Review Chapter 1Review Chapter 1

Ecology of the ChildEcology of the Child

What is Ecology ?What is Ecology ?

• Science of Interrelationships between organisms and their environment

AdaptationAdaptation

• Modifications of an organism or its behavior to make it fit for existence under the condition of the Environment

DemographicsDemographics

• Statistical characteristics of humam population

• Age

• Race

• Income

EconomicsEconomics

• The production, distribution and consumptions of goods and services

Purpose of Child, Family and Purpose of Child, Family and CommunityCommunity

• Examine how growing up in a changing world affects the development of children through socialization

SocializationSocialization

• Process by which individuals aquire knowledge, skills and character traits that enable them to participate as effective members of groups and society

Name Socialization Name Socialization

• Use your tissue to wipe yoour nose not your sleeve

• Chew food with your mouth closed

• Teachers give homework and children need to bring in back the next day!

• Media states all people want fresh breath

• Driving a Lexus means you made it in life

Socialization is:Socialization is:

• Unique to humans

• Language sharply separates us from other animals – George Mead

• Language makes ideas an communication of these ideas possible

• Language replace action with thoughs to transform behavior

Reciprocal Dynamic ProcessReciprocal Dynamic Process

• Socialization begins at birth

• One individual interacts with another

• Dynamic – changes over time

• Maturation – as we grow the parents expect different behavior and skills

TemperamentTemperament

• Innate characteristics that determine an individuals sensitivity to various experiences and responses to social interaction.

• Fall into three categories : easy, slow-to-warm- up and difficult

• Goodness to fit – caregiver and child

Intentional VS Unintentional Intentional VS Unintentional SocializationSocialization

• Most Socialization is intentional – on purpose – adults pass on their values consistently –convey to the child (talking) and back up with approval this is intentional socialization

• Unintentional may be a product of involvement in human interaction or observation of interaction. Page 12

Socialization, Change & ChallengeSocialization, Change & Challenge

• Children are socialized by many people : parents, siblings, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, friends, teachers, coaches and religious leaders and role models in media.

• Socialization is a complex process• Societal changes occurs as, for example rapid

technological and scientific advances that results in economic fluctuations, socializing agents

Examples of Socialization and Examples of Socialization and ChangesChanges

• Both parents working

• Parents worry about their children’s education and I.Q.

• Parents worry about college in third grade

• Push for excellence – stress for children

• Developmentally Appropriate Curriculum

• Working with your children

Childhood Concept in HistoryChildhood Concept in History

• 14th-16th century – Renaissance – Miniature adults harsh treatment , hard work, adult activities – punishment

• 16th -18th Printing Press – Children treated as uniformed adults – needed education

• 18th -20th –Industrial Revolution – Children need to be prepared for adulthood – compulsory education laws, children’s rights, labor laws

• 20th -21th – Information Age – viewed as consumers, pressured to compete, achieve and be independent & self-reliant

Socialization and AdaptationSocialization and Adaptation

• Socialization is elaborate and involves many variables and reciprocal experiences

• Interactions and environments that affect children's development.

• Understanding the input – socialization process can help people adapt to change

• Output of socialization – values, attitudes, motives and attributions, self esteem, self –regulation of behavior, morals and gender role

• May enable us to manipulate that input to induce the desired output.

• Examples page 15

Socialization VariablesSocialization Variables

• Instruction -------------Values

• Setting Standards-----Attitudes

• Learn-by-doing---------Motives & attributes

• Feedback-----------------Self-esteem

• Reinforcement-----------Self-regulation

• Punishment---------------Morals

• Group Pressure----------Gender Roles

Urie BronfenbrennerUrie Bronfenbrenner

• Theory of bioecological model of Human Development

• Model provides the “whole picture” of the developing child, encompassing relevant theories

• Examine various settings in which a child participates