Review for Benchmark U.S. History on 12/17

Study your notes and the following

From Standards 5-9 SSUSH5 The student will explain specific events and key ideas that brought about the adoption and implementation of the United States Constitution. a. Explain how weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation and Daniel Shays’ Rebellion led to a call for a stronger central government. b. Evaluate the major arguments of the anti-Federalists and Federalists during the debate on ratification of the Constitution as put forth in The Federalist concerning form of government, factions, checks and balances, and the power of the executive, including the roles of Alexander Hamilton and James Madison. c. Explain the key features of the Constitution, specifically the Great Compromise, separation of powers (influence of Montesquieu), limited government, and the issue of slavery. d. Analyze how the Bill of Rights serves as a protector of individual and states’ rights. e. Explain the importance of the Presidencies of George Washington and John Adams; include the Whiskey Rebellion, non-intervention in Europe, and the development of political parties (Alexander Hamilton).

(SSUSH5) What rebellion tested the Articles of Confederation? What tested the Constitution? Why was this second

rebellion important?

• Shay’s Rebellion • Whiskey Rebellion • Showed the Fed. Gov’t could

end a crisis.

What are the first three Articles of the Constitution? What are the ten Amendments to the Constitution? Who wanted them added (Political

Party)? • L. E. J. (Legislative, Executive, & Judicial)

• Bill of Rights (protector of individual rights)

• Anti-Federalists

Who was the first Secretary of the Treasury? What are the three

parts of his plan to get the U.S. out of debt ?

• A. Hamilton

• Make a National Bank, Assume all State debts, and place an Excise Tax on Whiskey

What are the two compromises that were part of settling “representation”

in Congress (when making the Constitution)?

• 3/5 Compromise- Slavery

• Great Compromise- Large States and Small States

Which president had the following events in his presidency:

Alien Sedition Acts XYZ Affair

Midnight Judges

• John Adams

Which president had the following events during his presidency:

John Jay’s Treaty Financial Debt

Whiskey Rebellion Non Intervention Policy (Proclamation

of Neturality)

• George Washington

Articles of Confederation’s Weaknesses?

• The national government could not resolve state boundary disputes

• Congress could not tax

• No National Military

• there was only one branch (Legislative)

• Congress could not regulate trade

• Congress could not settle disputes between states.

When we say “the separation of powers “( that were the influence of

Montesquieu) …how were they separated in Federal Government?

What makes one from not overpowering another?

• Into three branches, Legislative, executive and Judicial

• Checks and Balances

Thomas Jefferson believed in the farmers beliefs. What political party

did he develop?

• Democratic Republicans

Alexander Hamilton was the leader of wealthy, lawyers in N.England from

what political party?

• The federalists

In the presidencies of Washington and Adams, what was avoided? How?

• War with Britain and France

• Remaining Neutral

SSUSH6 The student will analyze the impact of territorial expansion and population growth and the impact of this growth in the early decades of the new nation. a. Explain the Northwest Ordinance’s importance in the westward migration of Americans, and on slavery, public education, and the addition of new states. b. Describe Jefferson’s diplomacy in obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from France and the territory’s exploration by Lewis and Clark. c. Explain major reasons for the War of 1812 and the war’s significance on the development of a national identity. d. Describe the construction of the Erie Canal, the rise of New York City, and the development of the nation’s infrastructure. e. Describe the reasons for and importance of the Monroe Doctrine

Northwest ordinance established what process?

• How new states entered the Union

Leader for Public Education?

• Horace Mann

What caused western farmers to be able to use the Mississippi River for

trade? Who did we buy it from? How much did we pay for it?

• The Louisiana Purchase

• Napoleon/ France

• 15 million

Who explored the Louisiana Purchase? Who was their indian guide?

• Lewis and Clark

• Sacagawea

What are the major reasons we entered war in 1812?

• Impressing our sailors

• Violating the rights of neutral ships

• Supplying weapons to the indians in the N.W. Territory

What was the result of the War of 1812?

• It was a draw, but the U.S. felt pride and Nationalism.

• Era of Good Feelings

What are some of the infrastructure that grew in the era after the War of

1812? What contributed to the rise of NYC? What did it connect?

• Erie Canal, National Road, Cumberland Road

• Erie Canal

• Hudson River to Lake Erie

What is the Monroe Doctrine?

• Foreign policy that stated that the European powers had no right to interfere in our Hemisphere.

• SSUSH7 Students will explain the process of economic growth, its regional and national impact in the first half of the 19th century, and the different responses to it.

• a. Explain the impact of the Industrial Revolution as seen in Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin and his development of interchangeable parts for muskets. b. Describe the westward growth of the United States; include the emerging concept of Manifest Destiny. c. Describe reform movements, specifically temperance, abolitionism, and public school. d. Explain women’s efforts to gain suffrage; include Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Seneca Falls Conference. e. Explain Jacksonian Democracy, expanding suffrage, the rise of popular political culture, and the development of American nationalism.

What are Eli Whitney’s two major inventions and what impact did they

have?

• Interchangeable Parts- made manuf. Quicker in North

• Cotton Gin- made an increase in slavery (in the South)to work cotton and it became productive.

The belief that U.S. would inevitably spread “from sea to shining sea” is a

concept called:

• Manifest Destiny

Declaration of Sentiments was made by what group? Who was their leader? Where did they have a

convention?

• Women’s Suffrage Movement

• Elizabeth Cady Stanton

• Seneca Falls, NY

Who were some major abolitionists? What did they want?

• William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglas, Grimke Sisters

• Immediate freedom of slaves without compensation.

What area of the U.S. was important to the election of Andrew Jackson? What even was a situation in which there was

a dispute over states rights and the unconstitutional laws? (someone was

almost hanged)

• West

• Nullification Crisis

• John C. Calhoun

What is Jacksonian Democracy?

• Opening up voting qualifications to all (without property requirements)

SSUSH8 The student will explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and westward expansion. a. Explain how slavery became a significant issue in American politics; include the slave rebellion of Nat Turner and the rise of abolitionism (William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and the Grimke sisters). b. Explain the Missouri Compromise and the issue of slavery in western states and territories. c. Describe the Nullification Crisis and the emergence of states’ rights ideology; include the role of John C. Calhoun and development of sectionalism. d. Describe the war with Mexico and the Wilmot Proviso. e. Explain how the Compromise of 1850 arose out of territorial expansion and population growth.

Who was Nat Turner?

• Led a slave uprising in Virginia

What was the Missouri Compromise?

• Line at 36 30

• Split the Louisiana Territory

• States entering would have to be free above, slave below

• Missouri-slave, Maine- Free

What did the U.S. get out of the War with Mexico?

• California and New Mexico Territory (Mexican Cession)

• Border at Rio Grande

What suggested that the areas acquired from Mexico (Mexican Cession) would not be open to

slavery?

• Wilmot Proviso

What gave the areas of the Mexican Cession the ability to use Popular

sovereignty to decide if they wanted slavery?

• The Compromise of 1850

SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War. a. Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott case, and John Brown’s Raid. b. Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second inaugural address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers, such as his decision to suspend habeas corpus. c. Describe the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William T. Sherman, and Jefferson Davis. d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta and the impact of geography on these battles. e. Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation. f. Explain the importance of the growing economic disparity between the North and the South through an examination of population, functioning railroads, and industrial output.

Who was Dred Scott?

• A slave that wanted his freedom. His case was brought to the Supreme Ct. Said that he was not free because he was NOT A CITIZEN, he was property.

Who was John Brown?

• Radical Abolitionist who tried to capture a armory in Harper’s Ferry. Praised by the North, hated by the South.

Who were some major characters from the Civil War?

• Lincoln

• Jefferson Davis

• Stonewall Jackson

• William Sherman

• Robert E. Lee

• U.S. Grant

What is the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and

the Battle for Atlanta?

• First action of Civil War

• Bloodiest single day battle of Civil War

• Final stand-off battle on the Mississippi River

• Turning point of the Civil War (Confederates never recover)

• The attack at the South to finally end the war

Where was the Emancipation Proclamation applied?

• To areas in rebellion (of the CSA)

What were the advantages of the North in the Civil War?

• Population (males)

• Factories

• Wealth

• Farms (Food/Livestock)

• Guns

• Resources (Coal/Iron)

• Navy/Army

What were the advantages of the South in the Civil War?

• Defensive War

• Positive Goal: Independence

• Short communication lines and friendly population

• United public in contrast to the North

• Experience Officer corps

• Cotton

Gettysburg is considered the _________________ of the Civil War.

• Turning Point