NEBOSH International General Certificate(Revision)

Element 1:- Health and Safety Foundations

Accident Definition:- An unwanted, unplanned event which results in a loss of some kind

Incident/Near miss:- An unwanted, unplanned event that had the potential to result in a loss

Hazard:- Something with the potential to cause harm

Risk:- The likelihood that harm will occur and the severity of the harm

Why manage health and safety

1- Moral, Legal, Financial

Reduced accidents Reduced loss through damage to equipment Reduced absenteeism Reduced insurance premiums Improved morale Improved company reputation Reduced fines, Reduced compensation claims Increased likelihood of securing business

Law:- Civil and Criminal

Civil:- to compensate an injured party for loss as a consequence of an accident or

ill health

Criminal:- To punish and deter individuals/Organizations from behaving in a way that

society has decide is unacceptable

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Fault Liability

There was a duty of care owed to the injured party. The duty of care was breached (Negligence) The breach cause the injury or loss

Employer to provide

Safe place of work and safe access and egress Safe systems of work Safe plant and equipment Information, Instruction, Training and supervision Safe and competent fellow workers

Hidden costs of accidents

Lost Time Extra wages, overtime payments, temporary workers Sick pay Fines Legal costs Claims Damage to equipment Repairs to plant and equipment Production delays Loss of contracts Increased insurance premiums Loss of business reputation

Variation of Legislation between countries caused by:-

Different legal systems Different standards of legislation and enforcement Different penalties for breaches Religious and cultural issues Knowledge of enforcement bodies Funding of enforcement staff Degree of monitoring/reporting to enforcement authorities Political pressure

Sources of Information

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1- Internal

Risk assessments Policies Inspection reports Medical records Health and safety committees Plant registers Safety advisors

2- External

Government bodies National safety organizations Suppliers and manufacturers International standards Consultants and specialists Insurance companies

Successful Management Systems (HSG 65)

1) Policy:-

Health and safety aims of the organization, health and safety objectives and management commitment

2) Organizing:-

Competence, commitment and control, Co-operation & Communication

3) Planning and Implementation:-

Identify hazards, assess risks, and decide how risks can be eliminated or controlled. Sets standards against which performance can be measured.

4) Measuring performance:-

Be used as a means of determining the extent to which health and safety policy and objectives are being implemented and should be both reactive and proactive.

5) Reviewing:-

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Analyzing data gathered through monitoring to see whether performance is adequate

6) Audit:-

Systematic critical examination of each stage of an organizations management systems and procedures

OHSAS 18001: 1999

1) Health and safety policy2) Planning3) Implementation and operationControl, Competence, Co-operation, Communication4) Checking and corrective action5) Management review.

(Test)

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1) Replacement and retraining of staff is a cost that an organisation may face following a workplace accident.List EIGHT other possible costs to an organisation when an employee has been seriously injured in such an accident.

Or

2) Replacement or repair of damaged plant and equipment is a cost that an organisation may face following a workplace accident.List EIGHT other possible costs to an organisation when an employee has been seriously injured in such an accident.

Or

3) It is generally accepted that, following a workplace accident the “hidden costs” (usually uninsured) greatly exceed the more obvious costs which are usually covered by insurance. Outline FOUR of these “hidden costs”, giving an example of each

Payments to injured employee Loss of production Damage to equipment and materials Repairs to plant and equipment Legal action , e.g. fines Loss of contracts Loss of business reputation Cost of accident investigation Increased insurance premiums

4 ) List the main components of a health and safety management system

a) A clear health and safety policy

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b) The organisation of staffc) The planning of specific procedures for H & Sd) The implementation of the planned systemse) Measuring/monitoring that system is workingf) An audit/review of the system

5 ) Outline FOUR main components of the health and safety management system.

Policy:-

Health and safety aims of the organisation, health and safety objectives and management commitment

Organising :-

Competence, commitment and control, Co-operation, Communication

Planning and Implementation :-

Identify hazards, assess risks, and decide how risks can be eliminated or controlled. Sets standards against which performance can be measured.

Measuring performance:-

Be used as a means of determining the extent to which health and safety policy and objectives are being implemented and should be both reactive and proactive.

Reviewing :-

Analysing data gathered through monitoring to see whether performance is adequate

Audit :-

Systematic critical examination of each stage of an organisations management systems and procedures

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6 ) a) Explain the difference between the objectives of a Criminal Law system and a Civil Law system

Criminal Law aims to punish Civil Law aims to compensate for loss or injury

b) Outline the THREE standard conditions that are usually required to be met to prove a case of negligence against an employer.

There was a duty of care owed to the injured party. The duty of care was breached (Negligence) The breach cause the injury or loss

c) Outline the typical actions that might be brought against an employer who has breached Criminal Law in relation to health and safety

Provide health and safety advice and guidance to rectify the breach Issue legal document to the employer to make specified

improvements to rectify the breach. Issue legal mandate demanding that work in dangerous situations is

stopped and made safe. Take out a prosecution to punish the employer.

d) Explain why health and safety legislation might be enforced to different standards in different countries

a) Different legal systemsb) Different standards of legislation and enforcement

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c) Different penalties for breachesd) Religious beliefs and cultural issuese) How society views the offencesf) Ability and knowledge of Enforcing Authorities g) Funding, number and workload of enforcement staffh) Degree of reporting to Enforcement Authoritiesi) Political pressure e.g. enforcement initiatives

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