441REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS.

Reviews and Notices of Books.The Scientific Temper in Religion, and Otleer Addresses. By

the Rev. P. N. WAGGETT, M.A., of the Society ofSt. John the Evangelist. London: Longmans, Green,and Co. 1905. Pp. xii.-286. Price 4s 6d. net.

THE charming series of addresses delivered at various

times in the form of sermons by the Rev. P. N. Waggett andnow published as a book of essays under the general title ofthe " Scientific Temper in Religion " should be read by allthoughtful and philosophically minded men, and will espe-cially appeal to members of the medical profession. Theessays form no apologia to the Christian for his religion;they contain no polemical criticism of the tenets of scienceand offer no presentation of the supposed antagonismbetween science and religion ; they constitute rather a

thoughtful and suggestive plea for mutual understanding,respect, and assistance on the part of these two great schoolsof thought and action.

In the introductory chapter Father Waggett points outthat in what he terms " the upper regions of educated life

"

there is at the present time a pause in the controversy,making a good opportunity for mutual adjustment ofdifferences. He terms this pause happily a "truce byestrangement " and he suggests that the cause of the cessa-tion of hostilities is threefold. Firstly we have the readjust-ment of thought on the part of orthodoxy, whereby manyreligious statements are differently expressed and explained;secondly, we have the vigorous condition of natural science,its broader field of work, and the greater caution incidentalto the incraased broadness of view; and thirdly, the factthat the Church has been fully occupied with its own

problems, notably in regard to the results of critical researchand the Ritschlian theology. This last circumstance is well

put by Father Waggett in the following sentence : " Men aremuch too hard at work in adjusting our new ideas of whatreligion is with the old words which already enshrinethem to be keenly interested about dangers supposed toarise from friction between the Bible record and the dis-

coveries of natural science." The result of this pre-occupation of science and religion each with its own

problems has been that each has advanced on its ownlines ignoring the other in a spirit of despair of reachingagreement or coincidence. What is needed is a bettermutual understanding, or again to quote from thevolume under notice : " If in science we need and welcomea spirit and a method of patience, on the side of religionwe need and ought to show a more truly scientific temper.Father Waggett points out that science and religion do

not progress along coincident or even parallel lines butrather in converging directions ; it is therefore not to be

expected that they should entirely agree or even be able toexpress their tenets without discrepancies, but since both areadvancing each should regard the work of the other withreverence, patience, tolerance, and moderation.The second address is that which gives its title to the

book, and in it the scientific temper in religion is defined,not as an attempt either to conciliate the statements of

religion and science or to establish religion as a departmentof natural history, but as a desire to adopt the wide outlook,the adventurous spirit, and the positive temper of the highestscientific workers. Father Waggett shows the breadth ofhis views, and illustrates his contentions admirably, in theanalysis he gives of the methods of science and in the applica-tion of these methods to the problems of religious experience.He refers to the adventurous spirit of science in speculativeand theoretical fields and to the solid advance which the

experimental testing of theory and hypothesis has led to ; inillustration he refers to the great conceptions of natural

selection and of the Mendelian theory of heredity, both ofwhich have led to the discovery of new facts. He nextrefers to the adventure of science in actual discovery, thesearch with an open mind for new facts ; and thirdly, to theexcellent discipline of science, in which even in learning thesimplest and most fundamental facts the actual personalverification of each fact observed by the student is of vitalimportance. The third essay follows naturally uponthe second and is entitled " The Distribution ofProblems." Here are classified and outlined variousclasses of modern difficulties. Four classes of suchdifficulties are distinguished : first, the contentionsof materialism ; secondly, there is the attack on the

spiritual nature of man ; thirdly, the attack on natural

religion or theism-i.e., the general belief in God; and

fourthly, the objections directed against Christian dogma orBible religion. Father Waggett maintains that the doctrineof evolution does not in any sense come into conflict or

antagonism with theism, and further states that the sup-posed antagonism between the theory of natural selection andthe idea of God has been in no small measure due to thenarrow conception of the latter idea in men’s minds. In thenext essay, on the Effect of Evolutionary Doctrine, FatherWaggett quotes Professor Huxley in support of his conten-tion that theism as such does not come into direct collisionat all with the doctrine of evolution stated generally. He

goes on to prove that theology is really assisted in its

deeper studies by the conception of evolution-to use hiswords, ’’ By the thought that what we see is not a perfectthing which shows its destined end but a growing thingwhose nature is to be guessed by the indications of its

purpose and not by the present and evident successes ofits labour."The fifth chapter is devoted to Agnosticism and Deter-

minism, and here Father Waggett deals with two doubtswhich may arise in many minds-firstly, the suspicion thatscience alone is real knowledge and that other things whichpass under that name are mere fancies, which he regards asagnosticism ; and, secondly, that in the realm of sciencethere is an inexorable binding by law, a denial of the idea offreedom which may be referred to as determinism. Father

Waggett, with great ability, contends that freedom is not

denied by the universality of law, that, indeed, freedom growswhen law becomes clear and definite, and only in this way.In the sixth chapter the relation between Natural Selectionand Theism is further developed. Father Waggett, while forthe purposes of argument allowing the widest latitude tothe theory of natural selection, points out that it doesnot account either for " the origin of life or for the origin ofits character and behaviour." Further, he maintains thatit does not account for variation and that therefore it doesnot come into conflict with that reverence for supremecreative power which forms one of the supports of religiousconviction. The same idea is developed in the next chapter,under the heading of the Bible and Evolution, and aftermaintaining that the teaching of Genesis should be comparednot with modern biology but with other ancient cosmogonies,Father Waggett claims that the Bible foreshadows some ofthe most striking and surest elements of modern thought,that it excludes the two extremes of dualism and scepticism,and that it affords a statement of truth in a form credible

throughout the ages.The eighth chapter is devoted to an analysis of the effect

of biological doctrines on certain views of human nature.The conclusions of anthropological, physiological, psycho-logical, and embryological studies are critically considered,while the idea of greater freedom in the realm where lawis most evolved suggested in a previous essay is further

developed. The last two chapters-on Experiment, Dogma,and the Aids which Science gives to the Religious Mind-are practically an application of the previously developed

442 REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS.

ideas to the use of religion and within the space of areview they cannot be outlined, especially as the author’smatter does not lend itself to condensation. We have

enjoyed the perusal of Father Waggett’s book and cancommend it to those of our readers who desire a thoughtfulexposition of modern scientific ideas as applied to the

problems of religious thought.

Atmol"a2tsis und Zestokausis : die Behandlunng mit hoch-

gespanntem Wasserdampf in der Gynäkologie. (Atmo-kausis and Zestokausis : the Therapeutic Usc of Super heatedteam in Gynœcology.) By Dr. LUDWIG PINCUS. Secondrevised edition. With 33 figures and tables. Wiesbaden :J. F. Bergmann. 1906. Pp. 371. Price 6 marks.

THE application of steam to the interior of the uterus as ameans of arresting haemorrhage, although practised by butfew persons in this country, is yet in Germany, at any rate,a well-recognised therapeutic measure. This is largelyowing to the work and zeal of Dr. Pincus of Danzig, who hasdone more than anyone else to popularise this mode of treat-ment. In the second edition of his book the whole subjectis very fully dealt with and after reading the evidenceafforded by it, it will be impossible for anyone to deny thatin certain well-defined conditions atmokausis and zestokausisare perfectly legitimate and useful methods of treatment.The first part of the work is taken up with an account

of the gradual development of the apparatus employed andof the experimental investigations which have been carriedout as to the effects produced by the application of

superheated steam to the interior of the uterus. The second

part deals with the manner in which the application ofthe steam should be made to the uterus and with the indica-tions for, and the contra-indications to, its use. In his

summary of the history of the method Dr. Pincus pointsout that the use of boiling water in the treatment of fistulæ

and sinuses was well known to Rust in the year 1813, butthat K. H. Dzondi of Halle was the first to devise a satis-

factory boiler for the ready production of steam for thisand similar purposes. The disinfectant and hæmostatic

properties of this agent were well known to the surgeonsof that date, but its systematic employment as a hæmostaticwas not really begun until the year 1886, when it was placedupon a definite footing in surgery by Snegirew of Moscow.The rest of this chapter deals in a most interesting mannerwith the way in which the various difficulties and dangerswere overcome by the energy and determination of the

author of this work, often, indeed, in the face of much

opposition and scepticism on the part of the opponents ofthis method of treatment.

In order that good results may be obtained with

atmokausis the rules laid down for its use by the authorcannot be followed too carefully. Sufficient dilatation ofthe cervical canal must be produced by the use of dilators,or better by the use of a laminaria tent. Before the intro-duction of the steam into the uterus the cavity and themucous membrane must be cleansed carefully from allblood and mucus, preferably with a 1 per cent. solution ofperoxide of hydrogen. In all cases great care must be takento determine the exact length of the uterus and of thecervical canal, and, further, that the uterine appendages andcellular tissues are in a perfectly healthy condition. In the

majority of cases Dr. Pincus considers anæsthesia un-

necessary, laying stress on the fact that if the patient com-plains of pain during the operation the introduction of thesteam should at once be stopped. This mode of treatmentcan be practised on out-patients and on its first introductionthis was considered to be one of its most important advan-tages, but it is on the whole safer to treat the patients onthe same lines as if they had had the uterus curetted, and to Ikeep them in bed as a precautionary measure for the samelength of time.

In cases where there is any doubt as to the condition ofthe uterine appendages, or where these are painful onexamination, the patient should be subjected to a course ofsuitable treatment, and steaming the uterus should only becarried out with the utmost care. One of the chief dangers’of the use of so powerful an agent as superheated steam inthe interior of the uterus is the fear of causing obliteration ofthe cervical canal, with a resulting collection of the menstrualblood in the interior of the uterus. This must be carefullyguarded against, first of all by observing the rules never to.introduce the catheter with the steam turned on, and

secondly, never to withdraw it so far as to leave the tissuesof the cervix unprotected by the special sheath of non-

conducting material intended to shield them from the actionof the steam. Great care must be taken also to see that

neither the inlet nor the outlet tubes become blocked byblood clot. The best results are obtained by using steam ata temperature of from 110° to 115° C. for as short a time aspossible-viz., from five up to 40 seconds. If the steaming isrepeated this should not be done until from three to fourweeks have elapsed or until after the occurrence of the next.menstrual period.The indications for the use of steam may be divided into

absolute and relative. Included amongst the former aresuch conditions as certain forms of pre-climacteric h2emor.rhage ; all cases of haemophilia with haemorrhage from theuterus ; certain forms of hsemorrhage in cases of fibro-

myomata of the uterus ; certain forms of endometriti,

hæmorrhagica and endometritis hyperplastica in young’;women and atonic haemorrhages, especially after abor-

tions or in the later stages of the puerperium ; and forthe sterilisation of women under certain conditions. A,,,,relative indications Dr. Pincus enumerates cases of sub-involution and cases such as membranous dysmenorrhœa in,which it may be used as an accessory to the curette.Atmokausis is to be preferred to the curette when the latterinstrument has already been employed without success, andespecially in patients suffering from excessive anaemia in

whom it is important to avoid any further loss of blood.

Zestokausis, which is in reality merely a form of actual’

cautery, is indicated when a cauterisation of some localisedportion of the endometrium is necessary, and in the treatment.of some cases of so-called endometritis dysmenorrhœica.Atmokausis is undoubtedly a most valuable means of arrestinghaemorrhage in certain well-defined cases. When used intelli-gently and with proper precautions it gives good results insuch cases, and it often succeeds where curettage alone fails.Whether it produces a more permanent effect than the some-what old-fashioned plan of applying pure acids, such as:

carbolic or nitric acids, to the uterus, after using the curette,.is still doubtful ; such applications often fail, however, in

producing the desired effect, and Dr. Pincus and others have-certainly proved that atmokausis when properly carried outis one of the most efficacious methods, if not the most

efficacious, of arresting haemorrhage from the uterus.

Recent Advances in Physiology and Bio- Chemistry. Editedby LEONARD HILL, M.B. Lond., F.R S. Contributors:Benjamin Moore, M.A., D.Sc.; Leonard Hill, M.B. Lond.,F.R.S. ; J. J. R. Macleod, M.B. Aberd.; M. S. Pembrey,M.A., M.D. Oxon.; and A. P. Beddard, M.A., M.D. Cantab.London : Edward Arnold. 1906. Price 18s. net.

OUR German confmeres have accustomed us to résumés;Centralblatts, and recently to "Ergebnisse" on various

topics. This volume is a welcome departure in a similardirection by five English physiologists who have essayedwith success to give a critical résumé of certain subjects thatrhave specially attracted the attention of physiologists and ofchemists in recent years. Even the word " bio-chemistry,"though it does not denote a new departure, foreshadows ?new method of regarding the relations of chemistry and

443REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS.

physiology. Dr. Moore, ’indeed, in his thoughtful essay onQ1ving matter goes further than either chemist or physicist andspeaks of "biotic energy." The real problem before us is thatof the chemical reactions and exchanges that are taking placein the cells-reactions that are really reactions in solution.fRecent investigations have shown the enormous part takenby intracellular enzymes acting as energy transformers,and the chapter on the action of enzymes is well worthy ofperusal. The intracellular enzymes-and they are many-.are shown to be adapted, controlled, and coordinated bythe cell. By a gentle transition we arrive at the " kinases,".a section of the book that is of very .great interest. Thewhole subject of secretion is fully dealt with. Indeed, whatis often spoken of as secretion, absorption, and excretionare but different phases of the same process distinguished-from one another not by things intrinsically different in- their nature or in the mechanism by which these processes.are carried out in the body, but rather by their object orphysiological function. Moreover, respiration is essentially’identical in its nature with these three processes andDr. Moore treats the subject from this wide and compre-hensive point of view.

Dr. Hill gives a capital account of the effects on lifeof lessening or increasing the barometric pressure, a subjectwhich he has made specially his own. He also is responsiblefor the chapter on water in relation to metabolism and theregulation of body temperature, and for a chapter on

metabolism of fat. Dr. Macleod deals with metabolism ofthe carbohydrates, a subject which naturally leads to the- cognate question of diabetes, whether experimental, pan--creatic, or produced by the administration of phloridzinor adrenalin. Proteid metabolism as such is not speci-fically dealt with but the questions connected with uricacid and the purin bodies absorb about 50 pages. Bythe same author we have another 40 pages on hxmo-

lysins and allied bodies, a review of the work of the

past few years on this and cognate subjects. Dr. Pembreygives an account of respiratory exchange on well-knownlines and to him falls also the subject of internal secretion.Perhaps this latter chapter might have been extendedwith advantage. Dr. Beddard deals with rather a hetero-

geneous group of subjects-namely, the production of lymph,absorption from the small intestine, the formation of urea,and the secretion of urine. As to lymph formation theauthor agrees that experiments have shown that the im-

portance of osmosis and diffusion is relatively greater, andthat of filtration relatively less, than has been thought to bethe case. He gives a Pjsum6 of his views on p. 615.

This work will prove most valuable to all students ofmedicine reading for the higher examinations. Moreover, tothe clinician it affords a catena of the views of the chiefauthorities on such subjects as diabetes, uric acid metabolism,haemolysis and immunity, caisson sickness, and the thera-peutic uses of oxygen, and, indeed, all the newer problemswhich have such special interest for the thoughtful clinicianand practising physician.

Scientific Memoirs by Officers of the Medical and Sanitary-Depart7iients of,the Government of India. (New Series.)No. 24. On a Parasite found in<the White Corpuscles ofthe Blood (if Pcclm Squirrels. By Captain W. S. PATTON,M.B.Edin., I.M.S. Issued under the authority of theGovernment of India by the Sanitary Commissioner withthe Government of India, Simla. Calcutta : Office of theSuperintendent of Government Printing, India. 1906.Pp. 14. Price, annas 12, or ls. 2d.

SEVERAL hamogregarinid&aelig; have been discovered recentlyin the blood of mammals, and in view of the great import-ance which attaches to such forms the description ofanother example is of interest, especially as the parasitefound by Captain Patton ’invades a special cell, the large

mononuclear leucocyte. The mammal which harbours this

parasite is the common, striped, palm squirrel of Kathiawarand Gujarat (Funambulus pennantii). Parasites belongingto the genus heemogregarina have the following characters :they are elongated, fusiform bodies with the appearance ofvermicules, and are seen lying coiled up in the cells or freein the plasma. They do not produce pigment and have nosexual form of development. In cold-blooded animals theyare confined entirely to the red cells. Captain Pattondiscovered this parasite in May, 1905. On examining adrop of blood from an infected squirrel the parasite is seenas a clear elongated worm-like body measuring 10&micro; in

length, lying in the substance of the large mononuclearleucocytes. The majority exhibit slow vermicular move-

ments, altering their position in the cells. They may be seenlying close alongside the nucleus or at right angles to it.The nucleus becomes compressed, and in some instancesalmost encircles the parasite, while many of the nucleiare split into two separate parts, with the parasite lyingbetween. The invaded leucocytes show extremely slightmovements. Each body is oval with one end rounder thanthe other. The protoplasm contains a large refractilenucleus placed about the centre and some dark dots are seenmoving in the protoplasm. The narrow end shows a

distinct bend upwards simulating a tail. In fresh bloodfilms containing a large number of parasites some of thesebodies are seen escaping from the cells. After watchingone, which appears particularly active, the more roundedend will be seen to cause the cellular envelope to bulge.It ruptures and the parasite is extruded. No space is leftbehind to show where the parasite was lying. Besides the

encysted forms many are seen lying free in the plasma.They have the same appearance as those in the cells. The

parasite stains readily with Romanowsky’s stain andLeishman’s modification. No distinct capsule can be madeout by staining in the usual way, but by prolonged stainingwith Romanowsky’s stain and also with GiemEa’s a faint

pink outline is seen around the parasite. Each stained

body is oval in shape with one extremity larger androunder than the other. It measures 10&micro;, in lengthand 5&micro; across the broadest part. The protoplasmstains light-blue, somewhat darker at the two ends. Thenucleus is a comparatively large irregularly quadrilateralmass, which lies about the centre. It occupies the wholeof this part of the parasite, encroaching on the sides. It

stains deeply but not uniformly, and contains from three toeight vacuoles. The protoplasm of all the invaded leuco-

cytes stains feebly as compared with the normal cell.In infected squirrels the large mononuclears form the

bulk of the white cells; the mononuclear leucocytosis is

found to vary in proportion to the degree of infection.The fact that a mammalian protozoon, which has the

property of invading a special leucocyte, causes a changein the structure and an increase in the numbers of thesein the peripheral blood may have some significance inrelation to the origin of leucocythaemias. The parasiteswere always found to be present in the spleen. Specialattention was directed to the liver in estimating the dis-tribution of the parasite in the body. 14 squirrels were shotand smears were made from their livers. In all the para-site was found both free and in the mononuclear leucocytes,but no developmental forms were present. The parasite hasbeen found in the body of the squirrel louse, which hasbeen identified by Professor Neumann and Dr. Newsteadas an undescribed species of h&aelig;matopinus and is foundin large numbers among the long hairs of the squirrel.Captain Patton draws the following conclusions from hisresearches. That the description of this parasite agrees inevery detail with that of a h&aelig;mogregarine. That the

parasite is highly specialised in that it selects the largemononuclear leucocyte for its host. Though closely related

444 REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS.

to leucocytozo&ouml;n canis (James) it differs in not having acytocyst and in possessing a tail. He proposes to name it

provisionally leucocytozo&ouml;n funambuli. As in the case of

h&aelig;mogregarina gerbilli (Christophers) no developmentalforms were found in the organs and the infection remains

unaltered for long periods.

LIBRARY TABLE.

The Edinburgh Stereoscopic Atlas of Ana omy. Edited byDAVID WATERSTON, M.A., M.D. Edin., F.R C.S. Edin.,F R.S. Edin., Lecturer and Senior Demonstrator in the

Department of Anatomy, University of Edinburgh. Section 5.Elinburgh: T. C. and E. C. Jack. 1906. Price &1 5s. net

each section.-This being the fifth is the final section of theAtlas and Dr. Waterston is to be congratulated on the com-pletion of his task. The last instalment is equal in interestto any of its predecessors. It is devoted to illustrations ofthe anatomy of the head and neck and the central nervoussystem, and to cranio-cerebral topography. The anatomyof the brain was in part depicted in the first part of theAtlas, but in the present section we find an additional seriesof ten illustrations which are excellent. We gather thatthese are views of specimens prepared by Dr. E. B. Jamiesonwho is also responsible for the brief descriptions whichaccompany them. We think that Dr. Waterston has beenfortunate in obtaining Dr. Jamieson’s cooperation, for theviews in question are of great practical utility and give anexcellent idea of some of the long tracts of the brain. The

anatomy of the head and neck is fully illustrated, the

nasal cavities, pharynx, and larynx being included. Ten

views illustrate cranio-cerebral topography. These com-

prise illustrations of the child’s brain and of that of

the adult. By a method of composite photography therelations of the scalp, bones, and brain are shown in

superposition. The value of these photographs is in a waylimited, since everything is mapped out according to themethod of Professor Chiene, a method which is not so wellknown as those methods which are associated with the

names of Reid, Hare, Godlee or Anderson and Makins. In

a note appended to the section Dr. Waterston dedicates theAtlas, with permission, to Principal Sir William Turner,K.C.B., whose researches and teaching have done so muchto advance the science of anatomy both in this country andabroad.

Cheltenham. Burrow’s Royal Series of Official Albums.

No. 7. Written by J. H. GARRETT, M.D. Durh., MedicalOfficer of Health of Cheltenham. With 120 colouredand other illustrations. Published under the auspicesof the Corporation and the Chamber of Commerce,Cheltenham, by Edward J. Burrow. Fifth edition. 1906.

Pp. 163. Price ls.-This official guide to Cheltenhamwas published under the auspices of both the Corporationand the Chamber of Commerce on the occasion of the

opening of the new spa. The old fashion of drinkingthe Cheltenham waters, which was set by Royalty in theperson of George III., subsided chiefly owing to the easeof foreign travel, but the use of the waters is now beingrevived. The wells are chiefly owned by the corporation,which body collects the waters and offers them in convenientforms, at several different places in the town, for the use ofthose who may desire them or who have been ordered to takethem by a physician. The waters are mildly aperient,alterative, diuretic, and antacid and are of two kinds-

the magnesia-saline and the alkaline-saline waters. The

magnesia-saline is sold in a concentrated form, so that amoderate draught may have an aperient effect. Some excel-lent baths have been built by the corporation for use in con-junction with the mineral waters and it is stated in the albumthat any form of medicated or special bath that the physician

t chooses to order can be prepared and administered by trainedt attendants. The brine bath is a Cheltenham specialty. Thef fittings and decorations of the baths and the furnishing ofL the dressing-rooms appear to be of the first order. The

Cheltenham spa should be deservedly popular, for the towncompares favourably with other large towns in its generalsanitary condition, and its climate possesses the two veryessential features of a dry atmosphere and an abundance ofbright sunshine. This album is a useful guide, the letter-press being interesting and the illustrations good. Its cost

is only Is.Studies in Anatomy from the Anatomical Department of the

University of Manchester. Vol. III. Edited by ALFRED H.YOUNG, M.B. Edin., F.R.C.S. Eng., Professor of Anatomy.Manchester: At the University Press. 1906. Pp.289. Price10s. net.-This forms the third volume of the Studies in

Anatomy issued by the Council of the Owens College andcontains contributions of considerable interest. There areten papers included, but six of these are reprints from theJournal of Anatomy and Physiology. The new contributionsare four in number. A paper by Professor A. H. Young andDr. W. Milligan shows the anatomical and developmentalcontinuity of the Eustachian tube, tympanum, and mastoidantrum. Attention is drawn to the very early developmentof mastoid air cells and some observations are appendedon the treatment of septic inflammation of the tympaniccavity. Dr. J. Dunlop Lickley discusses the Morphology andDevelopment of the Human Sternum. This paper is a

summary of a larger monograph which was presented as athesis for the M.D. degree of the University of Glasgow.The paper is critical and instructive and questionssome of the recent deductions of Professor A. M.Paterson and others. A copious bibliography is appended.Dr. J. Cameron contributes a paper on the Develop-ment of the Optic Nerve in Amphibians, in which heshows that the nerve fibres are formed by a com-

bination of the central and peripheral modes of origin.The paper is welcome considering the discussions whichhave lately arisen in connexion with the development of

peripheral nerves. An investigation by Dr. C. W. S. Sabertonon the constitution of the nerve plexuses of TroglodytesNiger embodies the results of a very laborious research.The reprints in the volume are papers by Professor ArthurRobinson on the Formation of the Pericardium; ProfessorPeter Thompson on the Fascise of the Pelvis; Professor

Young and Professor Thompson on Abnormalities of the

Renal Arteries ; Dr. F. C. Moore on the UnsymmetricalKidney ; Dr. Lickley on the Morphology of the Human Inter-transverse Muscles ; and Professor Young on the LumbarArteries. Most of these contributions are already wellknown to English anatomists. The volume is well printedand bound. It speaks well for the activity of investigationat Manchester.

Minor and Operative Surgery, including Bandaging. ByHENRY R. WHARTON, M.D., Professor of Clinical Surgeryin the Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania. Sixth

edition, enlarged and thoroughly revised. With 532illustrations. London: Rebman, Limited. 1905. Pp. 650.Price 14s. net.-The author of this work hopes thatthe broadened scope of its new edition will renderthe volume more serviceable to the student and to

the practitioner. The favour bestowed on former editions

has, the author says, acted on him as an incentivefor keeping the book thoroughly revised and up to date.The whole volume is most liberally treated from the

pictorial standpoint and the subject matter is thoroughlywell arranged and explained. In successive editions theauthor has been led to add operations which are somewhatbeyond the vague line separating major from minor surgery.Thus the book has been broadened beyond its original title