resource description and access at university of zimbabwe
TRANSCRIPT
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RDA TRAINING WORKSHOP
Facilitated byPETER KATIVHU
[email protected]@uzlib.uz.ac.zw
+263 8644 04 04 04September 2016
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To create an efficient instrument to establish whether the library contains a particular item specified by access points such as:
1. Easy Retrieval (descriptive) 2. Holdings information (who has it)3. Content of information (choice)
Why do we catalogue
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Recommended Dietary Allowances Recommended Daily Allowance Russian Digital Alliance ...???
What does RDA stands for?
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• RDA: Resource Description and Access• FRBR: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records• FRAD: Functional Requirements for Authority Data• JSC: Joint Steering Committee • AACR2: Anglo American Cataloguing Rules Second Edition• MARC: Machine Readable Cataloguing• GMD: General Material Designation• SMD: Specific Material Designation• WEMI: Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item• FISO: Find, Identify, Select, Obtain
Acronyms
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RDA is new cataloguing rules – successor to AACR2
Based on the conceptual models of FRBR and FRAD
Has online subscription product (RDA Toolkit) with print version
Designed for the digital world
Designed for different Information providing Institutions
What is RDA?
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Information resources is expanding to different formats
Formats/carriers could be paper-based, audio or digital For instance:
the content of a visual image can be captured on an information carrier like film.
Another content type is sound that can be recorded as notation in printed scores or captured as an MP3/MP4 file
Why RDA?
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AACR was originally published in 1978. The world has changed since then:
• The internet happened• We are no longer using card catalogues• We have more information carriers than • before• Technology is growing everyday
AACR was revised in 1988, 1998 and 2002, but all the revisions basically followed the same structure as AACR2
Why replace AACR?
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Card Catalogue
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Card Catalogue
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Computer Catalogue (OPAC)
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AACR was developed in the era of the card catalogue, and much of the terminology in AACR reflects that, for example terms like ‘heading’, ‘main entry’ and ‘added entry’.
During the draft of AACR3 there was a concern about the need to move closer to the alignment with FRBR model.
Shortfalls of AACR2
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Simplifies the process of transcription by taking what you see on the resource.
Eliminates many of the AACR2 rules that instruct cataloguers to alter the data that they are transcribing.
New elements are being added to RDA, some to solve problems with AACR2 and some to add elements that are lacking in AACR2
How RDA works?
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User oriented. It allows users to ―easily find, identify, select, and obtain the materials they need within the system
The end user is presented with data that can be easily read and correctly interpreted.
Advantages of RDA
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Easy to understand due to the use of English language terms instead of Latin.
Spelled out forms replacing the abbreviations used in AACR2.
More flexible framework than AACR2. Cataloguers can use a number of different encoding schema, including Dublin Core, MARC21, and Metadata Object Description Standard.
Advantages of RDA …
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It is more adaptable to an online network and new types of media
RDA is also fully online, so there are no manuals to purchase or paper to print, saving the libraries money
Advantages of RDA …
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Initial implementation is costly – subscription and training
The system needs to be installed on all computers and all cataloguing records need to be converted over (not enforced)
The library staff needs to be trained to acquire skills on how to use RDA
The library must pay a subscription rate to use RDA online.
Disadvantages of RDA
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Committee of Principals (COP)
Co-publishers who manage the AACR Fund
Joint Steering Committee for the Development of RDA (JSC)
In South Africa there is an RDA Steering Committee as well (RDA-SA)
Who is responsible for RDA facilitation
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• During the 1990s, IFLA took the lead in bibliographic control to develop a conceptual model known as FRBR
• Published in1998• It reinforces the objectives of catalogues and the
importance of relationships. • It helps users to fulfill basic tasks with respect to the
catalogue; enabling people to find, identify, select and obtain information they want.
• These are known as the FRBR user tasks (FISO).
FRBR: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
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FRBR Modeling the Bibliographic Universe‐ utilizes an entity relationship framework:‐
• Entities (a class of things)• Relationships (associations among entities)• Attributes (characteristics of the entities) [RDA calls these
“elements”]
FRBR model
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Framework identifies and defines entities of interest to users
Systematically analyses data users expect to find in a bibliographic record
“Users” are broadly defined• Traditional library patrons and staff• Publishers, distributors, retailers, and information• providers outside traditional library settings
Qualities of FRBR
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• Entities that are related to each other• They can be described through data elements or attributes. • The entities themselves are sorted into three groups:
Group 1 - entities – WEMI (resource)Group 2 - entities – Person, family and corporate body (agent) Group 3 - includes 1 & 2 plus – concept, object, event and place (Subject
FRBR uses an Entity-Attribute-Relationship structure
FRBR Entities
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The data elements describing a resource that are covered in RDA generally reflect the attributes and relationships associated with the entities WEMI that are defined in FRBR. Those entities are defined in RDA as follows:
◦Work—a distinct intellectual or artistic creation (i.e., the intellectual or
artistic content)◦ Expression—the intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form
of alpha-numeric, musical or choreographic notation, sound, image, object, movement, etc., or any combination of such forms
◦Manifestation—the physical embodiment of an expression of a work◦ Item—a single exemplar or instance of a manifestation.
WEMI (Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item)
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WEMI – Example
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Expression
Manifestation
Item
Work
Physical -recording ofcontent
Intellectual/artistic content
is realized through
is embodied in
is exemplified by
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Abstract entity ideas‐ No single material object one can point to Recognized through individual realizations or expressions Exists only in the commonality of content between and among
the various expressions
Two examples of Work attributes: ◦ 1. Title of the Work:
◦ 2. Form of Work: (e.g., novel, play, poem, essay, biography, symphony, concerto, sonata, map, drawing, painting, photograph, etc.).
The Work in FRBR
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The intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of:Alpha numeric notation‐Musical notationChoreographic notationSoundImageObjectMovementOr any combination of such forms
It is how the ideas are communicated
Two examples of Expression attributes: Book written in EnglishSong sung in Shona
The Expression in FRBR
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Represents all the physical objects that bear the same characteristics, in respect to both intellectual content and physical form.
Encompasses a wide range of materials Manuscripts, Books, Periodicals, Maps, Posters, Sound recordings, CD ROMs, Multimedia kits‐
Three examples of Manifestation attributes: ◦1. Publisher/Distributor:
◦2. Date of Publication/Distribution:
◦3. Capture mode: (e.g., analogue, acoustic, electric, digital, optical etc.).
The Manifestation in FRBR
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Item is a concrete entity:
A single physical object (e.g., a copy of a one volume monograph, a single audio ‐cassette, etc.)
or: Can comprise more than one physical object (e.g., a monograph issued as two
separately bound volumes, a recording issued on three separate compact discs, etc.)
Two examples of Item attributes: ◦ 1. Item identifier: (e.g., call number, accession number, bar code, etc.). Or (e.g., a
rare book collection, a branch library, etc.). ◦ 2. Provenance of the Item: The provenance of an item is a record of previous
ownership or custodianship of the item.
The Item in FRBR
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WEMI – Example
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The JSC has included FRAD’s (Functional Requirements for Authority Data) basic concepts in RDA.
Basically, entities in the bibliographic universe, such as those identified in FRBR, are known by names or identifiers or both.
In the cataloguing process, those names and identifiers are used as the basis for constructing controlled access points.
The FRBR model has been extended into the realm of authority data.
FRAD: Functional Requirements for Authority Data
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• Now we have these two models from IFLA• They give us a picture of how we might design systems in the
future• Cataloguers are no longer work in isolation – new technology
developments• Catalogues, and especially bibliographic data, can now be
integrated into the wider Internet environment.• New kinds of links can be made • New displays can be generated for users from the data that
can be packaged in new ways, all of it on a global scale.
Link Between FRAD,FRBR and RDA
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Amana Eish…??? Tombozora Ahh!!!
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How to tell when you have an RDA recordLook for “‡e rda” in the 040 field
336, 337 and 338 fields
Other more MARC fields added
Features of RDA
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• RDA tells us what to record, a little about how, nothing about where to record it
• LC policy tells us more about how and definitely where
• Name attributes are now being recorded in many distinct fields, as well as the 670, by cataloger judgment
• Specific attributes used to break conflict are still additions in the authorized access point (1XX)
RDA and the authority record
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Take note: new authority fields
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Take note: new authority fields
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Take note: new authority fields
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W attributes found in what field?
• preferred title : 1XX $t, 130, 240, 245, 7XX $t• date of work : 130 $f• other distinguishing characteristic of the work : depends on
what the distinguishing characteristic is• intended audience : 008/22 ; 6XX $v [Juvenile resources]• key : 240, 130, 7XX• medium of performance : 240, 130, 7XX• numeric designation of a musical work : 240, 130, 7XX • coordinates of cartographic content : 255
W: bibliographic/authority record
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E attributes found in what field? • content type : 336
• date of expression : $f of expression access point• language of expression : 008/35-37, 041, 546, 130/240 $l,
7XX $l• summarization of content : 520• other distinguishing characteristic : depends on the
characteristic• Scale [Core for cartographic resources] : 507
E: bibliographic/authority record
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• title proper : 245 $a• statement of responsibility for the title proper : 245 $c• edition statement : 250 $a• place of publication/distribution/manufacture/ production : 264 $a• publisher/distributor/manufacturer/producer : 264 $b• date of publication/distribution/manufacture/ production : 264 $c• series statement : 490• carrier type : 338• media type : 337• extent : 300 $a• dimensions : 300 $c • identifier for the manifestation : 020, etc.• mode of issuance : 362• physical medium : 340• URL : 856• frequency : 310/321• note on changes in carrier characteristics : 500• digital file characteristic : 352
M: bibliographic/authority record
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I attributes found in what field?
• restrictions on use : 5XX• item identifier : barcode in Item record• access restrictions on the item : 5XX
I: bibliographic/authority record
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RDA Record in Millennium
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A MARC bibliographic record includes data identifying many FRBR entities – the Group 1 entities of:
• Work• Expression• Manifestation• Item (sometimes)
• It can also include the persons, families, corporate bodies – and relationships.
The attributes, or as RDA calls them, the elements may be stored in a MARC record in a subfield or a field.
Conclusions
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The focus of RDA is the user◦ Each section is explicitly related to user tasks◦ Fewer abbreviations and omissions◦ No limitations on the number of access points
Summary
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QUESTIONS?????
QUESTIONS?????
QUESTIONS?????
THE END!!!