Reversible Date Hiding Based on Histogram Modification of pixel Differences

IEEE Transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, VOL. 19, NO. 6,JUNE 2009Wei-Liang Tai,  Chia-Ming Yeh,   Chin-Chen Chang報告者 :許睿中日期 :6.20

OutlineIntroductions ProposedExperimental resultsConclusions

IntroductionsNi et al. proposed ”Reversible data

hiding”◦While multiple pairs of peak and minimum

points can be used for embedding , the pure payload is still a little low.

◦Multiple pairs of peak and minimum point must be transmitted to the recipient.

Proposed

2 2 3 3 2 2

xi-1 : predictive pixelxi : original pixel

otherise

0,i if

1ii

ii xx

xd

2 0 1 0 -1 0

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 502468

1012

1 i

1 i

andd if 1 andd if 1

or0 if

iii

iii

ii

i

xxpxxxpx

p d ixy

x

d

peak

2 3y

2 0 1 0 -1 0

1 i

1 i

andd if andd if

iii

iiii xxpbx

xxpbxy

Secret=101Secret=101yi=xi+b =2+1 =3

Proposed

2 2 3 3 2 2

xi-1 : predictive pixelxi : original pixel

otherise

0,i if

1ii

ii xx

xd

2 0 1 0 0-1

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 502468

1012

1 i

1 i

andd if 1 andd if 1

or0 if

iii

iii

ii

i

xxpxxxpx

p d ixy

x

d

peak

2 3

2 0 1 0 0-1

1 i

1 i

andd if andd if

iii

iiii xxpbx

xxpbxy

Secret=101yi=xi-1 =2-1 =1

2 1 3y 2 3 1 32 4 3 1 32 3 4 3 1 3

Proposed

6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 601234567 peak

peak

Proposed

2 3 4 3 1 3

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 502468

1012

1x-y if , 1

x-y if , 0

1-ii

1-ii

pp

b

y

peak

otherwise , and if , 1 and if , 1

11

11

i

i-iiii

i-iiii

i

yxypxyyxypxyy

x

2x

di=yi-xi-1

=3-2 =1

xi=yi-1 =3-1 =2

2

b=1

Proposed

2 3 4 3 1 3

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 502468

1012

1x-y if , 1

x-y if , 0

1-ii

1-ii

pp

b

y

peak

otherwise , and if , 1 and if , 1

11

11

i

i-iiii

i-iiii

i

yxypxyyxypxyy

x

2x

di=yi-xi-1

=4-2 =2

xi=yi-1 =4-1 =3

2 3 3 2 2

Proposed-Binary Tree Structure

Binary Tree Structure

number of peak point=2L

Proposed-Prevent Overflow or Underflow

Proposed-Embedding

1

1

and2 if 2 and2if 2

0 if

iiL

iL

i

ii L

iL

i

i

i

xxdxxx d x

ixyx

d

1

1

and2 if and2 if

iiL

iii

iiL

iiii xxdb)(dx

xxdb)(dxy

Secret=101yi=xi-2L

=133-4 =129

150

132

130

129

136

139

133

150

-18 -2 -1 7 3 -6

-255+2L+

1

255-2L+10 2L

-2L

Embedding level L=2

y 150

129

-6

Proposed-Embedding

1

1

and2 if 2 and2if 2

0 if

iiL

iL

i

ii L

iL

i

i

i

xxdxxx d x

ixyx

d

1

1

and2 if and2 if

iiL

iii

iiL

iiii xxdb)(dx

xxdb)(dxy

Secret=101yi=xi+(di+b) =139+(3+1) =143

150

132

130

129

136

139

133

150

-18 -2 -1 7 3

-255+2L+

1

255-2L+10 2L

-2L

Embedding level L=2

y 150

129

-6

Secret=101

143

Proposed-Embedding

1

1

and2 if 2 and2if 2

0 if

iiL

iL

i

ii L

iL

i

i

i

xxdxxx d x

ixyx

d

1

1

and2 if and2 if

iiL

iii

iiL

iiii xxdb)(dx

xxdb)(dxy

Secret=101yi=xi+2L

=136+4 =140

150

132

130

129

136

139

133

150

-18 -2 -1 7 3

-255+2L+

1

255-2L+10 2L

-2L

Embedding level L=2

y 150

137

-6

143

140

128

127

128

Proposed-Embedding

-255+2L+

1

255-2L+10 2L-2L 2L+1-2L+1

Proposed-Extraction

111

111

2and odd is if , 12andeven is if , 0L

i-iii

Li-iii

-xy xy-xy xy

by

otherwise , and2 if , 2 and2 if , 2

and2if , and2if ,

11

1

11

1

11

12

11

121

1

i

i-iL

i-iL

i

i-iL

i-iL

i

i-iL

i-ixy

i-iL

i-ixy

i

yxy -xyyxy -xyy

xy -xy yixy -xy yi

x

ii

ii

xi=yi+2L

=128+4 =132

150

128

127

128

140

143

129

-255+2L+

1

255-2L+10 2L+1

-2L+1

Embedding level L=2

x 150

di=yi-xi-1

=128-150 =-22

132

Proposed-Extraction

111

111

2and odd is if , 12andeven is if , 0L

i-iii

Li-iii

-xy xy-xy xy

by

otherwise , and2 if , 2 and2 if , 2

and2if , and2if ,

11

1

11

1

11

12

11

121

1

i

i-iL

i-iL

i

i-iL

i-iL

i

i-iL

i-ixy

i-iL

i-ixy

i

yxy -xyyxy -xyy

xy -xy yixy -xy yi

x

ii

ii

150

128

127

128

140

143

129

-255+2L+

1

255-2L+10 2L+1

-2L+1

Embedding level L=2

x 150

di=yi-xi-1

=127-132 =-5

132

b=1

1303127 127 2

5-

21

ii xyii yx

130

129

136

139

133

Experimental results

Conclusion In this letter, we have presented an efficient extension of

the histogram modification technique by considering the differences between adjacent pixels rather than simple pixel value.

One common drawback of virtually all histogram modification techniques is that they must provide a side communication channel for pairs of peak and minimum points.

To solve this problem, we introduced a binary tree that predetermines the multiple peak points used to embed messages; thus, the only information the sender and recipient must share is the tree level L.