respiration glycolysis | aerobic respiration | anaerobic respiration
TRANSCRIPT
RespirationGlycolysis | Aerobic Respiration | Anaerobic
Respiration
Learning Objectives• Explain the release of energy through
glycolysis• Describe the main steps of aerobic
respiration• Differentiate between the two main types of
anaerobic respiration• Compare and contrast the different forms of
aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Respiration
Resp
irati
on
Glycolysis (anaerobic)
Krebs cycle (aerobic)
Electron Transport Chain
(aerobic)
Respiration takes place in three main
stages:
ATP
Glycolysis occurs in the ________, but the Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain occurs in the ____________.
cytoplasm
mitochondria
Glycolysis occurs in
the cytoplasm.
The Krebs cycle and
the electron transport
chain occur in the
mitochondria.
GLYCOLYSIS
Definition: Glycolysis is the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken down to produce two molecules of pyruvic acid.
Glucose 2 molecules pyruvic acid
• Glycolysis – breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid– Products: 2
pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH
– Occurs in cytosol with or without oxygen
Glycolysis
There are 2 types of respiration:
Aerobic Respiration:Requires oxygen
Anaerobic Respiration:Does NOT require oxygen
• Aerobic respiration – the process of breaking down glucose to yield a maximum amount of ATP that takes place in the presence of oxygen– Generates 36-38 ATP
• Citric acid cycle – a series of eight reactions that further
Aerobic Respiration
breaks down the end product of glycolysis (acetyl CoA) to carbon dioxide
• Citric acid cycle– Occurs in mitochondria– Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to acetyl
CoA before entering cycle– Cycle turns twice per glucose molecule
• One turn per acetyl CoA
– Each turn produces:• 2 CO2
• 2 NADH• 1 FADH2
• 1 ATP
Aerobic Respiration
• Electron transport chain – NADH and FADH2
donate electrons
Phosphate group is addedto ADP and makes ATP.
Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
FERMENTATION
Fermentation occurs when:oxygen is not present. Since no oxygen is required, fermentation is an __________ process.
anaerobic
The anaerobic pathways are not very efficient in transferring energy from ________ to _____.
Fermentation will yield only a gain
of _______ per molecule of
______.
glucose
ATP
2 ATPglucose
There are two main types of fermentation:
Alcoholic fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
_______ perform alcoholic fermentation.Yeasts convert _____________ into
______________ when they run out of _______.
Yeasts are used to make breads and alcohol.
Yeastspyruvic acidethyl alcohol oxyge
n
The Steps of Alcoholic Fermentation
Glucose Pyruvic acid
2 ATP
Glycolysis
If no O2
available
CO2
Ethyl alcohol
Yeasts are used in this way in both the ________ and the _______ industries. The alcohol makes alcoholic beverages. The ______________ that is given off causes bread dough to _____. Small bubbles are formed in the dough, making the bread rise. (The alcohol evaporates during the baking process.)
alcohol baking
carbon dioxide rise
The Steps of Lactic Acid Fermentation
Glucose Pyruvic acid
2 ATP
Glycolysis
Lactic acid
____________ is converted to _________ by _______ cells when there is a shortage of ________.It is produced in muscle cells during strenuous exercise because the muscles are using up the _______ that is present and the body is not supplying the muscle tissue with enough additional oxygen.
Pyruvic acid lactic acid muscleoxygen
oxygen
This causes _____________ because it lowers the ___ of the muscle and reduces the muscle’s ability to ________.When oxygen _______ to the muscles, the __________ will be converted back to ____________. The pyruvic acid will then go into _______ respiration.
severe crampspH
contractreturns
lactic acidpyruvic acid
aerobic
A wide variety of foods are produced by bacteria using lactic acid
fermentation: cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, sour cream, pickles,
sauerkraut.
• Lactic acid fermentation – the type of fermentation in which lactic acid is produced
• Alcoholic fermentation – a type of fermentation in which ethanol and carbon dioxide are produced
Anaerobic Respiration
Alcoholic fermentationLactic acid fermentation
Respiration Comparison
Reaction Reactants
Products Net Energy Gain
Location
Glycolysis Glucose Pyruvate 2 ATP Cytoplasm
Aerobic respiration
Pyruvate, oxygen
Water, carbon dioxide
34 or 36 ATP
Mitochondria
Lactic acid fermentation
Pyruvate Lactic acid
None Cytoplasm
Alcoholic fermentation
Pyruvate Alcohol (ethanol),carbon dioxide
None Cytoplasm
Learning Objectives• Explain the release of energy through
glycolysis• Describe the main steps of aerobic
respiration• Differentiate between the two main types of
anaerobic respiration• Compare and contrast the different forms of
aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Respiration