REVIEW QUESTIONS

List the Earth’s layers starting from the inside and going outward

Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle, Crust

What type of model is our model of the Interior of the Earth

CONCEPTUAL MODEL

models developed in the mind

The interior of the Earth…we CANNOT DIRECTLY OBSERVE IT

What did scientists study in order to gather evidence to build a model of the interior of the Earth?

Seismic Waves(Earthquake Waves)

What process in the mantle drives the movement of the Earth’s crust?

CONVECTION

Define the theory of plate tectonics.

The Earth’s crust is broken into plates that move & interact with each other.

When two continental plates collide what happens? Explain.

continent – continent ConvergenceContinents collide and fold up (crunch)

to form mountains

• Ocean plate is subducted below continent.Subduction: The movement when one plate (oceanic

crust) dives below another plate

Ocean – continent Convergence

When an ocean plate converges with a continental plate what happens to the ocean plate?

What features form on the Earth’s surface when an ocean plate converges with a continental plate?

A volcanic mountain chain forms on land

How are earthquakes, volcanoes and mountains related in terms of location?

They are mostly formed along plate boundaries

West coast of the USA

Transform Plate Boundary:

CaliforniaSAN ANDREAS FAULT

Convergent Plate Boundary:

Oregon & Washington CASCADE MOUNTAINS

Where in the continental United States would you expect earthquakes and volcanic eruptions to occur? Why?

List and explain 2 pieces of evidence that we examined to support the theory of continental drift.

• Fossil evidence

• Modern mammals on continents

• Continents look like “puzzle pieces”

• Glacial grooves

• Suture Zones

• GPS

List 2 sudden geologic events (natural hazards) related to the direct movement of the geosphere.

VOLCANO

Describe how a sudden geologic event can be destructive/hazardous to people.

Earthquake Hazards

• Buildings and bridges collapse

• Roads crack• Fires blaze due to ruptured

gas lines• Landslides occur because

shaking cause rock to slide downhill

• Liquefaction• Dams fail and cause

flooding

Volcano Hazards• Lava streams burn all in

their path• Aircrafts endangered

from ash in the atmosphere

• Roofs collapse, cities and surrounding landscape covered from ash fall & flow

• Volcanic pollution

Describe how a sudden geologic event can be beneficial to people?

• Rebuilds/uplifts the land• Volcanic eruptions produce fertile

new soil for agriculture

What forces uplift the Earth’s surface?

Plate TectonicsCreate volcanoes and mountains

What forces wear down the Earth’s surface?

Weathering & Erosion

What are all rocks are made of? MINERALS

melting(A)

(B)(C)

(D)

(E)

(F)

(G)

(H)

(I)

(J)

(K)

(L)

(M)

(N)

Name the 3 groups of rocks

IgneousForms from cooled magma or lava

Sedimentarymade of sediments that compacted

over time

MetamorphicForms due to heat & pressure

Name and describe the 5 processes of the rock cycle

- Cooling of magma or lava forms igneous rock- Weathering of a rock forms sediments- Lithification of sediments forms sedimentary

rock- Heat & pressure on a rock creates

metamorphic rock- Melting of a rock forms magma

Why would a 1000 year old statue that was moved from a desert to a park in NJ begin

to crumble? Explain.

Exposure to rain in NJ caused chemical

weathering

Define chemical weathering

Changes the chemical structure of the rock

Water can: Dissolve minerals Cause rust to form

Define physical weathering.

Breaks rock apart without changing the mineral make-up

List 3 examples of physical weathering.

Plant roots grows in cracks

breaks rock apart

Ice wedgingwater seeps into cracks-freezes-expands-thaws

Rock Abrasionrocks rub or collide

due to wind or moving water

What changed the land surface in diagram?

Describe forces that act to wear down the earth’s surface over

time.

Weathering and erosion over a long period of time will

cause mountains to wear down

to hills

Water

Wind

Ice