results from the 2015 programme for international … · programme for international student...

© 2016 THE EDUCATION TRUST

Results from the 2015Programme for International Student

Assessment (PISA):

How does the United States compare to other nations?

December 2016

© 2016 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2016 THE EDUCATION TRUST

How has U.S. performance on PISA changed over time?


Subject

2000Rank (out

of 26)

2003 Rank

(out of 26)

2006 Rank

(out of 26)

2009 Rank

(out of 26)

2012Rank

(out of 26)

2015 Rank

(out of 26)

Reading 13th 14th n/a Tied 10th 14th 16th

Mathematics 17th 22nd 22nd Tied 20th 22nd 24th

Science 13th Tied 17th 19th 13th 16th 15th

Source: National Center for Education Statistics, 2016

Note: Rankings are for the 26 countries that were members of the OECD and participated in PISA in 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, 2012, and 2015 and include Luxembourg despite changes to assessment conditions beginning in 2003. 2006 results for U.S. reading performance are not available. Rankings for this chart only are based on rounded scale scores.

Performance Among the 26 OECD Countries Continuously Participating in PISA Since 2000

U.S. Stagnant or Falling Relative to Other Countries


504495

500

498

497489

502

497496

483474

487481

470

350

400

450

500

550

600

2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015

Ave

rage

sca

le s

core

U.S. Performance on PISA over time – All subjects

Reading

Science

Mathematics

*

Note: Possible scores range from 0 to 1,000. Trends are not available from 2000 for all subjects due to revised assessment frameworks; 2006 results for U.S. reading performance are not available. * indicates score is significantly different from 2012 score at the p<.05 level. Source: National Center for Education Statistics, 2016 https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pisa/pisa2015/pisa2015highlights_6.asp

Performance in all subjects has remained stagnant, or

dropped since the beginning of the assessments


483474

487481

470

500 498 499496

490

350

400

450

500

550

600

2003 2006 2009 2012 2015

Ave

rage

sca

le s

core

U.S. Performance on PISA over time – Math

United States

OECD*

Note: Possible scores range from 0 to 1,000. * indicates score is significantly different from the 2012 score at the p<.05 level

Source: National Center for Education Statistics, 2016 https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pisa/pisa2015/pisa2015highlights_6.asp

Math scores have fallen significantly since 2009


489

502

497 496

498

501

501

493

350

400

450

500

550

600

2006 2009 2012 2015

Ave

rage

sca

le s

core

U.S. Performance on PISA over time – Science

United States

OECD


U.S. Science scores have followed similar

trends to the OECD average

Note: Possible scores range from 0 to 1,000. * indicates score is significantly different from the 2012 score at the p<.05 level


504495 500

498 497496 497490

496

498

493

350

400

450

500

550

600

2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015

Ave

rage

sca

le s

core

U.S. Performance on PISA over time – Reading

United States

OECD

Note: Possible scores range from 0 to 1,000. * indicates score is significantly different from the 2012 score at the p<.05 level. 2006 results for U.S. reading performance are not available. Source: National Center for Education Statistics, 2016 https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pisa/pisa2015/pisa2015highlights_6.asp

U.S. performance on reading has been

consistent


How have results of the highest and lowest achieving students in the U.S.

changed over time?



356 358 368 368355

418 411425 418 408

483 474487 481

470

550537

551 543532

607593

607 600585

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

2003 2006 2009 2012 2015

Ave

rage

sca

le s

core

PISA – Math

10th percentile

25th percentile

Average

75th percentile

90th percentile

Scores fell in 2015 for all levels of performers in math



349374 377 368

412433 431 425

488502 497 496

567 572 563 567

628 629619 626

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

2006 2009 2012 2015

Ave

rage

sca

le s

core

PISA – Science

10th percentile

25th percentile

Average

75th percentile

90th percentile

Since 2006, Improvement among Lower Performing Students



363 319

372 378364

436429 433

436 430

504495 500

498 497

577

568 569561 568

636622 625

614 624

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

2000 2003 2009 2012 2015

Ave

rage

sca

le s

core

PISA – Reading

10th percentile

25th percentile

Average

75th percentile

90th percentile

Performance in reading has been stagnant in reading for 15 year olds


The most recent results by subject


2015 Math


Source:

Of 35 OECD Countries, U.S.A. Ranks 31st in Math Literacy

U.S.A.OECD

Higher than U.S. average Not measurably different from U.S. average Lower than U.S. average

National Center for Education Statistics, 2016 https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pisa/pisa2015/pisa2015highlights_5.asp

300

350

400

450

500

550

Japa

n

Kor

ea,

Rep

ublic

of

Swit

zerl

and

Esto

nia

Can

ada

Ne

the

rlan

ds

Den

mar

k

Fin

lan

d

Slo

veni

a

Ge

rman

y

Pol

and

Irel

and

No

rway

Au

stri

a

Ne

w Z

eal

and

Swe

den

Au

stra

lia

Fran

ce

Un

ite

d Ki

ngd

om

Cze

ch R

epu

blic

Por

tuga

l

OEC

D a

vera

ge

Ital

y

Icel

and

Spai

n

Luxe

mb

our

g

Latv

ia

Hu

nga

ry

Slo

vak

Re

pub

lic

Isra

el

Un

ite

d St

ate

s

Gre

ece

Ch

ile

Turk

ey

Mex

ico

Ave

rage

sca

le s

core

Math, 2015 – All Students



U.S.A. Ranks 30th out of 35 OECD Countries on Students Scoring at the Highest Achievement Levels

U.S.A.

OECD

Note: Highest achievement levels are Levels 5 and above. Countries with values that round to zero are listed as zero.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Ko

rea,

…

Jap

an

Swit

zerl

and

Bel

gium

Net

herl

and

s

Ca

nad

a

Esto

nia

Slo

ven

ia

Ger

man

y

Aus

tria

Pola

nd

Fin

lan

d

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Port

uga

l

New

Zea

lan

d

Aus

tral

ia

OEC

D a

vera

ge

No

rwa

y

Un

ited

…

Ital

y

Swed

en

Czec

h R

epu

blic

Icel

and

Luxe

mb

ourg

Ire

lan

d

Isra

el

Hun

gary

Slov

ak…

Spai

n

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Latv

ia

Gre

ece

Ch

ile

Turk

ey

Mex

ico

Perc

enta

ge o

f St

uden

ts

Math, 2015 – Percent of students scoring at highest levels



U.S.A. Ranks 30th out of 35 OECD Countries in the Math Achievement of the Highest-Performing Students

Note: Highest-performing students are those at the 90th Percentile.

OECD U.S.A.

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

Ave

rage

sca

le s

core

Math, 2015 – 90th Percentile Score



U.S.A. Ranks 28th out of 35 OECD Countries in the Math Achievement of the Lowest-Performing Students

Note: Lowest-performing students are those at the 10th Percentile.

OECD

U.S.A.

250

300

350

400

450

500

Ave

rage

sca

le s

core

Math, 2015 – 10th Percentile Score


Neither low-SES students nor high-SES students compare well to their international

counterparts . . .



U.S.A. Ranks 29th out of 35 OECD Countries in the Math Achievement of High-SES Students

U.S.A.OECD

350

400

450

500

550

600

Kore

a, R

epub

lic o

f

Jap

an

Swit

zerl

and

Esto

nia

Ger

man

y

Net

herl

and

s

Fran

ce

Finl

and

Slov

enia

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

Can

ada

Po

rtu

gal

Pola

nd

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Irel

and

Au

stri

a

Swe

de

n

New

Zea

lan

d

Au

stra

lia

Un

ited

Kin

gdom

Hun

gary

No

rway

OEC

D a

vera

ge

Spai

n

Ital

y

Slo

vak

Rep

ub

lic

Icel

and

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Latv

ia

Isra

el

Gre

ece

Chi

le

Turk

ey

Mex

ico

Ave

rag

e S

cale

Sco

re

Math, 2015 – High-SES Students

Note: High SES students are those in the top quartile of the ESCS index in their country. The ESCS (Index of Economic, Social , and Cultural Status) is comprised of information related to parents’ occupational status, parents’ educational attainment, family wealth, home educational resources, and possessions related to “classical” culture in the home.


Source:

U.S.A. Ranks 28th out of 35 OECD Countries in the Math Achievement of Low-SES Students

Note: Low SES students are those in the bottom quartile of the ESCS index in their country. The ESCS (Index of Economic, Social, and Cultural Status) is comprised of information related to parents’ occupational status, parents’ educational attainment, family wealth, home educational resources, and possessions related to “classical” culture in the home.

U.S.A.

OECD


350

400

450

500

550

600

Jap

an

Esto

nia

Can

ada

Kore

a, R

epub

lic o

f

De

nm

ark

Swit

zerl

and

Finl

and

Net

herl

and

s

Slov

enia

No

rway

Pola

nd

Irel

and

Ger

man

y

Icel

and

Un

ited

Kin

gdom

Au

stra

lia

Au

stri

a

New

Zea

land

Swed

en

Ital

y

OEC

D a

vera

ge

Po

rtu

gal

Latv

ia

Spai

n

Fra

nce

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

Luxe

mbo

urg

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Slov

ak R

epu

blic

Hun

gary

Gre

ece

Isra

el

Turk

ey

Mex

ico

Chi

le

Ave

rage

sca

le s

core

Math, 2015 – Low-SES Students


Source:

431

542

428

529

442

532

431

517

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Low SES High SES

PISA, 2003-2015, by student SES level

Math results declined for both low and high-SES students between 2012 and 2015. Today, results for low-SES students are the same as they were in 2003,

while for high-SES students, math scores are lower than they were 12 years ago.


2006 2012 2015 2006 2012 2015

Ave

rage

sca

le s

core

Note: High SES students are those in the top quartile of the ESCS index in their country. Low SES students are those in the bottom quartile. The ESCS (Index of Economic, Social, and Cultural Status) is comprised of information related to parents’ occupational status, parents’ educati onal attainment, family wealth, home educational resources, and possessions related to “classical” culture in the home. N/A = Scores by ESCS level are not publicly available for this year.

2003 2003 2009

N/AN/A

2009


Gaps between low-SES and high-SES students are large . . .


Source:

The U.S. Gap Between High-SES and Low-SES Students is Equivalent to Over Two Years of Schooling


U.S.A.OECD

350

400

450

500

550

600

Mex

ico

Turk

ey

Icel

and

Nor

way

Latv

ia

Cana

da

Esto

nia

Den

mar

k

Fin

land

Slo

veni

a

Irel

and

Gre

ece

Ital

y

Japa

n

Pola

nd

Ne

the

rla

nd

s

Uni

ted

King

dom

Sp

ain

OEC

D a

vera

ge

Aus

tral

ia

Un

ited

Sta

tes

New

Zea

land

Ger

man

y

Aus

tria

Swed

en

Swit

zerl

and

Isra

el

Kore

a, R

epub

lic o

f

Slo

vak

Rep

ublic

Ch

ile

Port

ugal

Cze

ch R

ep

ub

lic

Fran

ce

Luxe

mbo

urg

Hu

ngar

y

Ga

p i

n A

vera

ge S

cale

Sco

re

Math, 2015 – Gaps in low- and high- SES performance

Note: High SES students are those in the top quartile of the ESCS index in their country. Low SES students are those in the bottom quartile. The ESCS (Index of Economic, Social, and Cultural Status) is comprised of information related to parents’ occupational status, parents’ educati onal attainment, family wealth, home educational resources, and possessions related to “classical” culture in the home.


Within the United States, performance varies widely

across groups of students . . .


Source:

PISA results indicate that U.S. schools are equipping white and Asian students with higher levels of

preparation in Math.

499

419

446

498490

350

400

450

500

550

600

White African American Latino Asian OECD Average

Ave

rage

sca

le s

core

Math, 2015 – U.S. results by race/ ethnicity



Source:

Students in high-poverty schools score far below students in low-poverty schools

427

530

490

350

400

450

500

550

600

High-poverty schools Low-poverty schools OECD Average

Ave

rag

e s

cale

sco

re

Math, 2015 – Results by school poverty level


Note: Low income schools are those in which 75% or more of students are eligible for free or reduced price lunch; high income schools are those in which less than 10% are eligible


Source:

2015 Science


Source:

Of 35 OECD Countries, U.S.A. Ranks 19th in Science Literacy

300

350

400

450

500

550

Ave

rage

Sca

le S

core

PISA Science, 2015 – All Students

U.S.A. OECD




Source:



0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Perc

enta

ge o

f St

uden

ts

Science, 2015 - Percent of students scoring at the highest levels

U.S.A.OECD




350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

Ave

rag

e s

cale

sco

re

Science, 2015 – 90th Percentile score

U.S.A. Ranks 14th out of 35 OECD Countries in the Science Achievement of the Highest-Performing Students

OECDU.S.A.

Note: Highest-performing students are those at the 90th Percentile



250

300

350

400

450

500

Ave

rage

sca

le s

core

Science, 2015 – 10th Percentile Score

U.S.A. Ranks 21st out of 35 OECD Countries in the Science Achievement of the Lowest-Performing Students


OECD U.S.A.


Source:

The United States’ results for low and high-SES students are similar to OECD

averages for their counterparts.


Source:

350

400

450

500

550

600

Ave

rage

sca

le s

core

Science, 2015 – High- SES Students


U.S.A. Ranks 19th out of 35 OECD Countries in the Science Achievement of High-SES Students

U.S.A. OECD



Source:

350

400

450

500

550

600

Ave

rage

sca

le s

core

Science, 2015 – Low-SES Students

U.S.A. Ranks 18th out of 35 OECD Countries in the Science Achievement of Low-SES Students

U.S.A. OECD




Source:

Scores for low-SES students in the U.S. improved between 2006 and 2015, but most of this improvement happened prior to 2012. Between 2006 and

2015, scores for high-SES students declined.


435

552

456

548

457

546

350

400

450

500

550

600

Low SES High SES

Science, 2006-2015, by student SES level

2006 2012 2015 2006 2012 2015

Ave

rage

sca

le s

core

N/A

2009

N/A

2009

Note: High SES students are those in the top quartile of the ESCS index in their country. Low SES students are those in the bottom quartile. The ESCS (Index of Economic, Social, and Cultural Status) is comprised of information related to parents’ occupational status, parents’ educati onal attainment, family wealth, home educational resources, and possessions related to “classical” culture in the home. N/A = Scores by ESCS level are not publicly available for this year.


Source:

The U.S. Gap Between High-SES and Low-SES Students is Equivalent to Over Two Years of Schooling

350

400

450

500

550

600

Gap

in A

vera

ge S

cale

Sco

re

Science, 2015 – Gaps between low- and high- SES performance


U.S.A.OECD



Source:

PISA results indicate that U.S. schools are equipping white and Asian students with higher levels of

preparation in science.

531

433

470

525

493

350

400

450

500

550

600

White African American Latino Asian OECD Average

Ave

rage

sca

le s

core

Science, 2015 – Performance by race/ ethnic group



Source:

Students in high-poverty schools score far below students in low-poverty schools

446

546

493

350

400

450

500

550

600

High-poverty schools Low-poverty schools OECD Average

Ave

rag

e s

cale

sco

re

Science, 2015 – Performance by school poverty level


Note: High poverty schools are those in which 75% or more of students are eligible for free or reduced price lunch; low poverty schools are those in which less than 10% are eligible


Source:

2015 Reading


Source:

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Reading, 2015 - All Students

Of 35 OECD Countries, U.S.A. Ranks 20thth

in Reading Literacy

U.S.A. OECD



Ave

rag

e s

cale

sco

re


Source:

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Reading, 2015 - Percent of students scoring at the highest levels



U.S.A.OECD


Pe

rce

nt o

f stu

de

nts


Source:

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800Reading, 2015 - 90th percentile score


U.S.A. Ranks 14th out of 35 OECD Countries in the Reading Achievement of the Highest-Performing Students

Note: Highest-performing students are those at the 90th Percentile.

OECDU.S.A.

Ave

rag

e s

cale

sco

re


Source:

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Irel

and

Esto

nia

Ca

na

da

Fin

lan

d

Jap

an

Kore

a, R

epub

licof

Pola

nd

Den

mar

k

Slo

ven

ia

No

rway

Spai

n

Ge

rma

ny

Port

ugal

Latv

ia

Uni

ted

King

dom

New

Zea

land

Net

herl

ands

Aus

tral

ia

Uni

tedS

tate

s

Swed

en

OEC

D a

vera

ge

Bel

giu

m

Swit

zerl

and

Ital

y

Czec

h R

epub

lic

Icel

an

d

Au

stri

a

Fran

ce

Chile

Hu

ngar

y

Luxe

mb

ou

rg

Gre

ece

Isra

el

Turk

ey

Mex

ico

Slo

vak

Rep

ubl

ic

Reading, 2015 - 10th percentile score


U.S.A. Ranks 19th out of 35 OECD Countries in the Reading Achievement of the Lowest-Performing Students


OECDU.S.A.

Ave

rag

e s

cale

sco

re


Source:

The United States’ results for high-SES students are similar to OECD averages for their counterparts, while results for low-

SES students are somewhat higher.



0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Fin

lan

d

Fra

nce

Ger

man

y

Irel

and

Ca

nad

a

Kore

a, R

epub

licof

New

Zea

lan

d

Esto

nia

Jap

an

Bel

gium

Net

herl

and

s

Aus

tral

ia

Pola

nd

Port

uga

l

Luxe

mb

ou

rg

Slov

enia

Swed

en

Czec

h R

epu

blic

No

rwa

y

Swit

zerl

and

Un

ited

Kin

gdom

Den

mar

k

Uni

ted

Stat

es

OEC

D a

vera

ge

Spai

n

Aus

tria

Hun

gary

Ital

y

Latv

ia

Isra

el

Gre

ece

Icel

and

Slo

vak

Re

pu

blic

Chile

Turk

ey

Mex

ico

Reading, 2015 - High SES students

U.S.A. OECD

U.S.A. Ranks 23rd out of 35 OECD Countries in the Reading Achievement of High-SES Students

Ave

rag

e s

cale

sco

re




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Fin

lan

d

Can

ada

Esto

nia

Irel

and

No

rway

Kor

ea,

Rep

ublic

of

Japa

n

Ge

rman

y

Slo

veni

a

Pol

and

Den

mar

k

Un

ite

d Ki

ngd

om

Ne

the

rlan

ds

Ne

w Z

eal

and

Au

stra

lia

Un

ite

d St

ate

s

Swe

den

Spai

n

Por

tuga

l

Latv

ia

Icel

and

OEC

D a

vera

ge

Bel

giu

m

Swit

zerl

and

Fran

ce

Ital

y

Au

stri

a

Cze

ch R

epu

blic

Isra

el

Gre

ece

Luxe

mb

our

g

Ch

ile

Hu

nga

ry

Turk

ey

Slo

vak

Re

pub

lic

Mex

ico

Reading, 2015 - Low SES Students

U.S.A. OECD

U.S.A. Ranks 16th out of 35 OECD Countries in the Reading Achievement of Low-SES Students

Ave

rag

e s

cale

sco

re



Source:

Scores for low-SES students in the U.S. improved between 2009 and 2015, but most of this improvement happened between 2009 and 2012. Between

2009 and 2015, scores for high-SES students declined.


2012 2015 2012 2015

Ave

rage

sca

le s

core

2009 2009

Note: High SES students are those in the top quartile of the ESCS index in their country. Low SES students are those in the bottom quartile. The ESCS (Index of Economic, Social, and Cultural Status) is comprised of information related to parents’ occupational status, parents’ educati onal attainment, family wealth, home educational resources, and possessions related to “classical” culture in the home. Reading scores by ESCS quartile are not available for years prior to 2009.

451

558

461

546

462

540

350

400

450

500

550

600

Reading, 2009-2015, by student SES level

Low SES High SES


Source:

The gap between high and low-SES students in the United States is slightly smaller than the OECD average.


350

400

450

500

550

600

Icel

and

Turk

ey

No

rway

Esto

nia

Latv

ia

Mex

ico

Can

ada

Den

mar

k

Finl

and

Ko

rea,

Rep

ub

lico

f

Un

ited

Kin

gdom

Jap

an

Slov

enia

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Irel

and

Spai

n

Ital

y

Pola

nd

OEC

D a

vera

ge

Swe

de

n

Au

stra

lia

Chi

le

Net

herl

and

s

Po

rtu

gal

Ger

man

y

Isra

el

Gre

ece

New

Zea

lan

d

Swit

zerl

and

Au

stri

a

Be

lgiu

m

Slov

ak R

epu

blic

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

Hu

nga

ry

Fran

ce

Luxe

mbo

urg

Reading, 2015 - Gap between high and low SES students

U.S.A. OECD

Gap

in A

vera

ge S

cale

Sco

re



Source:

PISA results indicate that U.S. schools are equipping white and Asian students with higher levels of preparation in reading.


526

443

478

527

493

350

400

450

500

550

600

White Black Hispanic Asian OECD average

Reading, 2015 – Performance by race/ ethnic group

Ave

rag

e s

cale

sco

re



Results of students in the highest-poverty schools were lower than those of students in the lowest-poverty

schools.

Note: High poverty schools are those in which 75% or more of students are eligible for free or reduced price lunch; low poverty schools are those in which less than 10% are eligible

453

548

493

350

400

450

500

550

600

High-poverty Schools Low-poverty schools OECD average

Reading, 2015 – Performance by school poverty level

Ave

rag

e s

cale

sco

re

results from the 2015 programme for international … · programme for international student...

Documents