Researching your presentation

Vocabulary- Define these words

Audience Analysis - ParaphrasingInterlibrary Loan - Ghost writerDatabase - PlagiarismOnlineCard CatalogAuthor CardTitle CardSubject CardTable Of ContentsIndex

Your research planSuccessful speeches require supporting

information.That requires research!Where do you start?

LibraryInternetExpert

LibraryCard catalog

Online or paper-basedThree kinds of cards

Author card Title card Subject card

LibraryInformation in books

Table of contents Outlines the book for you.

Index Tells you exactly where to find the information in

the book.

LibraryPeriodicals

Journals, magazines, newspapersAsk librarian to help you find a database.Articles are a good source.Make sure they are reputable periodicals.

LibraryAlmanacs

A lot of random information.Atlases

Maps and graphic information.Use for visual presentation.

BiographiesEncyclopediasQuotation collections

InternetGoogling your subject is a good way to start.Remember anyone can publish anything on

the Internet.Make sure you go to a reputable site.

Cnn.com, Chron.com, NYTimes.com

ExpertCan save time.Give you more refined information.Can suggest the best sources.Can give you great quotes.

What to do with your researchTake notes

Record more than you think is necessary. It is much harder to go back and get more info.

Organize them into specific categories.Write on note cards.Make sure to note where you go the

information.

Taking Notes1. Many different reasons to take notes

Taking notes forces you to listen carefully and test your understanding

When reviewing, notes tell you what is important

Personal notes are usually easier to remember than the text

Writing down of important information helps you to remember the information

Taking Notes (continued) Instructors usually give clues to what is

important: Material written on a board or on a PowerPointRepetitionEmphasis

Tone of voice or gestures Amount of time instructor spends on something

Word signals (There are TWO points of view… The THIRD reason…)

Summaries at end of classReviews at beginning of class

Taking NotesDevelop your own way to take notes:

Make notes brief Use a phrase (or short word) instead of a full sentence Use abbreviations or symbols, but be consistent

Put notes in your own words (easier for you to understand later) Put these in exact words: Formulas, Definitions,

Specific Facts. Outline form/Numbering system (Helps

distinguish from major and minor points) If you miss a section, write key words, skip a few

spaces and get the information laterLeave room for coordinating your notes with the

text Leave room for Key Terms and definitions

Date your notes. Number the pages

No notes at all= 59% retention

Fragmented Notes= 59%

If you take notes, review, and revise= 90-100%

If you organize your ideas and synthesize the information through frequent review, you retain much more information.

Note Taking & Retention

Objective QuestionKeep it Flexible!

1. Record.  record in the main column as many meaningful facts and ideas as you can.

 2. Reduce.  As soon after as possible, summarize  these ideas and facts concisely in the Recall Column.

 3. Recite. 4. Reflect. 5. Review. If you will spend 10 minutes

every week or so in a quick review of these notes, you will retain most of what you have learned.

The 5 R’s= Studying Success

What to do with your researchQuoting material

Plagiarism Copying or imitation the language, ideas or

thoughts of another and passing them off as your original work.

Paraphrasing Rewording an original passage

Still have to attribute the information to the person or place you got the information.

AttributionTell where you got your information.

According to the Web site Cnn.com…Author James Patterson said…

THIS IS A MUST OR IT IS CONSIDERED PLAGARISM!!!!!

Organizing your speech

Vocabulary- Define! Introduction - SubordinationQuotation - Main HeadingNarrative - Supporting MaterialsLink - TransitionThesis Statement - Chronological PatternPreview Statement - Climactic PatternBody - Spatial PatternOutline - Cause-Effect PatternPurpose Statement - Problem Solving Pattern

The IntroductionThis is how you start your speech.Does four things

Gets the audience’s attention.Provides a clear link from your attention-getter to your

speech topic.Gives your specific thesis statement.Presents a preview of the major areas that will be

discussed.

The IntroductionDO NOT start your speech by saying. “Hi. I’m

going to tell you about…”You DO start your speech with an attention

getter.The first words out of your mouth grab the

audiences attention.There are 5 of them…you only use one.

The Introduction – attention gettersAsking question

Best and easiest to use“How many of you know who Theodore Geisel

is?”Making a reference

Refer to specific people in the audience, your physical surroundings, etc…

“I think this classroom needs a little something. Don’t you. Why don’t we try to liven it up a little.”

The Introduction – attention gettersMake a startling statement

Jolts your audience into paying attention.“You have brains in your head. You have feet in

your shoes. You can steer yourselfany direction you choose.You're on your own. And you know what you know. And YOU are the guy who'll decide where to go.”

The Introduction – attention gettersGiving a quotation

When you repeat the exact words someone else said, it gives you credibility.

Dr. Seuss once said, “I like nonsense, it wakes up the brain cells. Fantasy is a necessary ingredient in living, It's a way of looking at life through the wrong end of a telescope. Which is what I do, And that enables you to laugh at life's realities.”

The Introduction – attention gettersTelling a story

A narrative or anecdote. “I don’t think there has ever been a Christmas

when I haven’t stopped what I was doing to watch “How the Grinch Stole Christmas.” That is my favorite movie, and although the new one with Jim Carrey is good, there will never be one like the original.”

The IntroductionThesis statement

Tells the audience exactly what you will be speaking about. It clarifies the overall goal of the speech.

“Today, I will inform you about…”“My goal is to explain…”I would like to share with you…”

The IntroductionPreview Statement

One sentence at the end of the introduction that gives the audience an overview of the subtopics you will be discussing in the body of the speech.

“Dr. Seuss is a brilliant man because of his political views, his writing and his art.”

Introduction assignment

Attention Getter5 types:

Asking a question Making a reference Startling Statement Quote Story/Anecdote

LinkThesis StatementPreview Statement

The BodyIt is written in an outline form.

An outline is the speaker’s road map.You do not write everything you are saying in

your speech.You don’t write in complete sentences.

The Body (outline) Has at least three subtopics with

supporting material and details.I. Subtopic #1

A. Supporting material1. Detail2. DetailB. Supporting material1. Detail2. Detail

The Body (outline) Subtopics

Match the items listed in your preview statement. “Dr. Seuss is a brilliant man because of his political views, his writing and

his art.”

Most important things you will be taking about. Shown with Roman numerals

I. Political viewsII. His writingIII. His art

The Body (outline) Supporting material

Information you have gathered to reinforce the subtopics.

Shown with uppercase alphabet

I. His political viewsA. Political cartoonistB. His books

The Body )outline) Details

Provide information that breaks down the subtopic even more

One step deeper into the information.I. His political views

A. Political cartoonist1. Called attention to the early days of the Holocaust2. Denounced discrimination of Jews and African Americans.

B. His books1. “The Sneeches” was a book about racial equality.2. “The Lorax” was about environmentalism and anti-

consumerism.

The ConclusionThe way to signify the speech is finished.

Restate your preview statement. Remind the audience of your subtopics.

Summarize – repeat your thesisLeave a lasting impression. This should relate

back to your attention getter.

The ConclusionI have told you about Dr. Suess’ political

views, his writing and his art. I hope that you have learned a little more about Theodore Geisel…the man we call Dr. Seuss. And as the great man once said, “Don’t cry because it’s over. Smile because it happened.”

Effective Language

Vocabulary- DefineConcrete Words - HyperboleAbstract Words -

UnderstatementDenotation - PersonificationConnotation - EuphemismImagery - RepetitionMetaphor - AlliterationSimile - AssonanceAllusion - ConsonanceAntithesis - ParallelismOxymoron - JargonIrony - Slang

Spoken vs. Written WordsConcrete- baseball, radio.Abstract- sports, car, transportation, entertainment.

Denotation- basic definition.Connotation- mother (love, family)

Economy of Language- Simple and to the point.

Word Pictures, Figures of SpeechComparison imagery- Marriage is

like a plant. The more you water (or work at it), the more it grows.

Metaphors NO like, as) and Similes (like, as)

Allusion-well known person, place or thing. (friend acting MJ)

Contrast imagery- “Ask not what your country can do for you: Ask what you can do for your country.” -JFK

Word Pictures cont…..Antithesis- young or old, rich or poorOxymoron- Dry ice!!!Irony- Going bad---Tremendous day!Exaggeration imagery Hyperbole- Laughed my head off!Understatement- MJ can jump a little.Personification- Sweet spot of the

racket.

Making music with words. Alliteration- Wavy waves whacked the

ship!Assonance- may, able, make—long

vowel sounds.Consonance- I love to leap in the air

and land in the lake– consonants!

Parallel Structure- of the people, by the people and for the people!

Language to AvoidJargon- Doctor talk, Lawyer talk!

Slang- “What up cuz!””Swag”

Sexist Language- Housewives vs. Homemaker!

Shocking or Obscene Language- “Hello morons!” ---- cuss words!

Chapter 14

Effective Delivery

VocabularyDeliveryManuscript MethodMemorized MethodExtemporaneous MethodImpromptu MethodVocalized PausePhonationOral Cavity

Types of DeliveryManuscript Method- Word for word!

Memorized Method- No notes/ paper.

Extemporaneous Method- OUTLINE!!We will be using this one most of the

time!!!!

Impromptu Method- Not rehearsed. Off the cuff!

Using your VoiceUse your power source baby!!!!Oral cavity, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx,

trachea, right and left bronchus, lungs, alveoli, bronchiole and diaphragm.

Rate- Speed—120 to 180 words per minute.

Pitch-highs and lowsVolume- loudness or softnessArticulation- crispness of syllables!Pronunciation- saying words correctly.

Using Your BodyPlatform Movement- moving with

purpose for the audience!Gestures- natural!!!1. Gesture Zone—TV Box2. “Lift and Lay” your hands- flyaway,

judo-chop and penguin wave!3. “String” Idea- body moves together!

Using Your FaceThe Eyes- Look at each person. Don’t

stare down. Look at the sides and front to back. Look at people, not things.

Audience feedback- they will tell you everything.

Overall Delivery- voice, body and face!