results of the esa-due uhi project · meteorological and climate models, to facilitate preventing...

13/12/2011

Results of the ESA-DUE UHI project

Bino Maiheu ([email protected]), on behalf of the UHI project

mailto:[email protected]

13/12/2011 2© 2011, VITO NV

Outline

» Urban heat island problem

» The ESA-DUE urban heat island project

» UHI air temperature modeling approach

» TIR user requirements analysis

» Requirements for UHI modeling

» Importance of synergetic observations for studying UHI

13/12/2011 3© 2011, VITO NV

The urban heat island

» Discomfort : thermal stress & deaths

» Energy Consumption, airconditioning

» Atmospheric chemistry (O3, emissions from energyconsumption)

» Local meteorology e.g. encreased rainfall downwind of cities

» Increased mixing heights, urban plume

» Higher temperature run-off water temperature stressesecosystems

New Orleans,Tailor & Muñoz, 1997

London

13/12/2011 4© 2011, VITO NV

Thermal remote sensing and UHI

» Urban heat mitigation initiatives in many cities in Europe

» Clear added value of TIR remote sensing : LST retrievals !

» Optimize emergency response, reduce risk, asses mitigation measures

» Study building energy efficiency (airborne thermography)

» Aid in improving forecast, integration in urban climate modeling tools

» J.A. Voogt, T.R. Oke, Thermal remote sensing of urban climates (2003), Remote Sensing of Environment 86 (2003) 370–384

13/12/2011 5© 2011, VITO NV

Multi-scale analysis

Oke, 1997

AVHRR

(1km)

Airborne

(10m)

IR CAM

(10cm)

13/12/2011 6© 2011, VITO NV

» Project financed by ESA in framework of DUE program, started end 2008.

» Quite ambitious goals :

» Build archive of 10 years worth of LST retrievals for various sensors for 10 European cities : Madrid, Lisbon, Athens, Brussels, Budapest, Sevilla, Paris, London, Bari, Thessaloniki

» Integration / assimilation of satellite remote sensing observations : Land Surface Temperature and ground weather stations data into urban meteorological and climate models, to facilitate preventing the impact of UHI and to reduce the risk of a heat wave

» Study user requirements for new TIR satellite sensor from the UHI perspective

» IEG : J. Sobrino, Benedicte Dousset, Kostas Kourtidis

The UHI project

13/12/2011 7© 2011, VITO NV

www.urbanheatislands.info

13/12/2011 8© 2011, VITO NV

Data sources UHI project

Sensor TIR Spatial

Resolution

Night/Day Revisiting # TIR

bands

MSG-Seviri3km

(5km)ND

Geostat.,

15min5

NOAA AVHRR 1.1 km ND [12hr] 2

MODIS (Terra

AM, Aqua PM)1 km ND Daily 10

Envisat-AATSR 1 km ND Daily 2

Landsat

(TM/ETM+)

120 m /

60 mD, [N] 16 days 1

ASTER 90 m D 16 days 4

13/12/2011 9© 2011, VITO NV

Air temperature modeling approach

H

LEA

07/01 07/02 07/03 07/04 07/05 07/06 07/07 07/08 07/09 07/10 07/11

280

300

320

Surf

ace T

em

p [

K]

07/01 07/02 07/03 07/04 07/05 07/06 07/07 07/08 07/09 07/10 07/112

3

4

5

Ensem

ble

Std

ev

Ts Model

LST

Ens STD

Ens STD

Ensemble data assimilation technique

13/12/2011 11© 2011, VITO NV

Validation over Paris 2003

13/12/2011 12© 2011, VITO NV

The UHI project of ESACities and User communities involved

» TIR requirements analysis (contribution to the mission requirements for a high resolution TIR (Thermal Infra Red) satellite sensor ('Reorientation of the Fuegosat Consolidation Phase')

10 European Municipalities

Belgium: Brussels

France: Paris,

Greece (2): Athens, Thessaloniki

Italy: Bari

Spain (2): Madrid, Seville

Portugal: Lisbon

UK: London

Hungary: Budapest

Urban planning

Urban environmental quality

Meteorological services

Health prevention, emergencies

management and risk analysis

Energy efficiency (including winter

thermography)

13/12/2011 15© 2011, VITO NV

TIR Requirements synthesis (INDRA)

Meteorological services / Emergencies / Urban Environment al Quality

Observation timeThe time of observation shall be at least of 2 images per day with a

minimum amplitude of 6 hours, and ideally 3 images per day

Spatial resolution The spatial resolution should be < 500 m

Revisit time The revisit time should be < Daily

Spectral Sampling At least two bands centred on 9 µm and 12 µm. Desirable: 4

Timeliness The delivery shall be NRT

Energy Efficiency and Urban Planning

Observation timeThe time of observation should be ideally 2 images per day with a

large amplitude (minimum amplitude of 6 hours)

Spatial resolution The spatial resolution should be between 1m and max

Spectral Sampling 4 TIR Bands

Revisit Time The revisit time should be weekly or more

Source: INDRA

13/12/2011 16© 2011, VITO NV

LST in urban climate modeling

» MSG-SEVIRI too coarse, but still useful for UHI dynamics over large metropolitan areas, e.g. estimate kB-1

» De Ridder, K., C. Bertrand, G. Casanova, W. Lefebvre, and S. Mekaoui, 2011. Estimating urban thermophysical properties using thermal infared geostationary remote sensing. In preparation

» Revisit time of 1 km sensors, capturing the daily amplitude, night & day !

» Uncertainty of urban surface emissivity

» Temperature Emissivity Separation (TES) algorithms best suited

» Multiple TIR bands needed…

» Anisotropy, directional effects in TIR radiance : nadir view vs. off nadir view

» Make use of it / correct for it ?

13/12/2011 17© 2011, VITO NV

Directional effects

» J-P Lagouarde (Remote Sensing of Env. 93 (2004) 443-462) : airborne

» Directional effects of -5 +7 K !!!

» Low res instruments (AVHRR, AATSR) can have incidence angles up to 60 °

13/12/2011 18© 2011, VITO NV

Importance of other synergetic observations

» FVC, Albedo, urban surface characterization

» Atmospheric Composition

» Aerosol extinction & effect on UHI ?

» Effects on long wave radiation loss (greenhouse effect)

» Photo-chemistry : T dependence of O3 NO2

» Urban plume… profile measurements

Other important parameters for UHI modeling / studies

results of the esa-due uhi project · meteorological and climate models, to facilitate preventing...

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