Review Warm-Up 3/14/13What is an astrolabe?

What are the three G’s and what do they stand for?

Age of ExplorationChapt 19 Sect 1

SSWH10 The student will analyze the impact of the age of discovery and expansion into the Americas,

Africa and Asia.

For Glory, God, GoldThe three G’s of exploration; Glory God and

GoldThe desire to grow rich and to spread

Christianity, coupled with advances in sailing technology, spurred an age of European exploration.

Through overseas exploration, merchants and traders hoped ultimately to benefit from

what had become a profitable business in Europe: the trade of spices and other luxury goods from Asia.

Pocahontas video

Improved TechnologyThe main problem was that

European ships could not sail against the wind.The CaravelTriangular Sails

Astrolabe-was a brass circle with carefully adjusted rings marked off in degrees. Using the rings to sight the stars, a sea captain could calculate latitude, or how far north or south of the equator the ship was. This was invented by the Muslims.

Compass Chinese invention

Zheng He1405-1433-The purpose of

his voyages was to impress the world with the power and

splendor of Ming China,

they also wanted to

expand China’s tribute system.

-Southeast Asia-India-Africa

ChinaMing Dynasty-Rules for nearly 300 yrs-Brought peace and stability to China

Portugal leads the way in EuropeThe leader in developing and applying

these sailing innovations was Portugal.Portugal took the lead in overseas

exploration in part due to strong government support.

The first to explore the east in the Indian Ocean

They eventually travel south and explore the western side of Africa.GoldIvorySlaves

Vasco de GamaPortuguese explorerBegan exploring the east African

coast1498 reached the port of Calicut in

SW IndiaDa Gama and his crew were amazed

by the spices, rare silks, and precious gems that filled Calicut’s (in India) shops.Their cargo was worth 60 times more than

the cost of their voyageFirst to find a direct sea route to India

from Europe (around the southern tip of Africa)

In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blueDetermined to find a sea route to India by

sailing westIn October Columbus landed in the

Caribbean, he thought it was the East indiesThis is going to start conflicts between

Portugal and Spain

Portugal vs. SpainPortugal suspected that Columbus had claimed

for Spain lands that Portuguese sailors might have reached first.

Resolution:an imaginary dividing line, drawn north to

south, through the Atlantic Ocean- Line of Demarcation

All lands to the West= Spain’s East = Portugal

Portugal complained it gave too much land to SpainMoved farther westTreaty of Tordesillas- both countries signed agreeing

they would honor the line

Treaty of Tordesillas

Ferdinand MagellanIn 1519 Magellan led the boldest voyage yetOriginally had just wanted to check out the

pacific oceanHad 270 men and 5 shipsHe and his men were the first people to

circumnavigate, or sail around the world.

James Cook1769-1770

British ExplorerFirst European

contact with the Australian coastline

First to circumnavigate New Zealand

Superior cartographer and navigator

• Charts maps of the Pacific• Discovers Hawaii, refers to

them as the Sandwich islands

Samuel de Champlain1608

Founded Quebec• He sails for France• Quebec is the first

French settlement in the Americas. It is in Canada.

• Sent Jesuit missionaries to convert people to Christianity

• Traded with the natives blankets, furs and wine for animal skins

• He established the fur trade

Francisco Pizarro Conquered the Incan EmpireThey captured the Incan King. The king offered to

fill a room once with gold and twice with silver for his release.

They take him up on his ransom- but then kill him as soon as he gives them all the gold and silver

MercantilismBecame a national policy

Definition: states power depended on it’s wealth

1. Gold & Silver = wealth of nation (bullion) Remember before land=power, then $=power,

now gold= power2. Export more than it imports – balance of trade3. Colonies – both the sources of raw materials

as well as vital markets for finished goods

Positives Negatives“Mother-countries” were

self sufficientThere was a mass

exchange of goods and raw materials

Nations were prospering and in turn building colonial empires and expanding to new territories

Introduction to new products from all over the world

Spain and Portugal will go into decline because they did not build extensive manufacturing industries within their countries

Tariffs and TaxesThe “mother-countries”

are seeing all the wealth, not the colonies; they don’t treat colonies fairly

Columbian exchange – gifts exchanged by the Old World and the New World.

Europe getsTomatoesCornPotatoesSquashChocolateTobacco

• America gets– Slavery– Smallpox– Conquest– Horses

Triangle TradeShips sailed the legs

of a triangle formed by Europe, Africa and the Americas.

Leaving from Europe: Knives, swords, guns, cloth and rum

Leaving from Africa: slaves

Sold for money that was used to buy sugar, molasses, cotton, and tobacco