at Öskjuhlíð, forexample) as far as 43 m (141.08 ft) above the current sea level. Thehills of Öskjuhlíð and Skólavörðuholt appear to be the remains offormer shield volcanoes which were active during the warm periods ofthe Ice Age.

After the Ice Age, the land rose as the heavy load of the glaciers fellaway, and began to look as it does today.The capital city area continued to be shaped by earthquakes andvolcanic eruptions, like the one 4500 years ago in the mountain rangeBláfjöll, when the lava coming down the Elliðaá valley reached the seaat the bay of Elliðavogur.

The largest river to run through Reykjavík is the Elliðaá River, whichis non-navigable. It is one of the best salmon fishing rivers in thecountry. Mt. Esja, at 914 m (2,998.69 ft), is the highest mountain in the vicinity of Reykjavík.

The city of Reykjavík is mostly located on the Seltjarnarnes peninsula, but the suburbs reach far out to the south andeast. Reykjavík is a spread-out city; most of its urban area is in the form of low-density suburbs, and houses areusually widely spaced. The outer residential neighborhoods are also widely spaced from each other; in between themrun the main traffic arteries and a lot of empty space.

Panorama of Reykjavík seen from Perlan with the mountains Akrafjall (middle) and Esja (right) in the background

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Climate

Reykjavík

Climate chart (explanation)

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Average max. and min. temperatures in °C

Precipitation totals in mm

Source: WMO

Imperial conversion

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Average max. and min. temperatures in °F

Precipitation totals in inches

Temperatures very rarely drop below −15 °C (5 °F) in the winter. This is because the Icelandic coastal weather in winter is moderated by the warm waters of the Gulf Stream. The climate is subpolar oceanic (Koppen: Cfc ), and the city is on the northern edge of the temperate zone. The city's coastal location does make it prone to wind, however, and gales are common in winter. Summers are cool, with temperatures fluctuating between 10 to 15 °C (50 to 59 °F), sometimes exceeding 20 °C (68 °F). Reykjavík is not a particularly wet city, but it nevertheless averages 148 days with measurable precipitation every year. Droughts are uncommon although they occur in some summers. In the summer of 2007, no rain was measured for one month. Spring tends to be the sunniest season, May particularly. Annual sunshine hours in Reykjavík are around 1,300,[5] which is comparable with other places in Northern and

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North-Eastern Europe, such as Glasgow, Scotland. The highest ever recorded temperature in Reykjavík was 26.2 °C(79 °F), recorded on July 30, 2008, while the lowest ever recorded temperature was −24.5 °C (−12 °F), recorded onJanuary 21, 1918.[6] The temperature has not dropped to below −20 °C (−4 °F) since January 30, 1971.[7]

Climate data for Reykjavik (normals 1981–2010, extremes 1949–present)

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Record high °C(°F)

10.7(51.3)

9.9(49.8)

11.7(53.1)

14.7(58.5)

20.6(69.1)

22.4(72.3)

26.2(79.2)

24.8(76.6)

18.5(65.3)

15.7(60.3)

12.6(54.7)

12.0(53.6)

26.2(79.2)

Average high°C (°F)

2.5(36.5)

2.8(37)

3.4(38.1)

6.1(43)

9.7(49.5)

12.4(54.3)

14.2(57.6)

13.6(56.5)

10.9(51.6)

7.0(44.6)

4.1(39.4)

3.1(37.6)

7.48(45.48)

Average low °C(°F)

−2.4(27.7)

−2.4(27.7)

−1.9(28.6)

0.5(32.9)

3.8(38.8)

7.0(44.6)

8.8(47.8)

8.4(47.1)

5.7(42.3)

2.2(36)

−0.5(31.1)

−1.8(28.8)

2.28(36.12)

Record low °C(°F)

−19.7(−3.5)

−17.6(0.3)

−16.4(2.5)

−16.4(2.5)

−7.7(18.1)

−0.7(30.7)

2.7(36.9)

−0.4(31.3)

−4.4(24.1)

−10.6(12.9)

−15.1(4.8)

−16.8(1.8)

−19.7(−3.5)

Precipitationmm (inches)

80.6(3.173)

85.9(3.382)

81.4(3.205)

56.0(2.205)

52.8(2.079)

44.2(1.74)

52.7(2.075)

68.6(2.701)

71.8(2.827)

74.3(2.925)

79.5(3.13)

94.3(3.713)

841.9(33.146)

Mean monthlysunshine hours

20.0 59.6 109.3 164.2 200.8 173.8 168.1 155.1 119.7 93.0 41.0 21.6 1,326.2

Source: Iceland Met Office [8]

Cityscape

Colorful rooftops lineReykjavík.

Central Reykjavík seenfrom Hallgrímskirkja

The Menntaskóli, the oldhigh school of Reykjavík.

The Arni Magnusson Foundation,Reykjavík.

Þjóðmenningarhúsið View fromSkólavörðustígur

Tjörnin (The Pond) in centralReykjavík.

Panorama of the northern seashore of Reykjavík, as seen from Örfirisey.

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City administrationThe Reykjavik City Council governs the city of Reykjavík according to law number 45/1998[9] and is directlyelected by those aged over 18 domiciled in the city. The council has 15 members who are elected using the open listmethod for 4 year terms.The council selects members of boards, and each board controls a different field under the city council's authority.The most important board is the City Board that wields the executive rights along with the City Mayor. The CityMayor is the senior public official and also the director of city operations. Other public officials control cityinstitutions under the mayor's authority. Thus the administration consists of two different parts:•• The political power of City Council cascading down to other boards•• Public officials under the authority of the city mayor who administer and manage implementation of policy.

Political controlThe Independence Party had overall control of the city council from the party's establishment in 1929 until 1978,when they narrowly lost their overall majority. From 1978 to 1982 the People's Alliance, the Social DemocraticParty and the Progressive Party formed the majority of the council.The Independence Party regained overall control in the 1982 elections, and held it until 1994. At that election itsopponents had formed an alliance, called Reykjavíkurlistinn, or the R-list. That alliance had overall control until2006. In the May 2006 elections the electorate could choose between five different parties, three of which hadformed the R-list. The Independence Party obtained 7 members of the council, and thus failed to gain overall control,but together with the Progressive Party, and its one council member, they were able to form a new majority in thecouncil which took over in June 2006. In October 2007 a new majority was formed on the council, consisting ofmembers of the Progressive Party (1), the Social Democratic Alliance (4), the Left-Greens (2) and the F-list (1)(liberals and independents), after controversy regarding REI, a subsidiary of OR, the city's energy company.However three months later the leader of the F-list formed a new majority together with the Independence Party.Ólafur F. Magnússon, the leader of the F-list, was elected mayor on 24 January 2008, and in March 2009 theIndependence Party was due to appoint a new mayor. This changed once again on 14 August 2008 when the fourthmajority of the season was formed, when the Independence Party and the Progressive party took over again, withHanna Birna Kristjánsdóttir becoming mayor. The latest election in May 2010 saw a new political party, The BestParty, win the most seats on the council.[]

MayorThe mayor is appointed by the city council; usually one of the council members is chosen but they may also appointa mayor who is not a member of the council.The office of mayor was introduced from 1907, and in 1908 applications for that position were requested. Twoapplications were received, from Páll Einarsson, sheriff and town mayor of Hafnarfjörður and from Knud Zimsen,town councillor in Reykjavík. Páll was appointed on 7 May and was mayor for six years. At that time the city mayorreceived a salary of 4500 ISK per year and 1500 ISK for office expenses. The current mayor is Jón Gnarr.

Timeline of mayors

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Mayor From To

Páll Einarsson 7 May 1908 7 May 1914

Knud Zimsen 7 May 1914 30 December 1932

Jón Þorláksson 30 December 1932 20 March 1935

Pétur Halldórsson 20 March 1935 26 November 1940

Bjarni Benediktsson 26 November 1940 10 February 1947

Gunnar Thoroddsen 10 February 1947 19 November 1960

Auður Auðuns andGeir Hallgrímsson

19 November 1959 6 October 1960

Geir Hallgrímsson 6 October 1960 1 December 1972

Birgir Ísleifur Gunnarsson 1 December 1972 15 August 1978

Egill Skúli Ingibergsson 15 August 1978 27 May 1982

Davíð Oddsson 27 May 1982 16 July 1991

Markús Örn Antonsson 16 July 1991 17 March 1994

Árni Sigfússon 17 March 1994 13 June 1994

Ingibjörg Sólrún Gísladóttir 13 June 1994 1 February 2003

Þórólfur Árnason 1 February 2003 30 November 2004

Steinunn Valdís Óskarsdóttir 30 November 2004 13 June 2006

Vilhjálmur Þ. Vilhjálmsson 13 June 2006 16 October 2007

Dagur B. Eggertsson 16 October 2007 24 January 2008

Ólafur F. Magnússon 24 January 2008 21 August 2008

Hanna Birna Kristjánsdóttir 21 August 2008 15 June 2010

Jón Gnarr 15 June 2010

DemographicsReykjavík is the largest and most populous settlement in Iceland. Present-day Reykjavík is a city with people from atleast 100 countries. The most common ethnic minorities are Poles, Filipinos, and Danes. In 2009, foreign-bornindividuals made up 8% of the total population.[10] Children of foreign origin form a more considerable minority inthe city's schools (as much as a third in places), many of whom are adopted.[11] Although in addition to immigrantinhabitants, the city is visited by thousands of tourists, students and other temporary residents weekly, at timesoutnumbering natives in the city-centre, tending to be educated upper middle-class Scandinavians, other Europeans,North Americans, or Japanese.[12]

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Historical population of Reykjavík.

Year City Metro

1801 600 -

1860 1,450 -

1901 6,321 8,221

1910 11,449 14,534

1920 17,450 21,347

1930 28,052 33,867

1940 38,308 43,483

1950 55,980 64,813

1960 72,407 88,315

1970 81,693 106,152

1980 83,766 121,698

1985 89,868 --

1990 97,569 145,980

1995 104,258 --

2000 110,852 175,000

2005 114,800 187,105

2006 115,420 191,612

2007 117,721 196,161

2008 119,848 201,585

2011 119,108 202,341

The population of Reykjavík in 2011 was 119,848, the combined population of the Greater Reykjavík Area beingabout 202,341. Six of the municipalities of Iceland are in the capital city area, those are as listed below:• Álftanes: 2,484• Garðabær: 10,272• Hafnarfjörður: 26,099• Kópavogur: 30,779• Mosfellsbær: 8,642• Seltjarnarnes: 4,445

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DistrictsReykjavík is divided into 10 districts.

• Vesturbær (District 1)• Miðborg (District 2, city centre)• Hlíðar (District 3)• Laugardalur (District 4)• Háaleiti og Bústaðir (District 5)• Breiðholt (District 6)• Árbær (District 7)• Grafarvogur (District 8)• Kjalarnes (District 9)• Grafarholt og Úlfarsárdalur (District 10)

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Economy

Sæbraut

Borgartún is the financial centre of Reykjavík, hostinga large number of companies and three investmentbanks.

Old whaling ships Hvalur 6, 7, 8 and 9

Reykjavík has been at the centre of Iceland's economic growth andsubsequent economic contraction over the lastdecade,Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words a period referred to in foreignmedia as the "Nordic Tiger" years,[13][14] or "Iceland's BoomYears".[15] The economic boom led to a sharp increase in construction,with large redevelopment projects such as Harpa concert hall andconference centre and others.

In 2009, Reykjavík was listed as the richest city in the world in 2007by The Economist Group[citation needed].

Major companies• 66°NORTH - clothing manufacturer• 365 - mass media company• Advania - information technology service corporation• Air Iceland - airline• Arctic Trucks - vehicle modifications• ÁTVR - alcohol and tobacco store• Carbon Recycling International - renewable methanol company• CCP Games - video game developer and publisher• Dagsbrún - telecommunications and media conglomerate• Eimskipafélag Íslands - shipping company• FRISK Software International - software company• Hagar - retail store holding company• Hagkaup - hypermarket chain• HB Grandi - fishing and fish processing company• Icelandair - airline• Icelandair Group - airline• Íslandsbanki - bank• Íslandspóstur - postal service

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• deCODE genetics - biopharmaceutical company• Mannvit Engineering - engineering firm• Marorka - marine energy management and research company• MP Bank - bank• NBI - bank• Nói Síríus - chocolate and confection manufacturer• Nyherji - information technology service corporation• Össur - orthopaedics manufacturer• RÚV - mass media company• Síminn - telecommunications company• WOW air - airline

Infrastructure

Reykjavík Airport, including the Icelandair headoffice and the Icelandair-owned Hotel Loftleiðir

Roads

Per capita car ownership in Iceland is among the highest in the world atroughly 522 vehicles per 1,000 residents,[16] though Reykjavík is notseverely affected by congestion. Several multi-lane highways (mainlydual carriageways) run between the most heavily populated areas andmost frequently driven routes. Parking spaces are also plentiful in mostareas. Public transportation consists of a bus system (called Strætó bs).Route 1 (the Ring Road) runs through the city outskirts and connects itto the rest of Iceland.

Airports and seaports

Reykjavík Airport, the second largest airport in the country (after Keflavík International Airport), is positioned insidethe city, just south of the city centre. It is mainly used for domestic flights as well as flights to Greenland and theFaroe Islands. It was built there by the British occupation force during World War II, when it was on the outskirts ofthe then much smaller Reykjavík. Since 1962 there has been some controversy regarding the location of the airport,since it takes up a lot of valuable space in central Reykjavík.

Reykjavík has two seaports, the old harbour near the city centre which is mainly used by fishermen and cruise shipsand Sundahöfn in the east city which is the largest cargo port in the country.

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Railways

Two steam locomotives were used to build theharbour Reykjavík Docks railway; both are now

on display in Reykjavík.

There are no public railways in Iceland, due to its terrain, but thelocomotives used to build the docks are on display.

District heating

Volcanic activity in Iceland provides Reykjavík with geothermalheating systems for both residential- and industrial districts. In 2008,natural hot water was used to heat roughly 90% of all buildings inIceland.[17] With total use of geothermal energy being at 39 PJ, spaceheating accounted for 48%.

Most of the district heating in Iceland comes from three maingeothermal power plants, producing over 800 MWth:[18]

•• Svartsengi combined heat and power plant (CHP)•• Nesjavellir CHP plant•• Hellisheidi CHP plant

Cultural heritageThe "Culture House" was opened in 1909 and has a number of important exhibits. Originally the National Museumand Natural History Museum, in 2000 it was re-modelled to promote the Icelandic national heritage. Many ofIceland's national treasures are on display, such as the Poetic Edda, and the Sagas, in their original manuscripts.There are also changing exhibitions on various topics.[19]

Lifestyle

Nightlife

Laugavegur main street in downtown Reykjavík

Reykjavík is famous for its weekend nightlife.[citation needed] Icelanderstend to go out late so bars that look rather quiet can fill upsuddenly—usually after midnight on a weekend.

Alcohol is relatively expensive at bars. People tend to drink at homebefore going out. Beer was banned in Iceland until 1 March 1989, buthas since become popular among many Icelanders as their alcoholicdrink of choice.[20]

There are over 100 different bars and clubs in Reykjavík[citation needed];most of them are located on Laugavegur and its side streets. It is verycommon for an establishment that is a café before dinner to turn into abar in the evening. Closing time is usually around 4:30 am at weekends and 1 am during the week. The IcelandAirwaves music festival is annually staged in October.

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New Year's Eve

Crowds gather for celebratory fireworks on NewYear's Eve, near Hallgrimskirkja

The arrival of the new year is a particular cause for celebration to thepeople of Reykjavík. Icelandic law states that anyone may purchaseand use fireworks during a certain period around New Year's Eve. As aresult, every New Year's Eve the city is lit up with fireworks displays.

Main sights

• Alþingishúsið — the Icelandic parliament• The Culture House, National Centre for Cultural Heritage,

Hversfigata 15, 101 Reykjavík. tel 545 1400[21]

• Bæjarins Beztu Pylsur — a small hotdog stand in central Reykjavík• Blue Lagoon — geothermal spa located near Reykjavík• CIA.IS - Center for Icelandic Art — general information on Icelandic visual art• Hallgrímskirkja — the largest church in Iceland• Harpa Reykjavík - Reykjavík Concert & Conference Center• Heiðmörk — the largest forest and nature reserve in the area• Höfði — the house in which Gorbachev and Reagan met in 1986 for the Iceland Summit• Kringlan — the second largest mall in Iceland• Laugardalslaug — Swimming pool• Laugavegur — main shopping street• Nauthólsvík — a geothermally heated beach• Perlan — a glass dome resting on five water tanks• Rauðhólar — a cluster of red volcanic craters• Ráðhús Reykjavíkur — city hall• Reykjavik Art Museum — the largest visual art institution in Iceland• Tjörnin — the pond• National and University Library of Iceland (Þjóðarbókhlaðan)• National Museum of Iceland (Þjóðminjasafnið)•• University of Iceland• Árbæjarsafn (Reykjavík Open Air Museum) — Reykjavík's Municipal Museum• Reykjavík 871±2 — exhibition of an archaeological excavation of a Viking age longhouse, from about 930 AD• Vikin Maritime Museum - a maritime museum located by the old harbour

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Education

Secondary schools• Fjölbrautaskólinn í Breiðholti (FB)• Menntaskólinn í Reykjavík (MR)• Menntaskólinn við Hamrahlíð (MH)• Menntaskólinn við Sund (MS)• Borgarholtsskóli (Borgó)• Fjölbrautaskólinn við Ármúla (FÁ)•• Menntaskólinn Hraðbraut• Kvennaskólinn í Reykjavík (Kvennó)•• Tækniskólinn• Verzlunarskóli Íslands (Verzló)

Universities•• The University of Iceland•• Reykjavík University•• Iceland Academy of the Arts

Sports teams• Glímufélagið Ármann (Ármann)•• Ungmennafélagið Fjölnir•• Fylkir•• Fram• Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur (KR Reykjavík)•• Víkingur•• Þróttur• Knattspyrnufélagið Valur (Valur)• Íþróttafélag fatlaðra í Reykjavík — for disabled people• Íþróttafélag Reykjavíkur (Í.R.)•• Skotfélag Reykjavíkur•• Skautafélag Reykjavíkur•• Tennis- og badmintonfélag Reykjavíkur•• Skylmingafélag Reykjavíkur•• Leiknir

Twin towns and sister cities

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•  Baku, Azerbaijan •  Oslo, Norway

•  Caracas, Venezuela •  Saint Petersburg, Russia

•  Copenhagen, Denmark •  Seattle, United States

•  Helsinki, Finland •  Stockholm, Sweden

•  Kingston upon Hull, United Kingdom •  Strumica, F.Y. Republic of Macedonia

•  La Paz, Bolivia •  Tórshavn, Faroe Islands

•  Moscow, Russia[] •  Vilnius, Lithuania

•  Nuuk, Greenland •  Winnipeg, Canada

•  Zevenaar, Netherlands

In July 2013, mayor Jón Gnarr filed a motion before the city council to terminate the city's relationship withMoscow, in response to a trend of anti-gay legislation in Russia. According to The Daily Telegraph, "Mr Gnarr haslong been an advocate for gay rights, appearing in Gay Pride parades in drag"; in 2009, Iceland was the first moderncountry to have an openly LGBT head of government (Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, who is a lesbian), and the Alþingiunanimously legalized same-sex marriage in 2010.

Notes[1] Referred to the "City of Reykjavík"[2] http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ geohack/ geohack. php?pagename=Reykjav%C3%ADk&

params=64_08_N_21_56_W_type:city(119108)_region:IS[3] http:/ / www. rvk. is/[5] The weather of 2010 in Iceland (http:/ / en. vedur. is/ about-imo/ news/ 2011/ nr/ 2112) Icelandic Met Office[8][8] Retrieved on January 4, 2013.[10] Foreign citizens in Reykjavík by districts 2002-2010 (http:/ / www. statice. is/ ?PageID=1174& src=/ temp_en/ Dialog/ varval.

asp?ma=MAN04211& ti=Foreign+ citizens+ in+ Reykjavík+ by+ districts+ 2002-2010+ & path=. . / Database/ mannfjoldi/ Rikisfang/ &lang=1& units=Number/ Percentage) Reference Icelandic Statistical Bureau

[11] http:/ / reykjavik. is/ Portaldata/ 1/ Resources/ leikskolasvid/ reykjavik_fjolmenningarborg_barna. pdf[19][19] Guide leaflet to the Culture House 2008, published by the National Centre for Cultural Heritage.

References• Hermannsdóttir, Edda (2006-07-03). "Consumption of alcoholic beverages 2005" (http:/ / www. hagstofa. is/

lisalib/ getfile. aspx?ItemID=3893). Prices and consumption. Reykjavík: Hagstofa Íslands. Retrieved 2007-02-01.

External links• Reykjavik official blog website (http:/ / www. reykjavik. com/ ) (in English)• Official website (http:/ / www. reykjavik. is/ en/ ) (in Icelandic/English)• Visit Reykjavík (http:/ / www. visitreykjavik. is/ ) - official English travel site• Live webcam to Reykjavíkurtjörn (http:/ / live. mila. is/ english/ tjornin/ )Coordinates: 64°08′00″N 21°56′00″W (http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ geohack/ geohack. php?pagename=ReykjavÃk&params=64_08_00_N_21_56_00_W_type:city)

Article Sources and Contributors 17

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Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:Reykjavik, Iceland-13July2011.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reykjavik,_Iceland-13July2011.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0  Contributors:Srikanth Jandhyala from San FranciscoFile:Flag of Reykjavik, Iceland.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Reykjavik,_Iceland.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: 32X, Connormah, Fry1989,Reykholt, TommyBee, XenophonFile:Reykjavik Coat of Arms.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reykjavik_Coat_of_Arms.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: 32X, Arthur Diebold,Connormah, Massimop, Xenophon, 1 anonymous editsfile:Iceland location map.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Iceland_location_map.svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors:NordNordWestFile:Flag of Iceland.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Iceland.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: User:Zscout370, User:Ævar Arnfjörð BjarmasonFile:Speaker Icon.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Speaker_Icon.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Blast, G.Hagedorn, Mobius, Tehdog, 2 anonymous editsFile:Ingolf by Raadsig.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ingolf_by_Raadsig.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Artwork by Johan Peter Raadsig (1806 - 1882),photograph by User:HaukurthFile:Reykjavik 1860s.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reykjavik_1860s.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Sigfús Eymundsson (1837 - 1911)File:Reykjavikfromabove.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reykjavikfromabove.jpg  License: Creative Commons Zero  Contributors: User:BlåmesFile:Reykjavik Esja.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reykjavik_Esja.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: MartinPutzFile:Reykjavik_Perlan.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reykjavik_Perlan.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0  Contributors:Napoleon tntFile:Magnify-clip.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Magnify-clip.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: User:Erasoft24File:Reykjavik rooftops.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reykjavik_rooftops.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0  Contributors: BjørnGiesenbauerFile:Islande - Rekjavik du haut de la cathédrale.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Islande_-_Rekjavik_du_haut_de_la_cathédrale.JPG  License: Creative CommonsAttribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported  Contributors: Yelkrokoyadefile:Reykjavik Menntaskoli.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reykjavik_Menntaskoli.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors:MartinPutzfile:Reykjavik Stofnun Árna Magnússonar.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reykjavik_Stofnun_Árna_Magnússonar.jpg  License: Creative CommonsAttribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: MartinPutzfile:Iceland-Reykjavik-Thjodmenningarhus-1.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Iceland-Reykjavik-Thjodmenningarhus-1.jpg  License: GNU Free DocumentationLicense  Contributors: Guðmundur D. Haraldssonfile:Skólavörðustígur.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Skólavörðustígur.JPG  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: User:Molde20File:The pond.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:The_pond.jpg  License: GNU Free Documentation License  Contributors: Fingalo, Maksim, Mircea, ReykholtFile:Reykjavík panorama1.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reykjavík_panorama1.JPG  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike  Contributors: OgkeltFile:Reykjavik hverfi alt.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reykjavik_hverfi_alt.svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported  Contributors:AkigkaFile:Saebraut 02.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Saebraut_02.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0  Contributors: Christian BickelFile:Hvalur 6, 7, 8 and 9.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Hvalur_6,_7,_8_and_9.JPG  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors:User:Molde20File:HotelLoftleidir.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:HotelLoftleidir.JPG  License: Public Domain  Contributors: TommyBeeFile:RHR-Minor.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:RHR-Minor.JPG  License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0  Contributors: User:Timothy TitusFile:Laugarvegur01.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Laugarvegur01.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Fingalo, Reykholt

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 18

File:ReykjavikNewYr.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:ReykjavikNewYr.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Fancy-cats-are-happy-catsFile:WP baku siegel.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:WP_baku_siegel.png  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: Jahn HenneFile:Oslo komm.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Oslo_komm.svg  License: unknown  Contributors: SiljeFile:Caracas escudo.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Caracas_escudo.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Chatsam, Heralder, Kornbluth, Massimop,Shadowxfox, 1 anonymous editsFile:Coat of Arms of St Petersburg (1780).png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Coat_of_Arms_of_St_Petersburg_(1780).png  License: Public Domain  Contributors:Butko, Panther, 1 anonymous editsFile:Lesser coat of arms of Copenhagen.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Copenhagen.svg  License: Creative CommonsAttribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Copenhagen.svg: *Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_City_of_Brussels.svg: S. Solberg J. and autors of source filesGreater_Coat_of_Arms_of_Belgium.svg: Ssolbergj POL_COA_Rymer.svg: Projekt graficzny: Tadeusz Gajl, :POL COA blank.svg: Tadeusz Gajl, vector version: Bastian, Other elements:Avalokitesvara Coat_of_Arms_of_the_July_Monarchy_(1830-31).svg: Sodacan derivative work: Ssolbergj (talk) derivative work: P. S. Burton (talk)File:Coats of arms of None.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Coats_of_arms_of_None.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: concept: Rainer Zenz (2004) SVGand small adaptions: Huhsunqu and TMFile:Helsinki.vaakuna.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Helsinki.vaakuna.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Drawn by NingyouModified by -Majestic-File:Stockholm vapen bra.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Stockholm_vapen_bra.svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.5  Contributors: KoyosFile:Coat of arms of Strumica Municipality.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Coat_of_arms_of_Strumica_Municipality.svg  License: Creative CommonsAttribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: User:MacedonianBoyFile:Coat of arms of La Paz.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Coat_of_arms_of_La_Paz.png  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors:SsolbergjFile:Coat of arms of Tórshavn.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Coat_of_arms_of_Tórshavn.svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:SsolbergjFile:Coat of Arms of Moscow.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Moscow.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Original Author:Vector-Images.com Converted to SVG by: Oren neu dagFile:Coat of arms of Vilnius Gold.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius_Gold.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: ArzFile:Nuuk Coat of Arms.gif  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Nuuk_Coat_of_Arms.gif  License: Public Domain  Contributors: PDFile:Blason ville ca Winnipeg (Manitoba).svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Blason_ville_ca_Winnipeg_(Manitoba).svg  License: Creative CommonsAttribution-Share Alike  Contributors: User:SpedonaFile:Arms of Zevenaar.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Arms_of_Zevenaar.svg  License: Creative Commons Zero  Contributors: Darwinius, Ssolbergj

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