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Result-oriented publishable report RESIREA

Fondation Énergies pour le Monde 1 December 2009

146, rue de l’Université 75007 PARIS Téléphone : +33 (0)1 44 18 00 80 Télécopie : +33 (0)1 44 18 00 36

[email protected]

“Renewable Energy Sustainable Programs for Intelligent Rural Electrification

and Poverty Alleviation”

RESIREA

PUBLISHABLE REPORT

- January 2007 – December 2009 -

“The sole responsibility for the content of this progress report lies with the authors. It does not represent the opinion of the Community. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein”



TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENT 2

1. RESIREA IN BRIEF 3 1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE ACTION 3 1.2 THE CONSORTIUM 3 1.3 THE FINANCIAL PARTNERS 3 1.4 ACHIEVED ACTIONS PER WORK PACKAGE 3 1.5 MAJOR RESULTS 6 1.6 LESSONS LEARNT 6

2. ACHIEVEMENTS OF RESIREA 7 2.1 WP 1: MANAGEMENT 7 2.1.1 Objective 7 2.1.2 Activities implemented 7 2.2 WP 2: INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS OF DRE INFRASTRUCTURES AND ELECTRIFIED VILLAGES 9 2.2.1 Objectives 9 2.2.2 Activities implemented 9 2.3 WP 3: STUDY OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES 9 2.3.1 Objectives 9 2.3.2 Activities implemented 9 2.4 WP 4: STUDY OF THE PROVINCIAL CONTEXT 11 2.4.1 Objectives 11 2.4.2 Activities implemented 11 2.5 WP 5: IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITY ZONES 12 2.5.1 Objectives 12 2.5.2 Activities implemented 12 2.5.2 Maps of the Priority Zones in each province 13 2.6 WP6: DETAILED STUDIES OF THE PRIORITY VILLAGES 15 2.6.1 Objectives 15 2.6.2 Activities implemented 15 2.7 WP 7: DEFINITION OF ELECTRIFICATION PROGRAMMES 17 2.7.1 Objectives 17 2.7.2 Activities implemented 17 2.8 WP 8: TRAINING IN BIOMASS AND SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES 21 2.8.1 Objectives 21 2.8.2 Activities implemented 21 2.9 WP 9: COMMUNICATION AND DISSEMINATION ACTIVITIES 22 2.9.1 Objectives 22 2.9.2 Activities implemented 22

3. ACTIVITIES AND IMPACT AFTER END OF RESIREA 25 3.1 OVERVIEW OF FUTURE ACTIVITIES 25 3.2 IMPACTS OF THE ACTION 25

4. SUCCESS STORIES 27 4.1 APPRECIATION OF THE PLANNING METHODOLOGY 27 4.2 FIRST ASSESSMENT OF BIOMASS OPTIONS AND POTENTIAL AT THE VILLAGE LEVEL 27 4.3 INVOLVMENT OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN THE FINANCING PACKAGE IN CAMBODIA AND VIETNAM 27

5 LESSONS LEARNT 28 5.1 MANAGEMENT 28 5.2 COMMUNICATION AND DISSEMINATION 28

6 CONCLUSION 29

7 CONTACTS of RESIREA 29



1. RESIREA IN BRIEF 1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE ACTION The objective of RESIREA was, within a close co-operation with local stakeholders, representatives of the provinces of Kampong Thom (Cambodia), Oudomxay (Laos) and Dak Nong (Vietnam), and governemental institutions, to achieve the following goals:

• Increase the rural development stakeholders awareness on renewable energies; • Reinforce local knowledge and capacities in the field of rural energy planning; • Disseminate the rural energy planning methodology at a local and regional scale; • Define sustainable large-scale Decentralized Rural Electrification (DRE) programmes,

with renewable energy and submit them to investors, funding agencies and local operators.

RESIREA website www.energies-renouvelables.org/resirea includes various documents on the project which can be downloaded. 1.2 THE CONSORTIUM The RESIREA project consortium consisted of three partners on the European side:

• The project leader, Fondation Energies pour le Monde, in France; • The Fraunhofer ISE in Germany; • The Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques (CRA-W) in Belgium.

On the Asian side, there were three local partners:

• In Cambodia, the Department of Energy Technique (DET) from the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy;

• In Laos, the Department of Electricity (DOE) from the Ministry of Energy and Mines; • In Vietnam, the association Centre for Renewable Energy and Rural Development

(RERD). These bodies complement the consortium with local expertise and strategic support. The collaborative work of the partners started during the development of the RESIREA proposal. Afterwards, the different parties were in continuous exchange and collaboration all along the whole project. 1.3 THE FINANCIAL PARTNERS The financing partners of RESIREA were:

- The European Commission within the frame of Coopener programme run by the European Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation;

- The French Agency for Environment and Energy Management (ADEME); - The French Electricty Agency (EDF); - The partners: Fondation Énergies pour le Monde, Fraunhofer ISE, CRA-W.

1.4 ACHIEVED ACTIONS PER WORK PACKAGE Concerning Work Package 1, the following activities have been achieved:

• A kick-off meeting to distribute information about the project; • Five project meetings, to review the progress of the project with partners; • Communication work throughout the duration of the action through meetings and calls; • Validation of the key decision phases with the local partners;



• Regular presentations of the results during workshops for an efficient transfer of knowledge.

Concerning Work Package 2, the following activities have been achieved:

• Inventory and analysis of electrification projects implemented in the 3 provinces; • Identification of strength and weaknesses for off-grid renewable energy electrification projects.

Concerning Work Package 3:

• Training in hydraulic technologies, with participants from the three countries; • Identification of hydro potential sites in Oudomxay and Dak Nong Provinces; • Pre-feasibility studies in two promising hydro potential sites of Oudomxay; • Analysis of the solar potential for the three provinces; • Identification of the biomass potential, with in-depth analysis of the agricultural residues

availability and land management at the local and provincial levels. Concerning Work Package 4:

• Collection of data at the provincial and district levels about the socio-economic, demographical, energetic and geographical contexts;

• Collection of Geographical Information System (GIS) data for each province and integration of the provincial databases in the GIS to map out the collected data.


• Analysis of data through a methodology of priorization by the NORIA software; • Selection of Priority Zones according to criteria validated by local partners; • Presentation of the Priority Zones and selection methodology to local stakeholders; • Validation of a final list of Priority Zones by local stakeholders.


• Accurate data collection in all villages selected in the Priority Zones by local consultants; • Scoring of the selected villages, for a future phasing of the investments; • Collection of information concerning payment capacity and energy demand for a sample of

households and non-domestic users in the target villages. Concerning Work Package 7:

• Statistical processing of data collected in households and villages surveys; • Elaboration of technical, organizational and financial modalities for 3 DRE programmes.


• Presentation of the renewable energy technologies during several workshops; • Organization of a training session for biomass and solar technologies, with participants

from Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. Concerning Work Package 9:

• Publication of a brochure and diffusion to international and Asian players; • Organisation of workshops and meetings to present the project progress to local authorities; • Organisation of meetings with private operators and investors for collaborating in the

elaboration of electrification programmes; • Organisation of three seminars in November 2009 to present the achievements of RESIREA

and the 3 provincial DRE programmes; • A RESIREA-devoted web site updated at each stage of the project; • Articles devoted to the RESIREA project published in the bulletin Scarabee in 2008 and in the

Fondation Info newsletter.



The Methodology NORIA: Fondation Énergies pour le Monde developed expert software known as Noria (which stands for new orientations for making suitable investments) to identify suitable villages, comprising: - A set of databases, to store and organise all the gathered data, primarily out in the field, by theme module; - Mapping software to overlay the collected data on one map, compare the selection criteria and mark out the feasibility zones for viable decentralised rural electrification programmes (DRE); - Computing software to define the technical, financial and organisational options to optimise the chosen DRE programme. The NORIA method led the development of the actions achieved under RESIREA to define large-scale electrification programmes, suitable to the local contexts and ensuring the required level of return on investments (see particularly actions undertaken from WP 2 to WP 7).

The NORIA Methodology in Laos

Base de données nationale/National

Database

Base de données provinciale/Provincial

Database

XayLAOS

Vientiane

Pakbeng

Houn

Beng

Nga

LaNamo

Oudomxay Xay

XayChomsen

Pheun Tangchali

Tangkok

ThountingSakhan

Phen

École PrimairePrimary School

École SecondaireSecundary School

BoutiquesShops

Chomka

Phen

Teum Taeung

Collecte de données auprès des acteurs nationaux et provinciaux/Collection of data from national and provincial stakeholders

Cartographie des informations et analyse croisée/Mapping and crossing analysis

Base de données nationale/Village

Databases

Intégration dans le Système d’Information Géographique

Integration into the GIS





Résultats des enquêtesusagers/Results

of households surveys

Modalités techniquesTechnical options

Modalités financièresFinancing package

Modalités opérationnelles

Operational scheme

Collecte des données détaillées sur l’ensemble des villages/Detailled study of the priority villages

Hiérarchisation des villages et validation par les autorités locales/Hierarchical organization of the villages

Enquête auprès d’un échantillon représentatif d’usagers potentiels/Surveys of representative samplers of potential users

Document de programme soumis à des bailleurs de fond et investisseurs potentielsAction plan proposed to private operators, investors, banks and financial institutions

Élaboration des modalités de réalisation et définition de programmes d’électrification rurale décentraliséeElaboration of the implementation options and definition of off-grid rural electrification programmes

Anné

e 3Ye

ar 3

Anné

e 2Ye

ar 2

Anné

e 1Ye

ar 1

Sélection de zones prioritaires et validation par les autorités locales/Selection of priority zones and validation by local authorities

I. ANALYSE DES CONTEXTES NATIONAUXET RÉGIONAUX/CONTEXT ANALYSIS

• institutionnel/institutional• fiscal/fiscal• réglementaire/regulation• douanier/customs• économique/economical• sociologique/sociological• politique/political• etc.

II. ANALYSE DES CONTEXTES COMMUNAUXVILLAGE CONTEXT ANALYSIS

• accessibilité/accessibility• densité/density• gisement énergétique/renewable

energy available• dynamisme local/local dynamism• etc.

III. ÉTUDE DE MARCHÉ/MARKET STUDY

• activités économiques/economic activities• demandes des usagers/user’s requests• capacités de paiement/ability to pay• compétences/capacities• besoins en énergie/energy demand• etc.



1.5 MAJOR RESULTS

• Approximately 300 players informed about RESIREA studies and outcomes; • An in-depth knowledge of the targeted provinces and of the priority villages, with the

completion of detailed databases, energy potential analysis and mapping; • Results of the studies disseminated at the local level; • Better awareness of local stakeholders in renewable energies opportunities; • Elaboration of 3 DRE programmess with technical, organisational and financial modalities; • Submission of these programmes to local stakeholders, investors and development players in

the frame of three seminars; • Preliminary contacts established with private operators and investors; • Actions of dissemination carried out in Europe and Asia.

1.6 LESSONS LEARNT A) Strong local policies promote renewables for DRE but there is few provincial planning.

Despite a strong will to reach ambitious objectives set by local governments for rural electrification, few off-grid renewable energy projects have been carried out so far, due to lack of planning and financing resources. Especially, planning is done at the level of national institutions in the Ministries, but is lacking at the provincial scale. RESIREA is thus interesting, as it provides provincial and district authorities with necessary tools for a sensible planning, to know where to start first, and in this way to contribute to reach the ambitious objectives of the governments. B) A regional approach is interesting but national specificities have to be considered.

One of the purposes of RESIREA programme was to foster cooperation between the three target countries. This was successfully achieved, with several international meetings and training sessions. However, the energy contexts of the three countries are quite different, in terms of policy, legal framework, electrification rate or private sector’s involvement. As a result, the three programmes defined by RESIREA in the provinces are dissimilar: technologies adopted, tariffs schedules, operational and financing schemes are specific and well-suited to the provincial specificities. C) Funding of such large‐scale projects requires the involvement of various players.

The implementation of large-scale renewable energy programmes implies high investments costs. To overcome this initial barrier, an innovative financing package is required, based on both public and private funds. A broad panel of financing sources, from carbon trade to international private investors, or venture philanthropy is required to find an appropriate package.



2. ACHIEVEMENTS OF RESIREA The achievements of RESIREA are presented within the frame of the various Work Packages of RESIREA activities:

2.1 WP 1: MANAGEMENT 2.1.1 Objective The management plan applied to RESIREA was dedicated to regular exchanges between European partners and local partners to coordinate the studies and prepare the organization of the programme. As leader of RESIREA project, the Fondation is leader of this work package. 2.1.2 Activities implemented

The activities of this Work Package have been implemented through 8 crucial meeting parts:

1. Project kick‐off meeting, Vientiane

The kick-off-meeting has been held on 29th of January 2007 in Vientiane, in the office of the Ministry of Energy and Mines to present the work programme and collect questions from everyone. Discussions precised the next phases of the programme. The meeting was constructive and all the participants declared to be ready to contribute to the project. In addition to the kick-off meeting, meetings with the provincial authorities have been organized in each province. Provincial decision-makers confirmed their will to collaborate to RESIREA. Meetings with potential operators and agencies active in the field of renewable energies and rural electrification have been arranged to communicate about RESIREA. In April 2007, a trip of the Fondation representative on site, made it possible to review the progress situation with the local partners, to inform the provincial authorities of the progress of RESIREA work programme, and to meet private consultants to launch the first phase of the studies. 2. Project Meeting 1, September 2007, Gembloux

The first project meeting gathered the three European partners on the 27th of September. The objectives of this meeting were to review the work progress of the programme and discuss of the methodology for WP3 activities. This meeting was constructive and clarified the schedule of the next period. In November 2007, the Fondation went in the three Asian countries. The objectives of this trip were to present the results of the studies carried out so far (WP2, WP3, WP4) to provincial authorities and plan with them the next actions to be undertaken in 2008. Discussions on the conditions of success of rural electrification projects have been held to define selection criteria of the most promising villages. 3. Meeting of the European Partners, January 2008, Paris

This meeting aimed to: - Present the results of the identification of hydro potential sites (WP3); - Present the results of the WP5 carried out by the Fondation and the methodology of selection; - Plan the organization of provincial workshops in Asia, to present the results of WP5 to

local partners and counterparts; - Define the strategy for the WP6 studies, and discuss about the terms of reference;



- Define the strategy for the assessment of biomass resources in the frame of WP3.

4. Project Meeting 2, March 2008, Asia

End of March 2008, the European partners went to Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam to hold decentralized projects meetings, in order to involve the provincial authorities in the discussions. These meetings were related to WP5. They aimed at gathering private operators, local authorities and decision makers from national, provincial and district levels and actors working in the field of rural electrification. It was also the opportunity to deeply present the methodology of RESIREA project, to present the technical solutions expected in each province and to create a dialogue between the local actors, in which everyone expressed its interest and expectations in the frame of RESIREA.

5. Meeting, July 2008, Freiburg

Gathering the European partners of RESIREA, the meeting aimed to present and discuss the results of the first phase of the detailed studies of the selected villages (WP6), prepare the strategy for the biomass investigation to be carried out by CRA-W (WP3) and discuss the methodology for the definition of the electrification programmes (WP7). This meeting was constructive and made it possible to clarify the schedule of the second half of the action.

6. Project Meeting 3, December 2008, Freiburg

Gathering the European partners, the meeting aimed to present the results of the second phase of the WP6 studies (energy demand and ability to pay electricity) and discuss about the technical sizing methods to be used in WP7. The partners also prepared the next project meeting, to be held in Asia, with the organization of workshops in the three countries.

7. Project Meeting 4, January 2009, Asia

National workshops were organized early 2009 in the targeted countries. The European partners went to Asia to hold these workshops, work with local partners to launch RESIREA last phase. The workshops were held in the frame of WP7.

8. Project Meeting 5, November 2009, Asia

Three final seminars were organized in November 2009. At this time, the European partners went to Asia to hold these seminars and to finalize the work with local partners.



2.2 WP 2: INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS OF DRE

INFRASTRUCTURES AND ELECTRIFIED VILLAGES 2.2.1 Objectives The objectives of WP 2 were to:

- Obtain a clear identification of both favorable factors and barriers related to the viable operation of DRE infrastructures;

- Identify the villages that are electrified by the power grid or by decentralized options. Fraunhofer ISE was the leader of this Work Package, and was in charge of the elaboration of the Terms of References for this study, which have been submitted to the other partners for validation. 2.2.2 Activities implemented Local partners were responsible for the elaboration of an exhaustive list of existing DRE infrastructures in the provinces. For this purpose, they carried out investigations by contacting the project managers of these existing DRE projects and the National and Provincial Rural Electrification authorities. This involvement of local stakeholders let them know from the beginning the purpose of the study and its role in the global methodology of the project. For each province, the main collected data are:

- A description of the market for rural electrification, with an analysis of the provincial policies and the planned DRE programmes;

- A description of DRE projects implemented in the province; - A description of the context of rural electrification through grid extension; - A list of existing studies for DRE in provincial and national context.

Considering existing rural electrification projects (through grid extension or decentralized options), a sample of projects have been deeply analyzed to provide technical data, and information about the modes of operation, financing modalities, and impacts on the socio-economic context. The reasons for the failures and successes of projects have also been analyzed. In the frame of the WP2, the consultants have included the translation of RESIREA brochure in national language.

2.3 WP 3: STUDY OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY

RESOURCES 2.3.1 Objectives The objective of the Work Package 3 was to obtain for each province an identification and analysis of the solar, biomass and hydraulic potentials. The leader of this Work Package is the CRA-W. 2.3.2 Activities implemented The activities of this Work Package have been implemented within a 3-part process:

PART 1: HYDRO POTENTIAL



• Micro‐hydro training session From the 23rd to the 25th of May 2007, the Fondation organized a training session about hydro measurement methods, to evaluate the flow and head of a site and to calculate the energy producible. The French consultant SERT has been selected for ensuring the training. The training was held in Oudomxay and gathered 14 participants from Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos. Further to this training, the participants were able to evaluate the flow rate and the head of a micro-hydro potential site for measuring the producible hydropower. • Preliminary identification of hydro potential sites Local partners were charged of carrying out researches with ministries and meteorological services to get a preliminary identification of sites with hydroelectric potential for rural electrification. These studies confirmed hydraulic potential sites in the two provinces in Laos and Vietnam, but not in Cambodia, which is too flat to present an hydro potential.

These sites have been selected by analyzing topographic maps and then by focusing on sites that were on a river with a large catchment area and a high head, close to surrounding villages, accessible and not included in grid extension plans. Further to this identification in Laos, detailed investigations have been carried out by the Lao partner to assess the quality and sustainability of the sites. Because of new electrification plans, 4 sites have been excluded from the selection. Only two sites have been kept in Houn and Xay districts.

Gauge at hydro site, Houn district, Laos In Dak Nong, all the identified hydro potential sites were located close to the national grid, and consequently, far from the targeted population (rural households excluded from grid extensions). If implemented, these projects would be connected to the national grid. Since the objective of RESIREA is to define Decentralized Rural Electrification projects, hydro-power plants were not suitable to supply energy to the targeted households. • Pre‐feasibility study for the 2 hydro potential sites in Oudomxay In order to confirm the pertinence of these two sites, a study, performed by a local consultant, was launch to collect field data for each hydro site (topography, geology, hydrology) and propose a prefeasibility analysis. This survey includes a confirmation of the potential, an analysis of the geographical configuration of the site and of the surrounding villages, and a technical layout for the implementation of the hydro power projects, with a cost estimation.

PART 2: SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL

The Fraunhofer Institute has carried out researches to assess the solar potential in each province, and collected meteorological data to evaluate the daily irradiation and evolution during the year. This task showed that the three provinces present an interesting potential for solar technologies.

PART 3: BIOMASS POTENTIAL

Taking advantage of WP6 field survey, data on areas used for main crops and unused lands were collected in each village. Moreover, information about the agricultural context, the availability of agricultural residues have also been recorded.

Prepared for FONDEM – RESIREA WP6 (Phase III)

Page 5 of 6

flow measurements (e.g. by salt dilution method) were conducted to establish a rating curve at the gauging station.

Figure 3: Gauge at new location

During the site visit, a discharge of 1.0 m3/s was estimated with the flow-area method. Usually April is the month with the lowest discharge, and it can be assumed that a discharge of some 0.8 m3/s constitutes the minimum available flow.

Since the MHP will be operated in off-grid mode and should be able to provide a 24h power supply during the whole year, the minimum flow should be taken as the design discharge.

Several alternative locations for the intake and powerhouse were identified. Table 1 presents the salient features of each of the alternatives:

Below table 2 shows the salient features of the Konlang MhP:

Table 2: Salient technical features

Description Gross Head

Length of headrace canal

Length of penstock

Site ratio

Design discharge

El. Power Output

Layout Option 1

6.2 m No headrace 1280 m 0.48% 0.8m3/s 30 kW

Whereby the so-called site ratio is defined as

Gross head/ (Length of headrace canal + length of penstock)

The site ratio gives a clear indication on the attractiveness of a potential MHP site. International experience has shown that a site ratio of at least 10% is required for micro-hydropower plant sites to be technically and economically feasible. The less slope there is available at a site, the larger the penstock diameter and headrace structure have to be designed. With such a low site ratio as found at the Konlang site (only 0.48%), the penstock and headrace diameters would need to be very large to minimize the hydraulic losses in the system, which would apparently increase the construction costs to such high levels that the project will not be financially viable in comparison with alternative sources of energy.

Another criterion to judge the attractiveness of the site is the length of transmission line to the load center. As per international experience, a site is likely to be attractive if the length of



Further to the analysis of the results, the CRA-W organized a second field-trip in a selection of villages in Oudomxay and Kampong Thom to collect additional information about land use, agronomical context, soil quality, and juridical context about bio-energy and land use. This second survey led to the estimation of the biomass potential for each priority village. These two field surveys allowed identifying the villages, where the context was possibly suitable for implementing rural electrification project based on biomass options (biomass gasification and biofuel). It was observed that the biofuel option, based on vegetal oil or biodiesel production, was not suitable for small-scale electrification in the target villages. Indeed, there is a lack of crucial data regarding crop yields (like jatropha) in the specific environment of the villages. Up-to now, this technology remains at the stage of applied-research and the feedbacks are not sufficient to embark on a large-scale project.

Agricultural residues that are currently thrown away could be used as a sustainable supply of biomass.

2.4 WP 4: STUDY OF THE PROVINCIAL CONTEXT 2.4.1 Objectives The objectives of the study of this Work Package 4 were to:

• Collect mapping data; • Collect organizational, socio-economic and political data of the province; • Map the economic activity zones and the areas with economic difficulties.

The Fondation was the leader of this Work Package. 2.4.2 Activities implemented The activities of this Work Package have been implemented within a 2-stage process:

1. Elaborate the GIS layers and cartography of the targeted provinces.

The objective was to get the GIS cartography of the administrative divisions, villages, land use, roads, rivers, and finally electricity grids. 2. Collect data about the provincial context.

The objective was to get a detailed provincial database, focused on the following topics: - A complete description of the geographical, political and environmental context (population,

growth rate, accessibility, environmental and political risks, etc.), - A list of the community infrastructures (schools, health centers, etc.), - A description of the rural and economic development (economic activities, types of agriculture,

level of development, markets, development programmes), - A list of the operators in the field of electricity in the province.

For this purpose, the Fondation elaborated questionnaires and supported the local partners, who were in charge of the fulfillment of these enquiries. RESIREA’s local partners worked with province and districts authorities, NGO’s, ministries, economic actors to collect the required data.

Comm

ent?

35

How?

LA GAZÉIFICATION DE LA BIOMASSEUtiliser la biomasse solide comme sourced’énergie permet de valoriser les résidusagricoles et les plantations énergétiquesdans les villages et peut constituer un revenu supplémentaire pour les agriculteurs. Le gazogène, qui dispose d’une durée de vie d’une dizained’années, nécessite un entretien important. Les retours d’expérience deprojets faisant appel à cette technologiemenés dans différents pays d’Asie ontrévélé l’exigence d’une bonne formationdu personnel et la nécessité d’une bonnegestion de l’approvisionnement en biomasse.

Les résidus agricoles jetés actuellement peuventêtre vendus par les agriculteurs à l’exploitant :c’est une source de revenus complémentaires intéressante et cela permet de pérenniser l’approvisionnement en biomasse.

Générateuradapté

Adapted engine

FiltresFilters

GazGas

PyrolysePyrolysis

CombustionCombustion

RéductionReduction

ÉlectricitéElectricity

AirAir

AirAir

CendresAshes

Circuit de refroidissement et de nettoyage

Cooling and cleaning stream

Réseau de distributionLocal distribution grid

Fonctionnement de secours/Back-up running

Fonctionnement normal/Normal running

Groupe électrogène de secours

Back-up diesel gen set

Biomasse solideSolid biomass

Bois d’anacardier/Cashew woodBalles de riz/Rice husks

BIOMASS GASIFICATIONUsing solid biomass as an energy source reclaimsfarming waste and energy plantations in the villages and can provide farmers with additionalincome. Gasifiers, which have a service life ofabout ten years, require heavy servicing. Feedbackfrom projects in a number of Asian countries harnessing this technology indicates the requirement for well-trained personnel andthe need for proper biomass supply management.

Opposite: Agricultural residues that are currentlythrown away could be sold by the farmers to the operator: this is an additional source of income and this ensure a sustainable supply of biomass.

Roma

in Cr

ehay

Principe du fonctionnement d’une centrale de gazéification de la biomasse, pour la production d’électricitéSchematic diagram of a biomass gasification system, for electricity production

Fond

atio

n Éne

rgie

s pou

r le M

onde



2.5 WP 5: IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITY ZONES

2.5.1 Objectives The objective of the Work Package 5 was to obtain priority zones of the electrification programme. The Fondation was the leader of this Work Package. 2.5.2 Activities implemented The activities of this Work Package have been implemented within a 2-stage process:

1. Selection of Priority Zones

The results of WP4 provincial studies have been integrated in the Fondation’s GIS and mapped. This phase of RESIREA programme consisted in using the results of the WP2 and WP4 to identify the villages with the most favorable context for DRE projects through renewable energies. In November 2007, the Fondation has traveled in each targeted province, to increase the awareness of provincial and national authorities about the conditions of success of DRE projects, namely that selected villages should not be among the poorest and smallest: they should be accessible, economically vibrant with an easy access to basic social services. The RESIREA methodology, which aims at targeting the villages that meet the criteria required for setting up technically and financially sustainable programmes, was explained and understood by local stakeholders.

A participative and dialogue approach has led to the selection of the villages and the appropriate design of the programme.

Further to these discussions, criteria of selection have been determined and made it possible to carry out a multi-sectorial crossed-analysis, based on NORIA software, to identify the villages, which meet these conditions. Priority zones have then been identified by defining clusters of promising villages.

2. Presentation of the results and validation of the Priority Zones

The results of the selection process have been first debated during a meeting held in Paris, in January 2008, gathering Fraunhofer ISE, CRA-W and the Fondation. Then, provincial workshops have been organized in Kampong Thom and Oudomxay, to present the methodology and results to private operators and local authorities. The objectives of the workshops were to:

- Present the results of the studies carried out so far, - Recall the methodology of RESIREA programme and present the methodology of selection

of the priority zones,

Où?

16

Whe

re?

LA SÉLECTION DES VILLAGESÀ ÉLECTRIFIER

L’identification des villages les plus favorables Pour faire avancer véritablement l’électrification rurale au Cambodge et répondre aux besoins du pays, un changement d’échelle s’impose.

Après l’électrification ponctuelle d’un village ou d’infrastructures communautaires, il est à présent indispensable de développer des projetsd’ampleur régionale. Mais par quelleszones commencer ? Il est nécessaired’identifier les groupes de villages lesplus favorables pour proposer des projetsrentables, les plus pérennes techniquement et financièrement, tout en impliquant les décideurs régionaux et les acteurs locaux. Objectif : limiter les risques

et maximiser la viabilité pour convaincreles bailleurs, les investisseurs et les opérateurs privés de s’engager dans ce nouveau secteur d’activité.

LES CARACTÉRISTIQUES DES VILLAGES RETENUS POUR LE PROGRAMME

z 1 000 habitants en moyennez Situés en moyenne à 65 km du réseau électrique z Ensoleillement de 5 kWh/m2.jourz Accessibles toute l’annéez Économiquement dynamiquesz Cohésion sociale et stabilité politique assurée

Selecting which villages to electrify

Identifying the most promising villages

A change of scale is required if real progress is to be made on rural electrification in Cambodia to meet the country’s requirements. It is now essential to develop region-wide projects in thewake of the electrification of single villages or community infrastructures. But the question is which zones should come first?

The villages that are most likely to create profitableprojects, stand the test of time on both the technicaland financial levels, and also involve regional decision-makers and local actors must be identified.The goal is to limit risks and maximise viability to persuade funders, investors and private operatorsto commit themselves to this new activity sector.

THE FEATURES OF THE VILLAGES SELECTED FOR THE PROGRAMMEz Mean population: 1 000 z Average distance from the closest power grid:

65 kmz Sunshine: 5 kWh/m2 per day z Accessible all year round z Economically vibrantz Social cohesion and political stability guaranteed

La sélection des villages et le montage du programme ont fait l’objet d’un processusparticipatif et de concertations avec les acteurslocaux.

Above: A participative and dialogue approachhas led to the selection of the villages and the appropriate design of the programme.

Next page: The in-depth survey of each target village has allowed to collect all necessary data to design sustainable and adapted projects.

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LA SÉLECTION DES VILLAGESÀ ÉLECTRIFIER

L’identification des villages les plus favorables Pour faire avancer véritablement l’électrification rurale au Cambodge et répondre aux besoins du pays, un changement d’échelle s’impose.

Après l’électrification ponctuelle d’un village ou d’infrastructures communautaires, il est à présent indispensable de développer des projetsd’ampleur régionale. Mais par quelleszones commencer ? Il est nécessaired’identifier les groupes de villages lesplus favorables pour proposer des projetsrentables, les plus pérennes techniquement et financièrement, tout en impliquant les décideurs régionaux et les acteurs locaux. Objectif : limiter les risques

et maximiser la viabilité pour convaincreles bailleurs, les investisseurs et les opérateurs privés de s’engager dans ce nouveau secteur d’activité.

LES CARACTÉRISTIQUES DES VILLAGES RETENUS POUR LE PROGRAMME

z 1 000 habitants en moyennez Situés en moyenne à 65 km du réseau électrique z Ensoleillement de 5 kWh/m2.jourz Accessibles toute l’annéez Économiquement dynamiquesz Cohésion sociale et stabilité politique assurée

Selecting which villages to electrify

Identifying the most promising villages

A change of scale is required if real progress is to be made on rural electrification in Cambodia to meet the country’s requirements. It is now essential to develop region-wide projects in thewake of the electrification of single villages or community infrastructures. But the question is which zones should come first?

The villages that are most likely to create profitableprojects, stand the test of time on both the technicaland financial levels, and also involve regional decision-makers and local actors must be identified.The goal is to limit risks and maximise viability to persuade funders, investors and private operatorsto commit themselves to this new activity sector.

THE FEATURES OF THE VILLAGES SELECTED FOR THE PROGRAMMEz Mean population: 1 000 z Average distance from the closest power grid:

65 kmz Sunshine: 5 kWh/m2 per day z Accessible all year round z Economically vibrantz Social cohesion and political stability guaranteed

La sélection des villages et le montage du programme ont fait l’objet d’un processusparticipatif et de concertations avec les acteurslocaux.

Above: A participative and dialogue approachhas led to the selection of the villages and the appropriate design of the programme.

Next page: The in-depth survey of each target village has allowed to collect all necessary data to design sustainable and adapted projects.

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- Propose the selected zones to private operators and provincial actors, - Validate the zones in dialogue with local actors and score them into a hierarchical scheme.

These workshops have offered, for the first time, the opportunity to bring together all the actors concerned by RESIREA project, to create a place of concertation and discussions. They aimed to conciliate interests of private operators, who might take part in the future implementation and operation of the projects, with local development strategies of the provincial and districts authorities. 23 villages, divided up in 3 priority zones, are selected in Oudomxay province (Laos), and 27 villages, divided up in 3 priority zones in Kampong Thom province (Cambodia). Specific case of Vietnam Considering Vietnam, the national electricity grid is so developed that it wasn’t possible to identify priority zones with the same methodology as in Laos and Cambodia. 95% of the population is already connected to the grid. Thus, priority zones have been defined by considering the communes in Dak Nong province, which present the least electrification rate. A provincial meeting was held in March 2008 in Dak Nong main city, gathering the representatives of the selected communes. They provided data about the villages, where households are neither electrified nor planned to be electrified within 2010. These households are generally scattered in the fields, very far away from the commune main town, and difficult to access. Thus, the selection process of RESIREA in Dak Nong focused on these groups of households. The list of selected sites has been submitted to the local authorities (People’s Committee) and provincial Department in charge of energy for validation and priorization.

2.5.2 Maps of the Priority Zones in each province CAMBODIA Kampong Thom Province Districts of: Prasat Sambour, Sandan, Prasat Balangk



LAOS Oudomxay Province Districts of: Xay Houn (South and North)

VIETNAM Dak Nong Province Localisation of Targeted communes:



2.6 WP6: Detailed studies of the priority villages 2.6.1 Objectives Further to the validation of the selected villages, the WP6 was launched in April 2008. The objective was to implement detailed studies of the selected villages. These studies included first the elaboration of a village database, compiling general information about each village and secondly detailed surveys of representative users to analyze the energy demand and ability to pay. The Fondation was the leader of this Work Package.

2.6.2 Activities implemented The activities of this Work Package have been implemented within a 2-stage process:

PHASE 1: Village database

The data collected in the village database described the demographic, geographic, socio-demographic, economic and energy contexts. An inventory of non-domestic users (social and community infrastructures, economic activities generating income) has also been achieved in the frame of the study. Maps have been drawn for each village.

Map of Chleu Teal Village, in Sandan district, Cambodia

The village databases were finalized in July 2008. All results are available upon request. These data were used to score each village and to make a priorization of the selected villages based on the following criteria: accessibility, level of economic dynamism, good social dynamism, easy access to social services. Further to this analysis, all the villages in Kampong Thom were kept in the selection, but two villages in Oudomxay were removed, because presenting a too risky context for rural electrification.



At this time, it was observed that the priority villages of Oudomxay were less accessible and dynamic than expected. Indeed, since grid extensions in Laos are spreading quickly, the remaining villages out of reach of the grid are far from the main roads and less developed. Unlike Laos, Cambodian priority villages are mostly commune chief-towns, easily accessible and economically vibrant.

PHASE 2: Analysis of the energy demand

The second phase of WP6 studies has been completed from August to November 2008. The purpose was to analyze the energy demand patterns in the selected villages, with the following topics:

- Traditional energy uses, - Monthly budget allocated to energy expenses, that can be substituted by electricity, - Demand of electricity services, - Ability and willingness to pay electricity.

A sample of representative users (domestic and non-domestic users) has been surveyed. The sampling has been carried out in collaboration with local authorities, first by identifying representative villages in each priority zone, and then by identifying representative users within these villages. In December 2008, the results of the surveys have been statistically analyzed. The energy demand of the targeted population has been segmented into 3 to 4 levels of energy services, defined by type of electrical appliances and duration of use per day. These services have been defined to fit, as far as possible, the demand expressed by the population and the ability to pay of the population.

Daily load curve in Katangya village, in Houn district, Laos

Tariffs schedule, proposed for Kampong Thom, Cambodia

These results have then be used for the definition and sizing of the technical options in each village.



Specific case of Vietnam

Considering the specific context of the targeted households in Dak Nong, specific terms of reference have been designed for the collection of data about the targeted population. The data mainly concern the location of the households from the village centre, their energy demand and ability to pay electricity.

2.7 WP 7: DEFINITION OF ELECTRIFICATION PROGRAMMES

2.7.1 Objectives The objective of this WP7 was to define the technical, organizational and financial schemes for the sustainable electrification of the priority villages in Oudomxay, Kampong Thom and Dak Nong, based on data collected during previous studies. The Fondation was leader of this work package. 2.7.2 Activities implemented The activities of this Work Package have been implemented within a 2-stage process:

STAGE 1: National workshops

With the support of local partners in Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam, three workshops have been held in January and February 2009 to launch WP7. At this stage of the project, all the field data have been collected. It was important to gather all actors who could be interested in RESIREA next stages to:

‐ Present the results of the surveys carried out so far, ‐ Provide all clarifications and explanations about the methodology of RESIREA project, ‐ Start the last phase of RESIREA project, which is the elaboration of electrification projects,

with dialogue to design adapted and suitable electrification projects in the targeted villages. During the workshops, the methodology for the design of the electrification programmes has been presented to the participants. The comments and recommendations of the participants have been noted to be used to define projects adapted to the local framework. Phnom Penh workshop counted 51 participants. Vientiane workshop counted 34 participants and Dak Nong workshop 28 participants, from government, national institutions and authorities, province and district representatives, NGOs, private sector, energy actors and financing agencies.

STAGE 2: Design of the technical, operational and financial aspects of the large‐scale DRE programmes

Methodology Further to the collection of data in the frame of previous WP, the Fondation has used NORIA tool to define the technical, operational and financial aspects of the three provincial-scale programmes.



Selection criteria for the technical options, NORIA Methodology

After dimensioning step, selection of the least cost option for Tangchali village, in Xay district, Laos

During this step, the Fondation was regularly in touch with the European partners, mainly for technical questions, and with local partners to let them know step by step the preliminary results. Especially, the questions of tariffs schedules and operational scheme have been discussed with the local partners. In Cambodia, due to the complex institutional framework for rural electrification, an additional study was carried out to define a suitable operational model for the large-scale programme to be defined in Kampong Thom province. The local company CKN has been contracted to draft several suitable organizational schemes, and discuss them in workshops with private entrepreneurs and local authorities. The report is available upon request. The outcome of this design is three project documents. The 3 documents have the same structure and can be independently submitted to investors or operators. The main elements are:

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LES TECHNOLOGIES RENOUVELABLES RETENUES

Le choix des options techniquesLes informations sur les ressourcesd’énergie disponibles, les besoins locaux en électricité et la configuration géographique des villages ont été croisées pour évaluer les solutions techniques à mettre en place.

Toutes les options techniques envisageables ont été étudiées et dimensionnées. Le dimensionnementdes équipements de production permetde satisfaire la demande en énergie du village pendant 20 ans.

Les critères de choix des options techniquesSelection criteria for the technical options

DES COLLECTES D’INFORMATIONS TRÈS PRÉCISES

De nombreuses enquêtes ont été menées sur le terrain auprès de ménagesreprésentatifs pour déterminer leurs capacités de paiement et leurs besoins enélectricité. Des informations ont aussi été collectées auprès des infrastructuressociales et des acteurs économiques. L’ensemble des plans des villages a étérelevé. Les projets d’électrification rurale déjà menés dans la province ontégalement été analysés afin de bénéficier de ces retours d’expérience.

Gisements énergétiquesdisponiblesRenewable

energies available

Configurationgéographique

de l’habitatGeographical configuration

of the dwellings

Demande en électricitéElectricity demand

Dimensionnement des solutions techniques envisageablesDimensioning possible technical options

Comparaison technico-économique des solutions possibles et choix de l’option la mieux adaptée pour chaque village

Technical and economical comparison of the possible options and selection of the most suitable solution in each village

THE RENEWABLES TECHNOLOGIES ADOPTED

The choice of technical options

The data on available energy resources, localelectricity needs and geographical configurationof the villages was cross-tabulated to weigh upthe technical solutions.

All conceivable technical options were examinedand dimensioned. The target for production equipment design was set to meet the energy demand of villages for 20 years.

Highly accurate data collectionMany field surveys were conducted interviewing representative households to determine their payment capacities and electricity needs. Data was also gathered from social infrastructures and economic players. All the village layouts were surveyed. The existing rural electrification projects in the province were also analysed to gather feedback.

La connaissance de la répartition des habitationsdans chaque village est essentielle pour le choix d’options techniques adaptées. Des photos et des plans ont été obtenus pour chaque village retenu.

Above: The knowledge of the dwellings configuration in each village is crucial for the selection of suitable technical options. Photos and maps have been obtained in each selected village.



1. Synthesis Synthesis of the three Programmes have been drafted and can be downloaded on the website.

2. Context analysis - International context and link between energy and development; - National context, specially about rural electrification and renewable energy potential; - Provincial context (demography, activities, incomes, accessibility, etc...); - Methodology of selection of the priority areas and detailed studies of the priority villages.

3. Energy offer to be set up

- Technical details (demand analysis, design of appropriate photovoltaic / hydraulic / biomass technology, capacity to install, etc.);

- Organizational details (maintenance actions, payment modalities, etc.).

The operating and maintenance model, proposed for the target locations in Oudomxay province, Laos.

4. Financial parameters (Business Plan and Financial Package): - Elaboration of tariff schedules adapted to the population payment capacities; - Analysis of investment, operation and maintenance costs of the different electrical

infrastructures; - Analysis of cash flow generated by the project and its profitability;



- Elaboration of a business plan; - Proposition of a financial package, including subsidies and private investments needed to

ensure profitability; - Analysis of risks.

Revenues and expenses trends over 10 years, Cambodia, Programme

Proposed financing package for the Global Cambodia Programme

4. Expected impacts and means to assure them (social engineering)

- Anticipation of impacts on poverty, gender and socio-economic development; - Awareness raising concerning complexity of social issues; - Definition of prerequisites regarding capacity building and information distribution; - Proposition of monitoring and follow up mechanism as well as methods of impact analysis.

Expected impacts,

Laos programme

The three programmes, called “Green Electricity…” summaries are presented in the following table:



Overview of the Green Electricity programmes of RESIREA

Green electricity for 35 000 rural villagers of Oudomxay

Green electricity for 100 000 rural villagers of

Kampong Thom

Green electricity for 1 800 families

of Dak Nong Nber of villages: 30 27 26 Nber of beneficiaries: 35 000 100 000 12 000

Nber of domestic customers: 2 600 4 500 1 800

Nber of social infrastructures: 54 93 0

Nber of economic activities: 96 336 0

Rural elect. rate in the target areas before and after the Programme:

9% before 22% after

3% before 17% after -

Solar Home Systems, for 6 villages (16 kWp)

Solar plants for 6 villages (118 kWp)

Solar plants for 8 villages (61 kWp)

Technologies adopted and capacity installed 2 hydro power plants

supplying 16 villages (105 kW)

Biomass gasification plants, for 21 villages

(410 kW)

4 types of solar home systems,

from 50 Wp to 600 Wp

Investment cost: 2 550 000 € 5 000 000 $ 1 200 000 €

Tariff rate: 0.3 €/kWh, which excludes depreciation costs 0.8 $/kWh, all included

- Users purchase

equipments Number of tonnes of CO2 avoided: 5 000 over 20 years 8 000 over 10 years Approx 2 000 over

20 years

Synthesis of RESIREA large‐scale electrification planning programmes

2.8 WP 8: TRAINING IN BIOMASS AND SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES

2.8.1 Objectives The purpose of this work package was to heighten the awareness and capacities of local stakeholders in photovoltaic and biomass technologies. The Fraunhofer Institute was the leader of this Work Package. 2.8.2 Activities implemented The activities of this Work Package have been implemented within a 2-part process:

PART 1: Specific presentations during workshops

Through technical presentations given during all workshops held during the action, the participants (private operators, energy actors, national institutions and provincial authorities) have been introduced to biomass and solar technologies, with a presentation of the pros and cons from technical, organizational and economical points of view and the comparison of these renewable technologies with conventional electrification options, as grid extension and diesel generators.



Moreover, during the workshops in January 2009, some operators managing electrification projects with biomass gasification, hydro and solar technologies were invited to present their experience with these options. All presentations are available on RESIREA website. These presentations enhanced local capacities by the exchange of experiences and competences. Many questions from the participants were discussed, especially about biomass gasification.

PART 2: Training session for solar and biomass technologies

At the initiative of the Fraunhofer Institute, a training session has been organized in November 2009. Its purpose was to heighten the awareness of the national and provincial decision-makers in biomass and solar technologies. For this purpose, the training was organized in Battambang province, in Cambodia, where a pilot biomass-gasification project has been successfully implemented. The idea was to invite Lao, Cambodian and Vietnamese participants to see such project in operation and meet the local operator to share experience. 10 participants attended this session. The training last two days with the following agenda:

- Overview of solar photovoltaic and biomass technologies; - Methodology and guidelines for sizing solar and biomass systems; - Guidelines for a suitable operation of solar systems and biomass gasification units; - Presentation of the technology and operational model implemented in the pilot project; - Visit of the biomass gasification pilot project and questions session with the local operator.

2.9 WP 9: COMMUNICATION AND DISSEMINATION ACTIVITIES

2.9.1 Objectives The objective of WP9 was to ensure that RESIREA project is promoted to all the actors concerned by rural electrification, renewable energies and poverty alleviation in Europe and in developing countries. 2.9.2 Activities implemented The following actions have been undertaken:

- The website has been created and regularly updated with latest events and reports.

- An article devoted to RESIREA has been published in the Fondation’s publication, Scarabée.

- An article was submitted to the European Commission for the Energy Intelligent Review n°4 in October 2008 but was not published.

- RESIREA brochure was disseminated during workshops to a wide range of participants.

- Local press was present at the opening of all workshops.

- 6 posters presenting a mapping of the main results (technologies adopted, investments, etc.)

have been displayed during the final seminars.

- Updates of RESIREA progress have been disseminated through articles published in the Fondation Info newsletter of the Fondation.



Scarabee publication

Resirea Website

Poster on Xay district , Laos

Finally, three final seminars have been held in Asia in November 2009, in Dak Nong, in Phnom Penh and in Vientiane. 44 participants attended the Lao seminar, 18 participants for the Vietnamese seminar and 94 for the Cambodian seminar, from the following fields: - International stakeholders in the field of energy or financing agencies (GTZ, ADB, KFW), - Private operators from each country, - Provincial and district authorities, - Representatives of governmental institutions (Ministries in charge of Energy and their respective

departments, regulation insititutions, Rural Electrification Funds), - Engineering and consultants offices, - Suppliers and constructors of electrical infrastructure based on renewable energies, - Associations and NGOs involved in rural development.

Seminar in Phnom Pehn, Cambodia

Seminar in Vientiane, Laos

Seminar in Gia Nghia City, Vietnam

Bulletin du réseau Scarabée, novembre 2008

2

Lancé en 2007,RESIREA est unprogrammedepla-

nification d’électrifi-cation ruraledécentra-

lisé (ERD) d’une duréede trois ans. Il vise à défi-

nir des programmes d’ERDd’envergure, basés sur les éner-

gies renouvelables, dans trois pro-vinces d’Asie du Sud-Est : Oudomxay auLaos, Kampong Thom au Cambodge et DakNong auVietnam. Un an avant la fin du pro-jet RESIREA, un état des lieux s’impose !Les données sur le contexte énergétique,socio-économique, démographique et surles gisements énergétiques renouvela-bles, collectées en 2007 à l’échelle pro-vinciale, ont permis d’identifier les villagesles plus favorables à la réussite de projetsd’ERD. La sélection repose sur la métho-dologie Noria, un outil d’aide à la planifi-cation basé sur l’utilisation d’un systèmed’information géographique (SIG) et d’uneanalyse par croisement de critères. Les 75villages les plus dynamiques ont ainsi étéretenus pour favoriser une utilisationdiversifiée de l’électricité.Au cours d’ateliers menés en avril 2008, laliste finale de villages regroupés dans deszones d’intérêt prioritaires (ZIP), intégrant

les priorités de développement des auto-rités provinciales, a été validée en concer-tation avec les acteurs locaux. Des étudesdétaillées ont ensuite été lancées danschaque village prioritaire, avec la réalisa-tion de bases de données villageoisespour appréhender les contextes locaux,puis des enquêtes sur la demande en élec-tricité et les capacités de paiement de lapopulation.La finalisation de ces études fin 2008 per-met de lancer la phase d’élaboration desprogrammes d’ERD d’envergure danschaque province, comprenant :la sélection et le dimensionnement desoptions techniques ;la proposition de schémas d’exploitationadaptés aux contextes locaux ;l’estimation des coûts d’investissement,d’exploitation et des revenus ;l’analyse économique et la propositiond’un montage financier assurant la péren-nité économique des projets.Les programmes d’électrification serontconçus en concertation avec les acteursimpliqués, puis soumis à des bailleurs defonds, investisseurs et opérateurs privéslors d’un séminaire final, prévu en no-vembre 2009. !

DR

Houn

Beng

Xay

Namo La

Nga

Pakbeng

Dans le cadre du programme RESIREA, 75 villages ont été sélectionnés auLaos, Cambodge et Vietnam pour lancer des programmes d’électrificationrurale d’envergure.

Pays du Mékong: 75 villages retenuspour un programme d’électrification

75 villages retenus dans trois provinces

Pays LAOS CAMBODGE VIETNAM

Province cible de RESIREA Oudomxay Kampong Thom Dak Nong

Zones d'intérêt prioritaires 1- District de Xay

2- District de Houn : zone Sud

3- District de Houn : zone Nord

1- District de Prasat Sambour

2- District Prasat Balangk

3- District de Sandan

7 communes

Nombre de villages retenusau sein des ZIP (75)

22 27 26

Population cible(43 000 personnes)

1 450 familles soit10 000 personnes

4 885 familles soit25 000 personnes

1 400 familles soit environ8 000 personnes

Carte des villages sélectionnés dansla province de Oudomxay

Villages retenus



In the three seminars, the agenda was quite similar, with a presentation of RESIREA project and achieved results, and a focus on the methodology used during the implementation of the studies. Then the Programmes “Green Electricity” were presented, with an outlook of the adopted technologies, of the economical analysis results, of the financing package proposed and the expected impacts on poverty alleviation. During the seminars, questions and suggestions have been encouraged and many reactions from the participants have led to fruitful debates. The “Green electricity” programmes were approved by the participants, who appreciated the high quality of the work done as well as the participatory approach since the project’s start. Private operators expressed their interest for some sites, especially in Cambodia, where they are all confronted with the rise of the oil price and difficulties to run diesel generators. The question of tariff-schedule was namely discussed, with suggestions from local participants that tariffs should be lower than those suggested in the Programmes. It was explained by the Fondation and the National Institutions that sufficient tariff schedules are the guarantee for a sustainable long-term operation of the electricity infrastructures and that the tariff proposed were in accordance with local abilities to pay electricity, namely electricity bills would be reduced after electrification, compared to candles, batteries, etc. This was accepted by local participants. The Programmes have been endorsed by representatives of the Ministries in charge of energy, who promised their full support for their future implementation. It was agreed that workshops or meeting with less participants would be required in 2010 to continue the discussions with local actors, especially regarding the operational scheme with the detailed roles and responsibilities of each actor involved, the tariff schedules and the financing package.



3. ACTIVITIES AND IMPACT AFTER END OF

RESIREA

3.1 Overview of future activities

• An agreement between the Fondation and the local partners will be signed in 2010, enabling a common search for funds to implement the 3 programmes.

• The Fondation has developped a “marketing brochure” for Laos and Cambodia programme and will distribute it among potential investors.

• Workshops will be held in the three countries to continue the discussions among operators, local authorities and potential investors.

3.2 Impacts of the action

Short term:

• Increased awareness and knowledge on renewable energies among local stakeholders in charge of development and provincial institutions.

Medium and long term:

• The access to electricity for more than 83 rural villages will have a significant impact on the rural electrification rate of these areas;

• This, in turn, will allow the improvement of educational and sanitary infrastructures and will increase possibilities for economic activities;

• The Laos, Cambodian and Vietnamese energy sector as a whole (including suppliers and operators of electrical infrastructures) will develop significantly.

The following table summarises the major impacts of RESIREA and performance indicators.

Performance indicator Quantification of success Support for rural electrification policy using renewable energies

Implication of the local partners at each step of the methodology of DRE planning. Three large-scale programme elaborated in dialogue with local authorities, private operators and decision-makers.

Increase in exchanges between the EU and Asia

Dissemination of the brochure and web-site Involvement of French consultants and EU partners in technical training sessions

Determination of the DRE situation in each province

Inventory and analysis of all rural electrification projects in each province to identify the strength, opportunities and threats for the development of renewable energies. Reports available at local level and on the website.

Supply of information on the exploitation possibilities of hydroelectric potentials to national and provincial decision makers

Hydro training session for provincial actors Identification of hydro potential sites by local partners. Pre-feasibility studies in the identified sites of Oudomxay All reports sent to local authorities and available on the website

Supply of information to national and provincial decision makers on the biomass potential

Presentation of biomass technologies during each workshop Detailed assessment of the biomass potential at the provincial and village level - One report given to local partners and disseminated with the website

Transfer of competences and methodology applied by the project

Local partners are monitoring the project and ensuring good communication about tasks and methodology with local actors. RESIREA methodology recalled during all workshops and meetings

Identification of zones of priority interest in 3 levels so that local operators can hierarchically organize development and investment plan

Selection methodology and results presented to local actors during workshops. Further to detailed studies of the targeted villages, they have been organized into a hierarchy. This scoring process could be use to the investments.



Performance indicator Quantification of success

Implication of local firms on this market, with the consequence of generating a new economic activity in the province,

Local private operators and energy devices suppliers have been met and the collaboration possibilities have been discussed. Some of these companies have a consulting branch office, which has been contracted for the completion of RESIREA studies.

Making bankable and sustainable renewable energy electrification programmes available to both regional and international investors and backers

3 large scale DRE Programmes have been presented during final seminars to more than 155 participants and project documents have been delivered to local decision makers and potential operators. They are uploaded on RESIREA website. Several meetings in Europe and in Asia have also led to a pre-identification of potential investors.

Positive contribution to the fight against greehouse effect by the decrease in CO2 gases.

The three provincial programmes designed by RESIREA are based on clean renewable energies. Their implementation could avoid approximately 15 000 tones of CO2.

Development of a market for renewable energy services

The Programmes will appeal to local and international suppliers and installers. Local private companies will be involved in the operation.

Proposal of large-scale DRE programmes: access for customers to reliable, high quality electricity, accompanied by local community level maintenance service and, as a result of this, an improvement in the quality of life

The 3 Programmes are based on innovative financing schemes, which ensure financial sustainability, and robust technologies, for long-term operation. The operational scheme proposed is well-suited to each context, for a better appropriation. Totally, the Programmes target more than 145 000 beneficiaires including domestic, social infrastructures and economic activities, who will benefit from a cheaper, more reliable electricity.

Attractiveness of the defined programmes

The financial packages proposed in the Programmes associate public and private funds to ensure the investment’s profitability meanwhile the billing system is affordable for the population. Local operators will get significant return on investments.

Impacts of the RESIREA Programme



4. SUCCESS STORIES

4.1 Appreciation of the planning methodology During the final seminars of RESIREA in Cambodia and Laos, several participants praised the quality of the methodology and the positive impacts of such planning project for their country. They requested new planning studies like RESIREA in other provinces and mentioned that efforts should be continued to attract financing agencies to fund the “Green electricity” Programmes.

4.2 First assessment of biomass options and potential at the village level

For the first time in Laos and Cambodia, an in-depth analysis of the biomass potential has been done. To do this, a scientific approach designed by the CRA-W and the Fondation has led to the setting-up of a methodology to identify villages, where off-grid biomass systems could be suitable. The main steps of the biomass potential assessment have been identified and fulfilled in RESIREA. Additionally, a pilot gasification unit has been installed with the support of the Fondation in one of the priority villages of Kampong Thom province in Cambodia. The return of experience of this project has fed the elaboration of the Programmes in the frame of RESIREA, in terms of required data to collect, sizing calculations and costs assessment for the biomass option.

4.3 Involvment of local authorities in the financing package in Cambodia and Vietnam

During the final seminar of RESIREA in Vietnam, local authorities, namely People’s Committee mentioned that the provincial government agreed to fund 50% of the initial investment of the Programme.

In Cambodia, the Ministry’s representatives informed that the Government of Cambodia would take part in the financing package by exonerating import taxes and VAT on the renewable energy equipments. This is in line with the national strategy, which very recently endorsed a decree reducing import taxes for such equipments.



5 LESSONS LEARNT

5.1 Management

It is due to good understanding and collaboration between the main project partners (FONDATION, Fraunhofer Institute, CRA-W and local partners in Asia) that a high-performance consortium has be established. The project coordinator had a strong interest to follow RESIREA detailed work programme defined in the proposal and endeavour to adapt it to local practical situation, based on local partners’ concerns and interests. Generally the project was geared to a participative approach aiming to include all affected groups in information distribution and decision-making. But this goal had to be balanced with effectiveness and pragmatism, taking into consideration the language barrier with local and especially provincial stakeholders. The challenge was always to find a comprehensible solution among the main project partners and to make it as transparent as possible so the final decision will be commonly accepted. During the project it became more and more obvious that the provincial and national representatives were key contact persons. They gathered local power of decision and were close to those who will have to promote the “Green electricity” Programmes in the future. It was however not always easy to communicate, due to the language barrier. Thus, provincial representatives were invited to every meeting considered as decisive for the future of the project.

5.2 Communication and dissemination RESIREA information have been disseminated widely, by the use of ‘modern’ and more conventional’ means. The national and provincial workshops were very helpful to distribute information, get an insight in local needs and expectancies. They were well adapted to the field conditions. The brochure was highly appreciated by local partners. International experts in the field of rural electrification and renewable energies as well as stakeholders from Asia were the target groups of the project-devoted web site, as well as the articles published in the bulletin Scarabee, both under the responsibility of the Fondation. Articles have been also published in the Fondation’s newsletter, called ‘Fondation Info’, to give update of the project progress to donors contributing to the activities of the Fondation.



6 CONCLUSION The RESIREA project has been carried out under very favorable conditions and in a very good collaboration between European and Asian partners. The proposed provincial rural electrification programmes using renewable energies were highly appreciated by local decision makers, private operators and local funding agencies. Investors from Europe have also been approached. The project shows clearly that even if potential and needs are existent as well as financial means might be accessible, there is still a great lack when it comes to concrete plans, giving quantitative and detailed information to start an electrification programme. RESIREA meets this constraint, by providing highly accurate and village-scale data, which is very rare in the target countries. The studies and investigation made in RESIREA during 3 years represent a fundamental, preliminary work for the implementation of large-scale rural electrification programmes and dissemination of renewable energies technologies. The work achieved will be continued in 2010 with discussions and agreements with local actors and financing institutions for the implementation of the three provincial Programmes, targeting 83 villages.

7 CONTACTS OF RESIREA

European Participant Fondation Énergies pour le Monde Fraunhofer Institute Centre Wallon de Recherches

Agronomiques

Part. short name FONDATION F.ISE CRA-W

Address of participant

146, rue de l'Université Paris

FRANCE

Heidenhofstrasse 2 79110 FREIBURG

GERMANY

Departement Génie Rural Chaussé de Namur, 146

B- 5030 GEMBLOUX BELGIQUE

Family name, first name

MAIGNE Yves

ORTIZ Brisa

CREHAY Romain

Tel. n° 33 1 44 18 00 80 49 761 45 88 52 83 32 81 627 153

Fax n° 33 1 44 18 00 36 49 761 45 88 92 17 32 81 615 847

E.mail [email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

Asian Participant

Center for Renewable Energy and Rural Development –

Vietnam

Department of Energy Technique – Cambodia

Department of Electricity- Laos

Part. short name RERD DET DOE

Address of participant

81/19 Ho Van Hue St. – Ward 9 – Phu Nhuan District

Ho Chi Minh City VIETNAM

Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy

# 47, Preah Norodom Blvd. PHNOM PENH

CAMBODIA

Ministry of Energy Department of Electricity

Rural Electrification Division Nong Bone Road, PO BOX 5313

VIENTIANE, LAO PDR Family name,

first name TO

Le Hoang TOCH

Sovanna PHONGSAVATH Anousak

Tel. n° 848 84 78 470 855 11 959 699 856 20 55 09 714

Fax n° 848 99 74 709 855 23 990 602 856 21 41 57 14

E.mail [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

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