researcher’sprofessionalattitude and...

Researcher’s professional attitude and responsibilityand responsibilityPartim Ethics and qualityI Halleux isabelle halleux@ulg ac beI. Halleux, [email protected]

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

Objectives of the seminaryObjectives of the seminary• Make the young researchers aware of ethics and quality in research and know about what

are the characteristics of research at the universityare the characteristics of research at the university• Learn and exchange about the individual and collective responsibilities in the academic

environment• Think about the daily work and ad hoc behavior of the researcher for developing aThink about the daily work and ad hoc behavior of the researcher for developing a

professional and responsible attitude• Learn about the structures, rules, tools and resources for attending training or having

references or help in case of needTraining system:The seminary is based on examples and activities. The participants’ finding are exchanged andhelp to integrate the concepts. All kind of questions and comments are welcome.Tricks and tips are given for going further, depending of the participants’ need.In this file, the findings and comments from the last seminary are given in blue.In black is the information prepared for the slide presentation.

At the beginning of the seminary, the young researchers are requested to presentthemselves and to give their expectations. Expectations are written on the blackboardin order to keep it in mind. If expectations can not possible to meet, it has to be said(i.e. if the participant choose a wrong training session) Re@WBC,19/04/2016

The story of a promising researcherThe story of a promising researcher…

小保方晴子小保方晴子

Haruko ObokataHaruko Obokata

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

HARUKO OBOKATAHARUKO OBOKATABiologist

Stem cells specialistJapanJapan

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

« The story » of Haruko Obokata« The story » of Haruko ObokataDate Parcours

1983 Born in Japan

2011 PhD thesis (Univ Waseda + 2 years in Harvard2011 PhD thesis (Univ. Waseda + 2 years in HarvardMedecine School)

2013 Lab Manager at Riken2013 Lab Manager at Riken

1/2014 Publication in Nature STAP cells4/6/2014 A question of image4/6/2014 A question of image

5/8/2014 Her Director’s point of view (Yoshiki Sasai)

12/2014 Reproductibility of the results

11/2015 Ms Obokata/A ggod analysis of her story : The Guardian, 2/2015

Re@WB,19/04/2016

Do you know thatRe@WBC,19/04/2016

Do you know that…

Are you confident in the researchers for telling the truth about their results and theconsequences of their works

Energy

Stem cells

Climate change

Neurosciences

Nanotechnologies

Nuclear

(Source : Monde de la Recherche, 2011)

Nuclear

MGO

Formations transversales, Axe 5 ‐ 19/11/2015

AndAnd…

92 %92 % of the French are confident in the researchersfor explaining the scientific challenges and for participating in the public debatesfor participating in the public debates

They expect from them to be engaged …

(Source : Monde de la Recherche, 2011)

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

HoweverHowever…

85%85% of 2600 NIH researchersof 2600 NIH researchers

say that they still observedand report on bad practices

(Source : Koocher G & al Nature 2010)(Source : Koocher G & al., Nature, 2010)

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

Peers nip misconduct in the bud, Koocher G. and Keit‐Spiegel P.Nature, 466 : 438‐440, 2010

Read the article ! They say that‐ 37% of the problems were not analysed‐ 50% of the problems were solved by discussing with the protagonists

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

AndAnd …

33%33% of 8000 researchers recognise their misconduct,at least once in they career :‐ 28% of the young researchersy g‐ 38% of experienced researchers

Source : Scientists behaving badly, Martinson C., Anderson M., de Vries R., Nature, 435 : 718‐719, 2005)

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

It is a real problem?Why ?

Probably because of pressure for producing results, publishing, find financialsupport, develop the lab, have a good career

(Read : All about today’s hyper competition for research grants 2014)

How to avoid misconduct?

(Read : All about today s hyper competition for research grants, 2014)

How to avoid misconduct?Participants will work together to answer the question

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

The participants are requested to enunciateThe participants are requested to enunciatewhat they are doing/ have to do (their tasks)

using verbs of action

What’s your job? y jWhat are you doing?

h i d f ?What is expected from you?

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

I’m doing : Answers (2015 i )I m doing … : Answers (2015 seminary)

NB : 15 participants from all sectors, all PhD students, 1st ‐> 4thyear of PhD

FindInnovation

ResultsFind

Originality

ResultsInterpret

Productivity

Criticize

Analyse

C i tIntegrity

Fast experience

Rigor Solution Publish

Communicate

Publish or Perish

Motivation Attitude at work

Performance

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

I’m doing : Groups of answersI m doing …: Groups of answersCriticize Motivation

1 2 3

Originality

Results

SolutionFind

Analyse

Interpret

Rigor

IntégrityFast experience

Originality

Innovation

AnalysePublish

C iPublish or Perish

Work Attitude

Performance

Intégrity

Communicate Productivity

Comments:We can make 3 groups of answers :We can make 3 groups of answers :1. Verbs ‐most of them are related to intellectual activities2. Results – innovation and « new things » are at the heart of the PhD3. Personal qualities ‐ related to personal efficiency or performance3. Personal qualities related to personal efficiency or performanceNobody spoke about:‐ Measurement, Data, Field work , Bibiography‐ Rules and regulationg‐ Collaboration, team work, meeting with the supervisorThey it was mostly spoken about the finality, not about the process

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

On the basis of the previous comments, participantsOn the basis of the previous comments, participantsare requested to speak about the competences

that are necessary for doing the job

Wh t d h t d ?What do you have to do ?What is expected from you?What is expected from you?(in terms of competences)

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

Competences : AnswersCompetences : AnswersReflection Know‐how

Autonomy

PatienceTeaching (assistants)

Know‐know Imagination VersatilityAutonomy Know know Imagination Versatility

Comments :Most of the competences are also related to intellectual and knowledge abilities. Patience, versatility, autonomy, creativity are linked to personal efficiency.

Some other competences are needed that are linked to relation, management, communication, exchange of knowledge and practices, use of tools, etc.

The next slide presents the Vitae Researcher Developement Framework (RDF). It’s a reference at the EU level. The 4 quarters are explained. In Red are what is absolutely necessary for developing a researcher’sCareer (independent leader) Re@WBC,19/04/2016

8/3/2016 Re@WBC,19/04/2016

Let’s come back to the question ofLet s come back to the question of the professional and responsible attitude.

Wh t d h t d ?What do you have to do ?What is expected from you?What is expected from you?(in tems of behavior/conduct)

NB : ‐ Another seminary is focalised on the professional attitude in general.‐ Read also the European Charter and Code

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

Professinal conduct : AnswersProfessinal conduct : Answers

Initiative

Collaborate Honesty

Credibility

ReliabilitySerious

Ponctuality Humility

Integrity

InitiativeCredibility(resultsand acts)

Ponctuality

Assiduity

Humility

IntegrationIn the teamMethod

C t

Responsability Respect

Comments :We have here different types of answers, related to behavior, organisation, morals. What I am, my values, and what the others are, what are their values.What the other think about me seems also to be importantWhat the other think about me seems also to be important.The attitude has to be « professional ».Ethics and Integrity are mandatory.The research has to be done with qualityThe research has to be done with quality

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

Ethics : Moral principlesEthics : Moral principlesand personal positionning

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

Integrity is part of EthicsIntegrity is part of Ethics

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

Quality is a processfor doing good research

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

The two aspects of ethics:The two aspects of ethics:

• Ethics of the being of researcher– Individual and collective values, inducing the , gpersonal behavior

– Culture and education are importantCulture and education are important

• Ethics of doing research– Rules and practices related to the discipline– Know about the rules– Know about the committees

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

Differences amongst sectors?Differences amongst sectors?In small multidisciplinary groups, exchange on ethics in your sector and your research.

Comments:‐ In each discipline/sector, rules and regulations exist.

Discuss on specificities, differences, similarities

In each discipline/sector, rules and regulations exist. ‐ The European Ethical Check‐list is to be filled with projects :

‐ humans (individuals, embryos, cells),‐ Animal useAnimal use‐ Individual and personal data‐ Work with developing countries

And :‐ Safety and enviroment protection‐ Dual use‐ Misuse of results

‐ Difficulties can arise due to collaborative research, pressure for results and publication, values, international research, etc.

‐ One common difficulty comes from a lack of knowledge/misuse of y gthe interpretation tools (i.e. statistics)

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

Academic IntegrityAcademic IntegrityThe image shows what is expectedWe are really in the frameworkof morals.

An attempt is to list what is notacceptable rather than to listvalues or behaviorvalues or behavior.

(Source : QUT – lien)

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

Misconduct listMisconduct list(Source : Conseil à l’Ethique et à l’Intégrité Scientifique, CEIS, ULg)

• Knowledge acquisition• Collaboration and publication• Financial support acquisition• Financial support acquisition• Scientific expertise

(Source : Conseil à l’Ethique et à l’Intégrité Scientifique, CEIS, http://www.ulg.ac.be/CEIS) ( q g q , , p // g / )

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

Misconduct listMisconduct list

K l d i ti• Knowledge acquistion:– Invent results

l f f d f l– Falsification of data or of results– Pressure for falsification

f i d– Refuse to give access to raw data• Collaboration and publication:

– Data copy or hacking– Sabotage– Publication, co‐authorship– Wrong citations

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

Misconduct listMisconduct list

• Financial support acquisition– Conflict of interest– Freedom of research restriction + IPEthical incompatibilities– Ethical incompatibilities

– Biased research

• Scientific expertise– Conflict of interest

The list is long and not exhaustiveWe generally forget those onesConflict of interest

– ConfidentialityF l i i f j bli i– False critics of projects, publication

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

All cheaters ? Surely not !All cheaters ? Surely not !

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

Thus ignorance is not excusable!

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

Quality in researchQuality in research

A working process that give guarantee of qualityby providing good management evidences:by providing good management evidences:

– Working plan with Gantt chartT k f h i fl i– Track of the experiences, measures, reflexions, reading, thinking evolution (HS)

– Exchange and discussions– Professional Analysisy– Production (results, publication)

Re@WB,19/04/2016

Do you have tools ? YES!Do you have tools ? YES!

• Rules and regulation: see CEISS i li d T i i (i i i hi l l i )• Specialised Training (i.e. . statistics, ethical regulation)

• Soft skills training (ethics, prof. attitude, project management)l h l• Dialogue, help services

• Lab book, reports

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

Who can help me?Who can help me?

• Me (I can evolve ‐ remember the RDF)

• My supervisor (the 1e line help)• My colleagues (research unit, peers, PhD association)

• My thesis committee, the doctoral college, theMy thesis committee, the doctoral college, the doctoral council

• The administration and the confidence persons• The administration and the confidence persons(Student and Research offices, HR Office, Law Office)

• The Council for Ethics and ScientificThe Council for Ethics and ScientificIntegrity

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

For going further (@ULg)For going further (@ULg) …Ethi f R h P j t• Ethics for Research Projects :– Experiments on humans : [email protected], [email protected]– Use of animals : [email protected]– Human and Social Sciences : [email protected]– Others : CEIS : [email protected]

• Procedure in case of misconduct:Procedure in case of misconduct:– CEIS: http://www.ulg.ac.be/CEIS

• Belgian code of ethics for research• European code of conduct for research integrity• Annual Ethics Day à l’ULg (>3/2016)

I t ti l Offi• International Offices:– Office or Research Integrity– Science‐Europe WG on Research Integrityp g y

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

Back to the expectationsBack to the expectations

• Before closing the session, it is important to check if somequestions or expectations have not been discussed. Additi l i f ti i t b i if d d• Additional information is to be given if needed.

• An evaluation form is to be filled

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

R h ’Researcher’sProfessional

& ResponsibleAttitudeAttitude

Isabelle HalleuxRe@WBC, 19/04/2016

Researcher’s Professional & Responsible AttitudeResearcher s Professional & Responsible Attitude

Hello !

Please make small groups of 4‐5 persons

And mix :‐ Girls and boys‐ Sectors (Human Sciences, ExactSectors (Human Sciences, Exact Sciences, Health Sciences)

‐ Experience‐ Origin/Institutiong /

Re@WBC,19/04/2016


Professional attitude = Adopt the expected behaviour and attitude in a

Responsibility = Be accountable in all

expected behaviour and attitude in a given situation

Responsibility = Be accountable in all circumstances, including consequencesest le

Think and Act adequately, according to the context and the environment

Re@WBC,19/04/2016


Think and Act adequately, according to th t t d th i t

Group exercise :

the context and the environment

Exchange about your context and environment of work

Context is what is related to your‐self as a person, as a researcherContext is what is related to your self as a person, as a researcherEnvironment is what isrelated to your working conditions (material or relations)

One of you will report about the finding and diversity of the groupy p g y g p

Re@WBC,19/04/2016


Think and Act adequately, according to th t t d th i t

List verbs related to your researcher’s activity. Use action verbs !


y y

Re@WBC,19/04/2016


The University of Liege developed a HR strategy for researchers It relies on thestrategy for researchers. It relies on the European Charter and Code whichdescribes the role, responsibilities and rntitlements of researchers The HR isrntitlements of researchers. The HR ispublished on the website: http://www.ulg.ac.be/hr‐strategy

ULg is acknowledged for developing thisprocess and is awarded the « HR Excellence in Research » logo by the EU. g yIt is of added‐value for the researchersand for the institution

Think and act adequately, according to the context and the environment

Re@WBC,19/04/2016


Think and act adequately, according to th t t d th i t

Group exercise :


Cards are given which represent professional attitudes. Blank cards can be filled for adding specific attitudes.

Put the cards on the relevant sectors and sub‐sectors of the Vitae ResearcherDevelopment Framework.

Discuss about your choices. You will present your findings to the other groups

Re@WBC,19/04/2016

Re@WBC,19/04/2016


Tasks, for actionTasks, for action

What do I do?

Personal supportHow

do show

?References,

for analysing practices

Personal supportfor the behaviour Resources

ToolsResources

Toolsdo I do ito

I have to

t? Wha

tdo

Planning and agenda

When do I do it?

for efficiency and organisationRe@WBC,19/04/2016


Ressources Toolbox

Tasks , for action Supervisor, Peers Roadmap

References, for analysingpractices

Supervisor, ThesisCommittee, Peers, …

Lab book,trainingsp , ,

Planning and Agenda, forEfficiency and organisation

Supervisor, Doctoral College

Roadmap, Training onproject management

P l t f th S i P D t l tiPersonal support, for the behaviour

Supervisor, PeersCommittee (doctorate, ethics, faculty), Confidence person

Documents, regulation, soft skills trainings, Organised support

Confidence person

Re@WBC,19/04/2016


References for going further …Ulg and faculty webpages : http://www.ulg.ac.be

ULg Soft Skills Catalogue : http://www.ulg.ac.be/formations‐transversales

Research Development Framework : https://www.vitae.ac.uk/researchers‐professional‐development

European charter and code : http://ec.europa.eu/euraxess/pdf/brochure_rights/eur_21620_en‐fr.pdf

L’environnement propice au développement des attitudes professionnelles, H. Bourdeault : http://www.supor.org/presentations/AttitudeCJE/#

Re@WBC,19/04/2016