review: part 1 the living world, earth and space the material world part 1
TRANSCRIPT
Review: Part 1
The living world, Earth and Space
The material world part 1
The Living World
The living world
• Exam Breakdown:– 1 question– Section B
– Topics:• Disturbances• Trophic Levels
Progressions of Learning (POL)• Defines an ecosystem as the relationships between the individuals in a
community and abiotic factors in the environment• Defines a disturbance in a community• Explains the effects of certain factors that disturb the ecological balance
(e.g. human activity, natural disasters)• Describes the trophic levels (producers, consumers, decomposers)• Explains the relationships between the trophic levels of a food web• Defines primary productivity as the quantity of organic matter produced
by plants in a given territory• Explains the effects of certain factors on primary productivity (e.g. bees
help pollinate fruit trees, pathogenic microorganisms hinder plant growth)• Describes material and energy flow in an ecosystem• Describes certain processes underlying chemical recycling (e.g. action of
microorganisms and decomposers, erosion)• Describes the geographical and climatic factors that affect the distribution
of biomes (e.g. latitude, humidity, temperature, salinity)
• Ecosystems:– Interaction between the living (amongst
themselves) and the non-living
This interaction is seen through
• The trophic level (a.k.a. the food chain)
• Connection with the non-living component:– Producers
• change inorganic to organic via photosynthesis• Responsible for primary productivity• They are autotrophs• Plants
This interaction is seen through
• Consumers:– Must feed on other living organisms in order
to survive– Heterotroph– 1st order consumer: eats plants– 2nd order consumer: eats 1st order consumer– 3rd order consumer: eats 2nd order consumer– (…)
This interaction is seen through
• Decomposers:– Re-connection with the non-living component– Takes organic materials and changes it into
inorganic material– Responsible for chemical recycling– Bacteria, fungi
Disturbances
• Human • Natural
Earth and SpaceEarth and Space
Earth and Space
• Exam Breakdown:– 2 questions– Section A (1) and Section B (1)
– Topics:• Watersheds• Energy ressources
Progressions of Learning (POL)• Distinguishes between minerals and ore • Describes some of the environmental impacts of mining and of the transformation
of minerals• Defines a catchment area as a territory surrounding a waterway • Describes some of the impacts of human activity on the waterways in a catchment
area• Describes the main factors that affect the quantity of solar energy that reaches the
Earth's surface (e.g. reflection and absorption of solar energy by the atmosphere or surfaces)
• Describes the properties of an air mass (temperature, humidity, pressure)• Explains the formation of clouds when two different air masses meet• Explains the formation of cyclones (low-pressure areas) and anticyclones (high-
pressure areas)• Describes the tides in terms of the gravitational effect of the Earth-Moon system• Describes technologies used to produce electricity using the energy resources in
the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere• Describes the main impact of the use of energy resources in the lithosphere,
hydrosphere and atmosphere
The lithosphere
• Earth: • Solid ground• Agriculture• Mining
The lithosphere
• Mineral • Ore
The lithosphere
• What is it?– A deposit of gold (300$/g) that takes 350$/g
to extract.
• When would it be considered ore?
The lithosphere (game)
• Environmental Impacts of mining:
The Hydrosphere
• All water contained on our planet
The hydrosphere
• Catchment area:– Territory surrounding a waterway
The hydrosphere
• Catchment area:– Environmental impacts
The atmosphere
• The atmosphere:– Envelop of gases surrounding our planet
The atmosphere
• Air masses:– Pockets of air with the same
• Temperature• Humidity• Pressure
• When 2 air masses meet, a front is created.– Cold Front– Warm Front– Occluded Front
The atmosphere• Cold front:
– Cold air mass moving, pushes the warm air mass up rapidly
– Causes storms
The atmosphere• Warm front:
– Warm air mass moving, slowly rising above a cold air mass
– Produces light rain for many days
The atmosphere• Occluded Front:
- A cold front catches up with a warm front, trapping the warm air
- Produce violent storms
The atmosphere
• Cyclone– Low pressure system– Gives us weather
• Anticyclone– High Pressure System– Gives us clear skies
Astronomical Phenomenon
• Tides:– Gravitational effect of
the moon (and Sun) on the hydrosphere
Astronomical Phenomenon
Astronomical Phenomenon
• Earth’s Albedo:– How much sunlight is reflected off our planet
Geological and geophysical phenomena
• Technologies for producing electricity
– Lithosphere
– Hydrosphere
– Atmosphere
Geological and geophysical phenomena
• What are the environmental impact of these production technologies
– Lithosphere
– Hydrosphere
– Atmosphere
The Material World
Part 1: Changes
The Material World
• Exam Breakdown:– 10 questions– Section A (9) and Section B (1)
– Topics:• everything
POL for changes
• Represents an oxidation reaction using the particle model
• Associates known chemical reactions with oxidation reactions (e.g. combustion, corrosion)
• Describes the perceivable manifestations of rapid combustion (e.g. heat, light)
• Explains a combustion reaction using the fire triangle
Chemical Changes
• Particle Model: – Representing Atoms with tiny dots
• P4(s) + 5 O2(g) P4O10(s)
Chemical Changes
• Oxidation:
Chemical Changes
• Combustion: