review paper on fabrication of manually controlled drainage cleaning system · review paper on...

REVIEW PAPER ON FABRICATION OF MANUALLY CONTROLLED DRAINAGE CLEANING

SYSTEM Ankita B.Padwal1, Monica S. Tambe2, Pooja S. Chavare3, Reshma K. Manahawar4, Mitali S. Mhatre5

Mechanical Engineering Department,Saraswati College Of Engineering, Kharghar,Dist-Raigad,Maharashtra(INDIA) 1Student, SCOE, India, [email protected] 2Student, SCOE, India, [email protected] 3Student, SCOE, India, [email protected]

4Student, SCOE, India, [email protected] 5Professor, SCOE, India, [email protected]

Abstract- This paper focuses more on Automation of

Drainage Cleaning System. There is a problem of mobility

and space, to overcome this problem Automation of the

system is necessary. Our concept is to use this in efficient

way to control the disposal of wastages and with regular

filtration of wastages. Introduction of autonomous vehicle is

been done to make the system mobile. The system does

require man power only to control the motion of the system.

Keywords- Autonomous Vehicle, Automation, Mobile.

I. INTRODUCTION

The problem of flooding and climate change has become

outrageous because of its recent trends in our environment

today. This has become a cause of major concern to the

world, especially the developing countries.

Water running through a water drainage system mostly

carries along waste materials most which are non

biodegradable which not only cause flooding but also

climate change. Overflow of water drainage system occurs

when there is a blockage of an end of the drainage system

forcing the water to find its way elsewhere apart from the

mapped out drainage system, therefore the running water

spills over the horizontal height of the drainage systems

spreading to regions alongside the drainage system, thereby

causing problems such as pushing down of structures such

as fences, water logging of farm lands and residential

building, etc.

The impurities present in water can cause hazardous and

disease. As long as the draining system is considered the

function of the main drainage system is to collect, transport

and dispose of the water through an outfall or outlet.

Impurities in drainage water can be only like empty bottles,

polythene bags, papers, etc.

The problem such as Environmental pollution and spreading

of viral diseases are avoidable. Automation of Drainage

Cleaning System would reduce the risk of various diseases

spread due to accumulation of waste. This Drainage

Cleaning system will clean the waste at the surface of

drainage which would allow the flow of water.

The devices is place across drain so that only water

flow through lower grids, waste like bottle, etc. Floating in

drain are lifted by teeth which is connected to chain. This

chain is attached by gear driven by motor. When motor runs

the chain starts to circulate making teeth to lift up. The

waste materials are lifted by teeth and are stored in waste

storage tank.

Mechanical Drainer

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

Ganesh U L, et.al. [1] showed the usage of mechanical

drainage cleaner to replace the manual work required for

drainage cleaning system. Drainage pipes are very dirty.

Sometimes it is harmful for human life while it is need for

cleaning drainage system. To overcome this problem, they

implemented a mechanical semi-automatic drainage water

cleaner and so the water flow is efficient because of regular

filteration of wastages with the help of that project.

Different kinds of environment hazards reduced with the

help of Drainage system machine.

Elangovan K., et.al. [2] reviewed about drainage cleaning

to replace manual work to automated system because

manually cleaning system it is harmful for human life and

cleaning time, is more so to overcome this problem they

implemented a design “Automatic drainage water pump

monitoring and control system using PLC and SCADA”.

PLC and SCADA were designed. In this project to use

efficient way to control the disposal of wastage regularly,

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 8, Issue 3, March-2017 ISSN 2229-5518

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treatment of disposal in different way toxic and non-toxic

gases. PLC controller from Siemens was used in the

treatment system of drainage wastewater control by the

stepper motor, compressor, gas exhauster, pressure valve

and the liquid level, flow and other analog variables to

achieve automatic control of sewage waste water treatment.

Dr .K.KUMARESAN [3] explained manual work

converted to automated system. Drainage pipe using for

disposal and it may be loss for human life while cleaning the

blockage in the drainage pipes. To overcome this problem

they implemented “Automatic Sewage Cleaning System”.

They designed their project different way clearance of

gaseous substance are treated separately so the flow of water

efficiently.This project may be developed with the full

utilization of men , machines, and materials and money.

They made their project economical and efficient with the

available resources. They used automation technology

concerned with his application of mechanical, electronics,

computer based systems to operate and control production.

R.Sathiyakala, et.al. [4] explained E bucket (electronic

bucket) use for drainage cleaning system because E-bucket

lifted a sewage and used evaporation treatment for this

sewage wet sewage was converted into dry matters, with the

of ARM board (ARDUINO) this process was performed.

After this process they were add this waste a government

bank without any kind of affection of the bacteria.

S D Rahul Bharadwaj, et.al. [5] proposed with the automatic

cleaning of waste water in order to prevent global warming

and melting of glaciers. The results emphasize the need of

waste water treatment plants, through which the water is

treated before suspending in rivers. Firstly power is

generated and that power is used for waste water cleaning

process.

Nitin Sall, et.al. [6] explained flow of used water from

homes, business industries, commercial activities is called

waste water. 200 and 500 liters wastage water are generated

each person every day. So using waste water technology

that removes, rather than destroys, a pollutant in a drainage

system.

Mr. Nikhil S. Pisal1, et.al. [7] proposed safe load for the

chain and the ability of the same to withstand the use of

Finite Element Modeling would be the core objective of the

work. An existing chain link was used for benchmarking

the research work. Finite Element Analysis tools like Hyper

Mesh and ANSYS were suitable to find the performance of

the link under tensile loads. The design for the chain would

be subjected to F.E Analysis to find the effect of loads

(tension) on the link. The proposed method utilizes software

in the FEA domain for analyzing the effects of the variation

in the values of the design parameters influencing the

performance criterion. The FEM method is used to analyze

the stress state of an elastic body with a given geometry,

such as chain link.

NDUBUISI C. Daniels, et.al. [8] showed the Drainage

system cleaner machine used to remove garbage and sewage

automatically which helped to protect the environment from

different kinds of environmental hazards. The drainage

system cleaner has three major parts which are the

Propeller, the Cleaner and the Pan all makes up for its

effective functioning.

Shao-Wu-Zhang, et.al. [9] introduced three drainage devices

about the ceramic filter dewatering system, improved the

design according to the short coming of drainage device and

working mechanism of automatic drainage device. This

device have stable performance, low cost and low failure

rate. They compared the working processes of three

drainage devices, and analyzed its future development.

Their aim was the shortcomings of the three types of

drainage devices and their application situations, the

automatic drainage device was improved.

Prof S.D.Anap, et.al. [10], showed blockage is the major

cause of the pollution and flooding in the metro cities. They

have designed the drainage blockage detection system to

avoid such problems. The system provides monitoring of

drainage condition and to inform authorities of these

condition. This design preset an implementation wireless

sensor network in the monitoring of drainage system using

GSM system. To detecting blockage and monitoring water

level condition we use level sensor. They explained about

the design of the cost effective, easy method to control the

water level of the tank wirelessly and automatically. They

used level and IR sensor to monitor and control drainage

blockage. They also used solenoid valve for bypass purpose.

James C.Y. Guo, et.al. [11] showed roadway sanding is a

common practice in cold regions because sand increases the

roadway friction when mixing with snow. In this study, a

snow storage element is introduced to the renascence project

of a mountainous highway which is running through an

environmental sensitive forest area in Colorado. Recovery

of winter sanding material from the highway was designed

to be a joint effort of surface runoff and sweeping machines.

As a tradeoff exist between sand recovery and size of snow

storage area. This study also presented a maximization

methodology by which the size of snow storage area can be

determined by the diminishing return of sand recovery.

James C. Conwell, G. E. Jhonson [12] proposed the design

and construction of a new test machine configuration that

offers same advantages over the traditional one. The new

machine and attendant instrumentation provide more

realistic chain loading and allow link tension and roller

sprocket impact monitoring during normal operation. The

incorporation of idle sprocket allows independent

adjustment of test on length and preload.

N.Prabhushankar, et.al. [13] showed dewatering of drainage

is generally done using centrifugal pump, but using

centrifugal pump is not much effective in complete removal

of the suspended and heavy solids and also it consumes lot

of electric power for its operation. The main aim of the


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proposed work was to remove drainage water by the

pneumatic operated spring return reciprocating pump. It

reduced the man power required for the drainage cleaning

activity. Instead of slider crank mechanism the pneumatic

and spring system with reciprocating cylinder was used

which discharged the large sized drainage particles easily

and there was no need of external power supply.

Gregor Burger, et.al. [14] described the concept and

software design of an innovative general purpose platform

for network based model development and look at some of

crucial computational design issues. They developed the

improvement in the design of very fast, easy to use, easy to

integrate and extensible general purpose simulator platform.

It was running up to 40 times faster than its MATLAB

based predecessor and allowing it to be flexibly applied.

They included features such as the hot-start mechanism and

the extension interfaces have proven to be extremely useful

when linking city drain 3 as a sub-model into larger

software project.

Ms T.Deepiga, et.al. [15] defined the water monitoring

systems such as Tank water pollution monitoring and water

pipeline leakage sensing monitoring. They avoided huge

amount of water wasted by uncontrolled use of large

apartments. They used the PID based water level monitoring

to indicate the level of water in the tank. They avoid the

water wastage, power consumption and easily prevent the

water for our generation. They used sensor based water

pollution detector to check water quality by using the

parameters such as PH level, turbidity and temperature are

measured by the sensor. They also detect the leak by an

increase in the LED meter and rushing sound will be

bearded in the headset.

M. Naveena Reddy, et.al. [16] developed mathematical

model of a profile shifted elliptical gear generation

mechanism. They investigated the tooth under cutting of a

non-standard elliptical gear, based on the purposed

mathematical model. They developed driving and driven

profile shifted elliptical gears. This project helpful in design

and production of high precision elliptical gears.

Sankalp Verma, et.al. [17] showed the structure of a

kinematic chain is defined by the pattern in which the

constituent links of the mechanism are interconnected and

deriving the characteristics of the mechanism independent

of metric properties of the mechanisms. The motives behind

the studies range from the desire for an orderly classification

system, to studies of mechanism mobility, to the hope of

identifying heretofore unknown mechanisms, to the need for

the automated recognition of topology in generalized

computer-aided design programs. Analysis and synthesis of

kinematic chains is very important from the view point of

mechanical engineering design and it is only natural that many researchers have directed their efforts to study various

aspects of mechanisms. This paper represented a broad

review of the extensive literature available on the subject

with a view to trace its history highlighting major trends and

discussing significant contributions. Some problem areas

needing further attention of researchers are also presented.

They framed better methodology for structural analysis for

mechanisms including detection of isomorphism and

inversion. They also motivated to current researchers in the

field of fascinating.

ROBERT C. McGREGOR, et.al. [18] explained that

breakwater has proved hydro-dynamically successful in that

no damage to boats at the moorings was experienced even

when the winds reached force 11 and waves up to 1.25m

high were encountered, without the breakwater moorings

could be untenable at wind forces as low as force 5 or 6.

From analysis of several beams and orientations this size of

breakwater and orientation was judged to be satisfactory.

The orientation is a compromise between the extra wave

attenuation available if the breakwaters western end is

moved northwards and the shorter breakwater length

achieved if it were moved south. They used the Kowalski or

Goodyear design, which is made up of modules of eighteen tyres which are connected up to form a flexible mat.

Mr. Brage Prashant Ravindra et.al. [19] explained roller

chain link plate design based on FEA. They reduced its

stress concentration with reduction in weight to increase the

strength of chain. They found the experimental and software

outcomes by using Finite Element Analysis. They obtained

better weight optimization without change in stress. They

reduced the middle height of link plate by removing

material from outside so it cannot have directly impact on

stress concentration. They done the operation such as

chamfering, filleting on the link plate in order to minimize

the weight of the link plate. They concentrated on specific

components of chain. They measured the impact of change

in different constraints and manufacturing methods of outer

link on the stress in the structure and see if material saving

is thinkable or not.

Ashok Dargar, et.al. [20] proposed new method to identify

the distinct mechanisms derived from a given kinematic

chain. They used MATLAB software for two structural

invariant, sum of the absolute values of the characteristic

polynomial coefficients and maximum absolute value of the

characteristic polynomial coefficient. Their study helped to

select the best possible mechanism to perform the specified

task at the conceptual stage of design. This method does not

require any test for isomorphism separately.

H. I. Jimoh, et.al. [21] showed the research was an

assessment of drainage problems in the tropical environment

of Ilorin, Nigeria. In order to achieve the philosophy of the

work, such a data have been sourced from direct fieldwork.

Such data include drainage dimensions, types of wastes in

drainage channels, problems of wastes and techniques for

waste management. These data have been analyzed through

the application of descriptive statistics and cross tabulations

as a basic method of data analysis.


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N. Yashaswini, et.al. [22] designed and analyzed for

conveying granular materials to the height of 15m at the rate

of 10tones/hr output. They explained basic design

calculations for the development of the bucket elevator in

3D environment of NX software. They also carried out the

static and vibration analysis on the bucket elevator. They

explained dynamic behavior of the bucket and gear shaft

assembly. They finally found out the modification of design

parameters.

Pradeep Kumar Singh, et.al. [23] used ANSYS workbench

software, for finding the bending stress, contact stress and

static load on the tooth of spur gear drive. The finite element

method is most widely used for final real model of the

geared set using stress analysis in the pair of gears. The

development of Finite Element Analysis model of the spur

gear assembly to simulate the contact stress calculation is

play more significant role in the design of gears. They used

Hertz theory for the basis of contact stress calculation and

Lewis formula for calculating bending stress. They found

out that if the contact stress minimization in the primary

concern and if the large power is to be transmitted then spur

gear with higher model is preferred.

Medha Kalelkar, et.al. [24] explained the navigation of an

autonomous vehicle in real-world environments. They used

3 ultrasonic range finders which is mounted on the chasis.

This robot is used to determine the distance in three

different directions. This is also determine the different

situation like different types of obstacles and the position of

obstacles. Those robot makes its decision using actual

conditions and the speed is varied. They considered possible

situations by the distance observed by the sensor and have

devised mechanism using the servo motor so that the

autonomous vehicle can move around to accomplish its task.

They varied speed of the vehicle and was based on how far

or near the obstacle was from the vehicle. They used

ultrasonic range finders give an accurate readings to some

extent for the robot to judge its movement. The behaviours

that were considered were respect to human driving vehicle.

The decision system can be further developed considering

the geometrical conditions for the better results.

Pedersen, et.al. [25] removed unwanted phenomenon, by

using chain drive simulation program. It is used as an

alternative to or in combination with physical experiments.

They formed a specific model of the marine engine chain

drive for large speed systems. They used continuous contact

force method for the simulation and analysis. Performed a

dynamic simulation of large marine engine chain drives.

They developed novel formulation for the simulation of the

dynamics of roller chain drives using a continuous contact

force method. They used numerical model for perform

realistic dynamic simulation of large marine engine chain

drives, within a moderate simulation time. They also

explained that it is possible to compare the numerical results

with experimental results.

III. CONCLUSION

Our literature review highlights the ongoing advancement in

the drainage cleaning system. Many specific empirical

studies have been carried out and categories such as semi

automatic drainage cleaning system and its automation have

been studied to a great depth. We focus more on making the

system mobile in the drainage.

1. In the treatment system of drainage Waste water

control by the motor, roller chain and sprocket,

lifter and the collecting bin to achieve semi-

automatic control of sewage waste water treatment.

2. The system can move in the drain to collect the

floating waste so as to reduce human labour.

3. The cleaner functioned move effectively during the

heavier rains which had more volume of running

water with garbage and high velocity.

IV. REFERENCES

1. Ganesh U L,et.al. “Semi-Automatic Drain For Sewage

Water Treatment Of Floating Materials”, International

Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology,

Vol No- 05, Jul-2016.

2. Balachandra, et.al.”Automatic Drainage Water Pump Monitoring and Control System Using PLC and SCADA” International Journal of Innovative Research in

Technology, Vol No- 1, 2014.

3. Dr .K.Kumaresan et.al., “Automatic Sewage Cleaning

Equipment”, International Conference on Explorations

and Innovations in Engineering and Technology , 2016.

4. R.Sathiyakala et.al., “Smart Sewage Cleaning System”

International Journal of Innovative Research in

Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol No- 4,

February 2016.

5. S D Rahul Bharadwaj, Shraddha R Jogdhankar,

“Automatic Wastewater treatment process to reduce

global warming” International Journal of Environmental

Science: Development and Monitoring, Vol No- 2 (2013)

6. Nitin Sall, et.al., “Drain Waste Water Cleaner”, Global

Journal of Researches in Engineering: J General

Engineering Vol No- 16, 2016.

7. Nikhil S. Pisal, et.al., “Structural Analysis Of

Motorcycle Chain By Using C.A.E. Software”,

International Journal Of Advance Research In Scince

and Engineering, Vol No-4, Special Issue (02), February

2015.

8. NDUBUISI C. Daniels, “Drainage System Cleaner A

Solution to Environmental Hazards”, International

Refered Journal of Engineering and Science, Vol No- 3,

March 2014.

9. Shao-Wu-Zhang,”Drainage Device’s Research and

Development in the Ceramic Filters”, Journal of

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2013.

10. S.D.Anap,” Wireless Based Water Level Monitoring and

Control System”, International Advanced Research

Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol

No- 3, April 2016.


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11. James C.Y. Guo, ”Winter Sand Recollection By

Highway Drainage”, ASCE J. of Drainage and Irrigation

Engineering, Vol 125, No 6, November1999.

12. James C. Conwell, G.E. Jhonson, “Design, Construction

and Instrumentation of a Machine to Measured Tension

and Impact Forces in Roller Chain Drives”, December

1989.

13. N.Prabhushankar et.al.,”Design and Fabrication of

Drainage Cleaning Machine with Spring Return

Pneumatic System”, International Journal For Scientific

Research and Development, Vol No-4, 2016.

14. Gregor Burger, et.al, “Designing and Implementing a

Multi-Core Capable Integrated Urban Drainage

Modelling Toolkit: Lessons from CityDrain3”, Advances

in Engineering Software 100, 2016.

15. Ms T.Deepiga, et.al., “Smart Water Monitoring System

Using Wireless Sensor Network at Home/Office”,

International Research Journal of Engineering and

Technology, Vol- 02, July-2015.

16. M. Naveena Reddy, “Geometric Modeling Of Ellipical

Gear Drives”, International Journal of Advanced

Engineering Research and Studies, Vol No- 02, 2012.

17. ROBERT C. McGREGOR, COLIN H.G. GILBERT,

“Floating Tyre Breakwater - A Case History Coastal

Engineering”, 1982.

18. Sankalp Verma, P. B. Deshmukh, “A Review Of

Structural Analysis Of Kinematic Chain”, International

Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies,

March 2015.

19. Brage Prashant Ravindra, et.al “Roller Chain Link Plate

Design Based on FEA”, International Journal on Recent

and Innovation Trends in Computing and

Communication Vol No- 2, 2014.

20. Ashok Dargar, et.al., “A Method of Identification of

Kinematic Chains and Distinct Mechanisms”, Institute

of Fundamental Technological Research, 2009.

21. H. I. Jimoh, “Drainage Problems in a Tropical

Environment Perspectives on Urban Quality

Management”, J. Hum. Ecol., 23(4): 2008.

22. N. Yashaswini, et.al. , “Design And Optimization Of

Bucket Elevator Through Finite Element Analysis”,

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol

No-2, September 2014.

23. Pradeep Kumar singh,et.al., “Stress Analysis Spur Gear

Design By Using Ansys Workbench”, International

Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics

Research, Vol No-3, July 2014.

24. Medha Kalelkar, et.al.,”Autonomous Vehicle Obstacle Detection and Decision Based Navigation”, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Vol No- 3, June 2013.

25. Pedersen, et.al., “Simulation and Analysis of Roller Chain Drive Systems”,Technical University of Denmark, 2004.


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