•èÿÊ‚ 7 : •√ÿÿ¬ŒÊÁŸ

Read the following sentences carefully :

(1) •Ã— •òÊÒfl ÁŸªÍ…Ù ÷ÍàflÊ ÁÃDÔUÊÁ◊ –

(2) ¬⁄UãÃÈ ◊Œ˜÷ÿÊØ Ÿ Á∑§ÁÜøØ flŒÁà –

(3) ŸÍŸ◊˜ •ÁS◊Ÿ˜ Á’‹ Á‚¢„U— •ÁSà ßÁà Ã∑¸§ÿÊÁ◊ –

In the words used in above sentences, some words are noun forms and some are verb

forms (ÁÃæU˜ãà - verb forms). Both kinds of words, you have already studied, so you can

recognize them. Now look at the words underlined. These words are adverbs.

For adverbs it is said...

‚ŒÎ‡Ê¢ ÁòÊ·È Á‹æU˜ª·È ‚flʸ‚È ø Áfl÷ÁQ§·È –

fløŸ·È ø ‚fl·È ÿ㟠√ÿÁà Ì√ÿÿ◊˜ H

It means that the word, which does not change in all the three genders (Á‹æ˜Uª), all

cases (Áfl÷ÁÄÃ) and in all numbers (fløŸ) is called Adverb. You know that every noun has

a geneder and the form of that noun changes according to seven cases and three numbers.

You have studied this in lesson-3. e.g. -

(1) ¿ÊòÊ— •òÊ ¬∆UÁà –

(2) àfl◊˜ •òÊ ¿UÊòÊÊŸ˜ ¬‡ÿÁ‚ –

(3) ¿UÊòÊÊÿ •òÊ ¬ÈSÃ∑¢§ ŒŒÊÁà –

In above sentences, word ¿ÊòÊ is used in different forms. But the word •òÊ used

in all the three sentences is same. Such word forms used in the same form at every place

are adverbs (•√ÿÿs). They are indeclinable.

The Adverbs and their meanings used in each lesson are given in glossary written

at the end of every lesson.

Now read the following sentences :

(1) ŸÍŸ◊˜ (ÁŸpÿŸ) •ÁS◊Ÿ˜ Á’‹ Á‚¢„U— •ÁSà –

(2) ¿UÊòÊ— •òÊ (•ÁS◊Ÿ˜ SÕÊŸ) ¬∆UÁà –

(3) fl·Ê¸ ∑§ŒÊ (∑§ÁS◊Ÿ˜ ∑§Ê‹) ÷flÁà –

•èÿÊ‚ 7 : •√ÿÿ¬ŒÊÁŸ 115

In above sentences the words underlined are adverbs. To explain same meaning of these

adverbs, noun forms having case and number are given in brackets. It shows that there are

several adverbs in place of which noun forms having case and number are used. These kinds

of adverbs are as follows :

•l (•ÁS◊Ÿ˜ ÁŒŸ), E— (•ÊªÊ◊Ë ÁŒfl‚—), sÔ— (ªÃ— ÁŒfl‚—), ߌʟË◊˜ (•ÁS◊Ÿ˜ ∑§Ê‹),

•œÈŸÊ (•ÁS◊Ÿ˜ ∑§Ê‹), ‚ê¬˝Áà (•ÁS◊Ÿ˜ ∑§Ê‹), ÿŒÊ (ÿÁS◊Ÿ˜ ∑§Ê‹), ÃŒÊ (ÃÁS◊Ÿ˜ ∑§Ê‹), ∑§ŒÊ (∑§ÁS◊Ÿ˜

∑§Ê‹), ‚fl¸ŒÊ (‚fl¸ÁS◊Ÿ˜ ∑§Ê‹), ÿòÊ (ÿÁS◊Ÿ˜ SÕÊŸ), ÃòÊ (ÃÁS◊Ÿ˜ SÕÊŸ), ∑ȧòÊ (∑§ÁS◊Ÿ˜ SÕÊŸ),

‚fl¸òÊ (‚fl¸ÁS◊Ÿ˜ SÕÊŸ), ÿ× (ÿS◊ÊØ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊÊØ), Ã× (ÃS◊ÊØ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊÊØ), •Ã— (•S◊ÊØ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊÊØ),

∑ȧ× (∑§S◊ÊØ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊÊØ), ÿÕÊ (ÿŸ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄UáÊ), ÃÕÊ (ß ¬˝∑§Ê⁄UáÊ)

(Note : Relative past participles (‚¢’¢œ∑§ ÷ÍÃ∑ΧŒãÃ) and Infinitives („UàflÕ ∑ΧŒãÃ) which you

have studied in lesson-5 (•èÿÊ‚-5) are also adverbs.)

Exercise

1. •œÙÁ‹ÁπÃÊŸÊ◊˜ •√ÿÿÊŸÊ◊˜ •ÕZ Á‹πà –

(1) ∑ȧòÊ (2) ÃŒÊ (3) ¬˝Ê×

(4) E— (5) Ÿ (6) flÊ

2. Á⁄UÄÃSÕÊŸÊÁŸ ¬Í⁄Uÿà –

(1) ............... ⁄UÊ¡Ê ÃÕÊ ¬˝¡Ê – (ÿÕÊ, ÃŒÊ, ∑§ŒÊ)

(2) ‚Íÿ¸¬˝∑§Ê‡Ê— ............... •ÁSà – (‚fl¸òÊ, ∑§Sÿ, ÿ×)

(3) Á¬ÃÊ ............... ¬˝flÊ‚¢ ªÁ◊cÿÁà – (ÿ×, ∑§ŒÊ, ÿòÊ)

(4) ◊◊ ‚◊ˬ◊˜ ............... •Êªë¿U – (ÃòÊ, ÿòÊ, •òÊ)

(5) ............... Ÿ◊¸ŒÊ fl„UÁà Ã× ªXÔUÊ Ÿ fl„UÁà – (ÿòÊ, ÃòÊ, ÿ×)

3. •œÙÁ‹ÁπÃÊŸÊ◊˜ •√ÿÿÊŸÊ◊˜ ©U¬ÿÙªŸ flÊÄÿÊÁŸ ⁄Uøÿà –

©UŒÊ„U⁄UáÊ◊˜ — •òÊ-ÃòÊ – •òÊ ¬ÈSÃ∑§◊˜ •ÁSà ÃòÊ •Ê‚㌗ •ÁSà –

(1) ÿŒÊ-ÃŒÊ ........................................................................

(2) ÿ×-Ã× ........................................................................

(3) ‚fl¸òÊ ........................................................................

(4) ∑§ŒÊ ........................................................................

à à à

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