residence time: an overlooked constraint on community assembly and structure ken locey jay lennon
TRANSCRIPT
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- Residence time: An overlooked constraint on community assembly and structure Ken Locey Jay Lennon
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- Shifting Dimensions: Temporal Ecology for the Next 100 Years and Beyond From the ESA website: A field of temporal ecology has yet to emerge. divergent vocabularies producing different terms for similar concepts a compelling need to develop temporal ecology. unique aspects of time that can underpin the framework for temporal ecology.
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- Spatial Ecology is highly-developed compared to Temporal Ecology SpatialTemporal Pattern: Species-area Distance-Decay Species-time Process: Dispersal Growth, Foraging Theory: Biogeography Metacommunity Life History Optimal foraging Dimensions: 3 1 Constraint: Distance, Area, Volume Time Ecological unit: Geographic range ? (sub)Discipline: Biogeography, Spatial Ecology, landscape ecology Temporal Ecology (lacking foundations)
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- Accumulation of species Species-time relationshipSpecies-are relationship White et al. (2010). Understanding species richness patterns is a fundamental problem in ecology. The major focus as been on spatial gradients, with a smaller emphasis on temporal dynamics.
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- Dispersal Almost always referred to as dispersal across space Often modeled as instantaneous individual movement Dispersal limitation and barriers are usually spatial
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- Species geographic range Species-time relationshipSpecies-are relationship White et al. (2010). Understanding species richness patterns is a fundamental problem in ecology. The major focus as been on spatial gradients, with a smaller emphasis on temporal dynamics.
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- Physical ecosystem constraints Volume Area Time Flow
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- Chemostat Theory: Predicting resource and time limited growth
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- Average time a particle spends in the system Residence time ( ) Dilution rate ( ) portion of the system replaced per unit time
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- Residence time ( ): primary physical constraint in chemostat theory
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- Residence time ( ) An important constraint in bioreactors
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- Residence time ( ) Important in many systems under volumetric flow http://www.epa.gov/gmpo/images/targeted- areas-neps-sm.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/ 4/44/Hemimysis_anomala_GLERL_2.jpg
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- Residence time ( ) *Primary predictions = mean cell residence time = specific growth rate *Fine print: For a system at equilibrium. Includes assumptions that are simplifying for anything but ideal chemostats.
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- Questions How should the predictions fail as the assumptions are violated? In absence of failure, what else can we predict from and ?
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- HydroBIDE Chemostat Theory + Individual-based Modeling
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- Tighten the bolts: Models act like ideal chemostats Includes: maintenance cost and species differences Mean cell residence time Residence time (V/F)
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- Loosening the bolts: Immigration dampens growth rate? Includes: maintenance cost and species differences & immigration Residence time (V/F)
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- How should influence abundance and diversity? Residence time (V/F)
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- How should influence abundance and diversity? Including and excluding immigration produce the same general result
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- Residence time ( in general theory A fun paradox matters in ecosystems is primary to chemostat theory Chemostat theory modified for many specific systems But, basic chemostat theory not seen as a simplifying theory for biodiversity Yet, many general theories are oversimplified