Astronomy Review Game!

Part 1

The smallest stars on a H-R diagram are found

A) at the upper left end of the main sequenceB) at the lower right end of the main sequenceC) at the upper right corner of the H-R diagramD) at the lower left corner of the H-R diagram

In the H-R diagram, 90 percent of all stars fallA) in the Red Dwarf region. B) in the Supergiant region.C) among the White Dwarfs. D) on the Main Sequence

Compared to the terrestrial planets, the Jovian planets

haveA) smaller diameters

B) greater average densitiesC) slower rates of rotation

D) longer periods of revolution

Compared to the sun a white dwarf star isA) hotter and larger B) hotter and smallerC) cooler and larger D) cooler and smaller

Small cool stars would most likely appear to be

A) blueB) red

C) yellowD) white

Which list of three planets and Earth’s Moon is arranged in order of increasing equatorial diameter?A) Earth’s Moon, Mars, MercuryB) Earth’s Moon, Mercury, MarsC) Mercury, Mars, Earth’s Moon, D) Mars, Mercury, Earth’s Moon

Red giant stars have greater luminosity than our sun mainly because they areA) hotter B) farther awayC) larger D) older

Compared to Jupiter, Mercury moves more rapidly in its orbit because Mercury

A) is largerB) is more dense

C) is closer to the SunD) has a more elliptical orbit

According to the H-R diagram a, the Sun is classified as aA) main sequence star with a temperature of approximately 4,000ºK and a luminosity of 100B) main sequence star with a temperature of approximately 6,000ºK and a luminosity of 1C) white dwarf star with a temperature of approximately 10,000ºK and a luminosity of 0.01D) blue supergiant star with a temperature of approximately 20,000ºK and a luminosity of 700,000

One factor responsible for the strength of gravitational

attraction between a planet and the Sun is the

A) degree of tilt of the planet’s axis

B) distance between the planet and the Sun

C) planet’s period of rotationD) amount of insolation given

off by the Sun

Which of the following stars is least bright?A) the sun B) a blue supergiantC) a white dwarf D) a red giant

Which planet has vast amounts of liquid water at

its surface?A) VenusB) Mars

C) JupiterD) Earth

Which factor does not affect a stars absolute magnitude (Luminosity)?A) The star's temperature. B) The star's size.C) The star's distance. D) The star's shape

Which star color indicates the hottest star surface temperature?A) blueB) whiteC) yellowD) red

The diagram below represents Earth.

Which diagram best represents Mars, drawn to the same scale?

A) B)

C) D)

What factor below usually determines whether a star will be on the main sequence?A) age B) mass C) size D) distance from our sun.

Barnard's Star has a surface temperature of aboutA) 300 ºKB) 3000 ºKC) 5000 ºKD) 10,000 ºK

The probable fate of our sun is…A) to expand as a red giant, undergo a nova outburst and end as a white dwarfB) to shrink to a white dwarf then eventually expand to a red giantC) become hotter and expand into a blue supergiantD) to become a black hole

The apparent brightness of an object such as a star does not depend on

A) how fast the star is moving B) the strength of the light emanating from the starC) the distance from us to the star D) the amount and kind of obstacles between us and the star

The probable fate of a very large Main Sequence star is

A) to expand as a red giant, undergo a nova outburst and end as

a white dwarfB) to shrink to a white dwarf then eventually expand to a red giant

C) become hotter and expand into a blue supergiant

and then to become a black hole

Which of the following stars is hottest?A) a red giantB) a white dwarfC) the sunD) a red dwarf

Stars like Earth’s Sun most likely formed directly from aA) nebula B) supernovaC) red giant D) black dwarf

What type of star is Polaris?A) White Dwarf B) Supergiant C) Red Giant D) Main Sequence

The average temperature of the planets

A) increases with greater distance from the Sun

B) decreases with greater distance from the Sun

C) has no relationship to the distance from the Sun

D) depends only on the chemical composition of the atmosphere

of each plan

Compared with our Sun, the star Betelgeuse isA) smaller, hotter, and less luminous B) smaller, cooler, and more luminousC) larger, hotter, and less luminous D) larger, cooler, and more luminous

What is the average distance, in millions of

kilometers, from the Sun to the asteriod belt?

A) 129B) 189C) 503D) 8

If we plot many stars on an H-R diagram, all with the same luminosity but different temperatures, they

A) would all lie on the main sequence B) would be all over the

diagramC) would form a horizontal line D) would form a vertical line

In describing a model for the origin of our solar system, which one of the

following facts would not be included?A) The planets' orbits lie pretty much

in the same plane.B) The planets revolve around the sun

in the same direction.C) The Solar system revolves around

the center of our galaxy.D) The planets' orbits are mostly close

to being circular

A Red giant star would most likely have a temperature ofA) 5,000ºKB) 10,000ºKC) 20,000ºKD) 30,000ºK

The giant planets are composed primarily ofA) hydrogen and helium

B) carbon dioxideC) iron

D) rocky material

The force of gravity between two objects is greatest whenA) masses are small and the objects are close togetherB) masses are small and the

objects are far apartC) masses are large and the objects are close together

D) masses are large and the objects are far apart

Which statement describes the general relationship between the temperature and the luminosity of main sequence stars?A) As temperature decreases, luminosity increases.B) As temperature decreases, luminosity remains the same.C) As temperature increases, luminosity increases.D) As temperature increases, luminosity remains the same

Which planet’s orbit around the Sun is most nearly

circular?A) MercuryB) NeptuneC) PlutoD) Venus

Compared to the sun, Polaris isA) hotter and less luminous B) cooler and more luminousC) the same temperature and larger D) hotter and larger

Differences in Earth's orbital velocity around the Sun are

caused primarily by changes in the

A) inclination of Earth's axisB) rate of rotation of Earth

C) distance between Earth and the Sun

D) oblate spheroid shapes of Earth and the Sun

Two stars of the same color are plotted on an H-R diagram. Star Ais more luminous than star B. Which one of the following statements could explain this?A) Star A is hotter than star B. B) Star A is more distant than B.C) Star A appears brighter in the sky than star B. D) Star A is larger than star B.

An observer on Earth determines that the apparent diameter of the Moon as viewed from Earth varies in a cyclic

manner. The best explanation for this observation is that the

A) Moon is rotatingB) Moon’s orbit is elliptical

C) atmospheric transparency of the Moon changes

D) distance between the Moon and the Sun change

The constructed ellipse below is a true scale model of the orbit of a planet in our solar system. The eccentricity of this ellipse is…

.25

The actual shape of the Earth's orbit around the Sun

is best described asA) a very eccentric ellipse

B) a slightly eccentric ellipseC) an oblate spheroidD) a perfect circle

The star Algol is estimated to have approximately the same luminosity as the star Aldebaran approximately the same temperature as the Rigel. Algol is best classified as aA) main sequence star B) red giant star C) white dwarf star D) red dwarf star

An astronomer can estimate the temperature of a star by observing itsA) sizeB) shapeC) colorD) brightness

An astronomer can estimate the temperature and composition of a star by using an instrument

called a…

Spectroscope

Which star characteristic will determine the life cycle path of

that star?

Mass

Organize these terms in decreasing size order

Galaxy

Star

Universe

Planet

Solar System

Measurements indicate that a certain star has a very high luminosity (100,000 times that of our sun) and yet has a temperature that is cooler than the sun. What can you conclude about this observation?A) It could be a main sequence star. B) It may be quite large.C) This is a typical characteristic of stars. D) There must be an error in measurement.

The diagram below shows the spectral lines for an element.

Which diagram best represents the spectral lines of this element when its light is observed coming from a star that is moving away from Earth?

a) b)

c) d)

Compared to other stars, the sun isA) among the hottest stars B) among the smallest starsC) very unique D) about average in all respects

Earth is farthest from the Sun during the Northern

Hemisphere's summer, and Earth is closest to the Sun

during the Northern Hemispheres winter. During

which season in the Northern Hemisphere is Earth's orbital

velocity greatest?A) winter B) springC) summer D) fall

The diagram below represents a planet revolving in an elliptical

orbit around a star.

As the planet makes one complete revolution around the star, starting at the position shown, the gravitational attraction between the star and the planet will

A) decrease, then increase

B) increase, then decrease

C) continually decrease

D) remain the same

The photograph below shows an impact crater approximately 1

mile wide located in Diablo Canyon, Arizona. Describe the event that produced this crater