research towards 5g: 28ghz channel sounder & ota … · • section 6.2. scenarios of interest...

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Research towards 5G: 28GHz Channel Sounder & OTA mm-Wave Measurement Solutions

Okos fogások Spektrumanalizátorokra! – Budapest, 07 March 2018

Enrico Brinciotti, PhD

Business Development Engineer

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Outline

2

• 5G: target applications and services

• Channel Sounder:

– Description

– Proof of Concept

• Using a drone for 3D Measurements in the Field

– Proof of Concept

• Some professional examples

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5G direct drivers and KPIs

5 to 20Gbps

mMTC: Massive Machine Type Communications 106 devices/km2

eMBB: Enhanced Mobile Broadband

UR/LL: Ultra-reliable and low-latency Communications1ms latency

50$ or I tweet this out.

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eMBB

mIoT

CriC

eMBBNEO

eV2X

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5G target services

Enhanced Mobile Broadband:• Mobile Broadband• UHD (Ultra High Definition)• High–mobility• Virtual Presence

Critical Communications:• Interactive Game/Sports• Industrial Control• Drone/Robot• Vehicle• Emergency

Network Operation:• Network Slicing• Routing• Energy Saving

Enhanced Vehicle to X:• Autonomous Driving• Safety and non-safety

aspects associated with vehicles

• V2V, Vehicle to Vehicle• V2I, Vehicle to Infr.• V2P, Vehicle to Pedestrian

Massive IoT:• Wearables• Inventory Control• Smart Metering• Subway/Stadium Service• eHealth

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High Capacity

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eMBB

User Mobility

eConnectivity

High Capacity

High Capacity = High Bandwidth• Indoor many Gbps• Traffic volumes of Tbps/km2Enhanced Connectivity:

• Aerial objects with reliablebroadband connectivity

User Mobility:• Mobile services in

fast moving vehicles(up to 500km/h)

Enhanced Mobile Broadband

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Massive MIMO

mmWave Band

Shared Spectrum Access

Advanced Inter-Node Coord.

How to achieve High Capacity in 5G

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High Capacity

mmWave Band

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mmWave Band

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mmWave

TransmitterTx Signal Channel Receiver Rx Signal

t

p(t) p(t)

t

p(t)

tChannel Response

Channel Estimation

Signal Generator

Signal Acq./Digitization

Channel Sounder SystemEstimates the channel response

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mmWave Band

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Attenuation in power density

Path Loss

Necessary for understanding intersymbol interference (ISI) effects of the channel

Power Delay Profile

Defines the detection region

LOS, NLOS, Outage

Probability

Effects of propagation through materials

O-to-I Penetration

Loss

Oxygen or Rain Absorption

Absorption Loss

Theoretical Model

(3GPP channel models)

Experimental Validation By

Channel Sounder

Channel parameters that need to beunderstood before using a newfrequency band

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3GPP Channel Models

• UMi (Street canyon, open area) with O2O and O2I: BSs mounted below rooftop levels of surrounding buildings. The width of the typical open area is in the order of 50 to 100 m.

– Example: [Tx height:10m, Rx height: 1.5-2.5 m, ISD: 200m]

• UMa with O2O and O2I: BSs mounted above rooftop levels of surrounding buildings.

– Example: [Tx height:25m, Rx height: 1.5-2.5 m, ISD: 500m]

• Indoor: This scenario is intended to capture various typical indoor deployment scenarios. The BSs are mounted at a height of approximately 3 m on the walls or ceilings of the corridors and shops.

– Example: [Tx height: 2-3m, Rx height: 1.5m, area: 500 square meters]

• Backhaul: including outdoor above roof top backhaul in urban area and street canyon scenario where small cell BSs are placed at lamp posts.

• D2D/V2V: Device-to-device access in open area, street canyon, and indoor scenarios. V2V is a special case where the devices are mobile.

• Other scenarios such as Stadium (open-roof) and Gym (close-roof).

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3GPP Channel Model for Frequency Spectrum > 6GHz

• Pathloss models

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• Oxygen absorption

• The additional loss to be applied is:


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Slide Title

Candidate frequency bands for 5G.

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• Direct Pulse Sounders: Basic low/medium Precision (Real-Time/Power/Time-Varying Channels)

– Subject to Interference

– Subject to Noise due to wideband pass-band filter required for multipath resolution

– Phase information is not available

• Time Domain Channel Sounders: High precision (Non-Real-Time/Power/Static Channel)

– Send a PN sequence as TX Reference Signal and detection is done via sliding correlation

– Robust to interference and noise

– Non-Real time and no phase information available

• Frequency Domain VNA Based Channel Sounders (Non-Real-Time/Power/Phase/Static Channel)

– Uses VNA to sweep through the frequency band and estimate Channel response using S-parameters

– Non-Real time however provides frequency/phase information

• OFDM/FPGA/Others Channel Sounders (Real-Time/Time-Varying Channels)

– Custom Implementation of Channel sounders to target specific use cases

– Uses discrete modules for signal generation, acquisition & processing

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Channel Sounder Types

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Anritsu Proof of Concept: Channel Sounding Components

• Anritsu MG3710A Vector Signal Generator:

– Used as an IQ data generator to feed the up-converter.https://www.anritsu.com/en-gb/test-measurement/products/mg3710a

• 3rd-Party Up-Converter:http://siversima.com/product/fc2121e01/

• Anritsu MA2808A High Performance Waveguide Mixer:

– Used to down-convert the mmW signal for analysis.https://dl.cdn-anritsu.com/en-en/test-measurement/files/Brochures-Datasheets-Catalogs/Leaflet/ma2808a-e2300.pdf

• Anritsu MS2840A Spectrum/Signal Analyzer:

– Used to capture and digitize the received signal.https://www.anritsu.com/en-gb/test-measurement/products/ms2840a

• Matlab PC:

– IQ Data for PN Signal generation for VSG and Data Acquisition from SA

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https://www.anritsu.com/en-gb/test-measurement/products/mg3710a

http://siversima.com/product/fc2121e01/

https://dl.cdn-anritsu.com/en-en/test-measurement/files/Brochures-Datasheets-Catalogs/Leaflet/ma2808a-e2300.pdf

https://www.anritsu.com/en-gb/test-measurement/products/ms2840a

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Proof of Concept : Channel Sounder

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Proof of Concept Capabilities

• Max. 125 MHz of signal generation and analysis

• Channel Impulse Response (CIR)

• Absolute path loss and power delay profile (PDP)

• TX/RX synchronization with SG Marker on waveform (+Trigger on SA)

• Calibration method to overcome the unknown delay produced by circuitry (BNC cables, etc.)

• Inclusion of the recent 3GPP Estimated Pathloss Curves

• Averaging measurement to remove noise and smooth the final CIR

• Almost real time CIR plot

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Graphical User Interface: MATLAB

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From model testing to realistic RF measurements on the field

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RF measurements up to mm-Wave using drones

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MS2760A Ultraportable Spectrum Analyzer

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• A portable Spectrum Analyzer is the key instrument of any RF measurement in the field

Yesterday Tomorrow

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MS2760A Spectrum Master ™Ultraportable USB-powered Spectrum Analyzer

Ultra Compact

9 kHz up to 110 GHz

32, 44, 50, 70, 110 GHz models

±0.5 dB amplitude accuracy, typical

11 seconds to sweep 110 GHz

> 100 dB dynamic range up to 110 GHz

NLTL technology

Small form factor

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Ultraportable Spectrum Master™ Targeted Applications

• Seamless sweep from 9 kHz up to 110 GHz for different use cases:

– 5G: 28, 39, 60 GHz

– IEEE 802.11ad (WiGig): 57 - 66 GHz

– Automotive Radar: 76 - 81 GHz

– Satellite: 27 - 40 GHz (Ka band), 40 - 75 GHz, (V band)

– SRW and ISM Devices: 45, 60, 75, 92 GHz

– Microwave Radios: 70/80 GHz, 90 GHz

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Use cases for Drone measurement

– Coverage mapping / Network planning

– Antenna installation : calibration of beams / Backhaul mm-W

– Interference hunting

– Propagation models

– Antenna Beam characterisation

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Coverage mapping

• Traditional cellular coverage : drive test in 2D

• Urban scenario requires 3D : Measurement in buildings.

How about :

• Drone coverage ?

– Amazon…

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Coverage at 200 meters height ?

Traditional 2D drive test.

3D Coverage in Buildings

Indoor mapping (no GPS needed) combining the MS2760A with Anritsu MA8100A TRX NEON Signal Mapper

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mm-Wave : Beam forming, a necessity

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Beamforming with array antenna

Higher frequency -> Higher propagation loss -> lower range

Narrow beam with array antenna -> compensate range loss

Cellular use case for mmW

Usage of 3D multi antenna array

Beamforming to track users

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Research Antenna PatternsInstallation beam measurements• Verify beam pattern and forming algorithm

• Beam tracking

• Tower measurement

• (3D) RF-EMF measurements

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Research in Propagation model

• Operators need to define theoretical coverage using planning tools

• Planning tools use different propagation models to define coverage

• Propagation model are based on real physical measurement campaigns

• Research institute run measurement campaign using drive test which give results in 2D and some measurement in buildings

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SPA Drones allow a maximum degree of liberty in 3D, ideal for Propagation research.

Propagation model

Verified with real measurement

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Drone Measurements

• Proof of concept

• Real use case examples

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DJI P3 Drone(top view)

Proof of concept: Anritsu EMEA drone

Drone Batteries15V

Power Slot

UBEC5V/3A max

Mini PC

MS2760ASpectrum Analyzer

PCWi-Fi

Router

USB

USB C

USB

Wi-FiLink

Running Analysis & Data collection Software

Windows Remote

Remote

DJI sw

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Proof of concept

• Fully functional mm-Wave drone measurements

• Based on DJI Phantom 3

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Piloting drones commercially usually requires a licenseFlying drones require good weather condition (wind,rain).

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Data Collection: MS2760A Channel Power Collection Tool

Additional software has been designed to collect the trace remotely with the MS2760A

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The Drone concept for Interference hunting

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Click here :https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvYQN-y1wWI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvYQN-y1wWI

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Drone measurements: high customization degree with multiple variables to consider

• Target Measurements

– Antenna pattern, Field strength, Interference Hunting

• Flight time

– How long the drone can fly with power drained and the weight

– How often do we have to replace batteries

• Power consideration

– How much power they can deliver. Can they provide at least 3A@5V

• Mounting & Weight consideration

– How much weight the Drone can lift

– How to fix our instrument to the drone safely without interference

• Control

– How to control the Drone with accuracy:

• Manually in LOS (Wi-Fi backhaul)

• Semi-manual in LOS with Pre-recorded flight path (Wi-Fi backhaul)

• Automatic with NLOS (Cellular backhaul) -> Precise positioning ?

– Who is going to pilot the drone

• Data collection

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Measurements Flight time

Weight & Batteries

ControlBackhauls

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EMF measurement with a drone

+ +Opt 31 GPS Antenna +

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EMF Triaxial Antenna

Router WiFi 802.11nGPS Antenna

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Drone RF measurement up to 110GHz is now possible36

Thanks for your attention

Köszönöm a figyelmet

Grazie dell’attenzione

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Antenna pattern Measurements (Victus Wireless integrator)

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Annex Drone Measurements

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Stress test CPU & memory

• Prime95 Stress all CPU core and RAM at 100% (doing FFTs)

• Battery time with 20 000 mA battery pack:

– Theoretical tot Consumption : Power 15W / Voltage 5V = 3A

– Theoretical battery life : 20000 mAh / 3000mA * 0.7 = 4.6 hours

– Measured intensity idle : 0.45(balanced) close to AP.

– Measured intensity full : max 3.2 A /2.5 later

– Measured battery life pack : 2h30 hours

• Heat without case : 73 degree Celsius

• Size of Drone batteries : 4500mA

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Basic Spectrum Analyzer Functions (cont.)

• Sweep: Single/Cont, Restart, Sweep Once, Sweep to N

• Number of Markers: 12, assignable to any trace

• Marker Mode: Normal, Delta, Fixed

• Peak Search: Peak, Next Peak, Next Peak Left, Next Peak Right

• Peak Configuration: Threshold and Excursion

• Marker : To Center, To Ref Level

• Remote Programming: SCPI

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Basic Specifications

• Frequency Range: 9 kHz to 32/44/50/70/90/110 GHz (useable to 0 Hz)

• Frequency Reference Accuracy: ±0.2 ppm + aging

• RBW and VBW: 10 Hz to 3 MHz, arbitrary size

• Amplitude Range: DANL to +20 dBm

• Amplitude Accuracy: ±2.0 dB, ±0.5 dB typical @ 70 GHz

• Phase Noise: -116 dBc/Hz @ 1GHz, -81 dBc @ 70 GHz

• Dynamic Range: -103 dBm/Hz

– DANL: -130 dBm < 6 GHz, -125 dBm > 6 GHz

– TOI: +35 dBm

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Basic Specifications (cont.)

• I/O

– External 10 MHz Freq Reference: MCX Connector

– Power and Communication to PC: USB 3.0 Type C

– Test Port:

• 32 / 44 GHz – K Connector ® (2.92 mm)

• 50 / 70 GHz – V Connector® (1.85 mm)

• 90 / 110 GHz – W Connector® (1.00 mm)

• Size

– 155 mm x 84 mm x 27 mm (6.1 in x 3.3 in x 1.1 in)

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PC requirements

• Quad Core i7 CPU or better

• Windows 7, 8.1 or 10 (64-bit*)

• 16 GB RAM

• USB 3.0*

*Required

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Touchscreen compatible

Designed to be intuitive for any user familiar with standard spectrum analyzers

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Noise Floor1 kHz RBW

No spurs!

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System Schematic

Drone Batteries15V

Power Slot

UBEC 5V/3A max

Mini PC

MS2760A

PCWifi

Router

USB

USB C

USB

Wi-Fi Link

Running Analysis Software

Windows Remote

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System Schematic : Control with double Wi-Fi network link

Drone Batteries15V

Power Slot

UBEC5V/3A max

Mini PC

MS2760A

PCWi-Fi

Router

USB

USB C

USB

Wi-FiLink

Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Router

SmartphoneWi-Fi

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System Schematic : Control single Wi-Fi network link

Drone Batteries15V

Power Slot

UBEC5V/3A max

Mini PC

MS2760A

PC

USB

USB C

Wi-FiLink

Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Router

SmartphoneWi-Fi

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System Schematic : Control single Wi-Fi network link

Drone Batteries15V

Power Slot

UBEC5V/3A max

Mini PC

MS2760A

PC

USB

USB C

Wi-FiLink

Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Router

Smartphone Emulator

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What’s on today

• Overview of Spectrum analyser MS2760A– Specification– Merit

• Use case for drone measurement– Traditional interference hunting– Installation / Calibration– Antenna – Coverage mapping– 5G research

• Beam measurement• Propagation models

• Proof of concept– Description Limitations

• Future evolutions– 3D positioning– Integration

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Annex Channel Sounder

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Anritsu MG3710A Vector Signal Generator:

• Vector Signal Generator supporting frequencies of 100 kHz to 2.7/4/6 GHz

• ACLR: -71 dBc (W-CDMA, Test-Model 1, 64DPCH, ≤+5 dBm)

• Output level +23 dBm (CW, 400 MHz to 3 GHz)

• Switching Time: <600 µs (List/Sweep mode)

• Built-in wideband (160 MHz/120 MHz) baseband signal generator

• Dual RF (Optional) provides two independent RF outputs

• Dual Waveform Memory (Optional) enables two independently modulated signals per RF Output

• IQ data output supported

• Standard 1000BASE-T, GPIB, and USB interfaces

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Anritsu Portfolio for Building Channel Sounders

• TX

– MG3710A : Vector Signal Generator

– MG3740A: Analog Signal Generator

• RX

– MS2850A/40A/30A: Spectrum Analyzer/Signal Analyzer

– MS2690A/91A/92A: Signal Analyzer

– MS2026C/27C/28C: VNA Master

– MS2037C/38C:VNA Master + Spectrum Analyzer

– Anritsu MA2808A : High Performance Waveguide Mixer

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Anritsu MS2850A Spectrum/Signal Analyzer:

• Frequency range: 9 kHz to 32 GHz/44.5 GHz

• Maximum analysis bandwidth: 1 GHz

• Excellent amplitude and phase flatness performance

• Wide dynamic range measurement: >140 dB

• With PCIe/USB3.0 connector equipped

• Internal IF (1.875 GHz) and LO (5 to 10 GHz)

• High EVM performance due to wide dynamic range (EVM: <1%)

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References

[1] G. R. MacCartney and T. S. Rappaport, "A Flexible Millimeter-Wave Channel Sounder With Absolute Timing," in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1402-1418, June 2017

[2] S. Salous, S. M. Feeney, X. Raimundo and A. A. Cheema, "Wideband MIMO Channel Sounder for Radio Measurements in the 60 GHz Band," in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 2825-2832, April 2016

[3] J. D. Parsons, D. A. Demery and A. M. D. Turkmani, "Sounding techniques for wideband mobile radio channels: a review," in IEE Proceedings I - Communications, Speech and Vision, vol. 138, no. 5, pp. 437-446, Oct. 1991

[4] P. B. Papazian, C. Gentile, K. A. Remley, J. Senic and N. Golmie, "A Radio Channel Sounder for Mobile Millimeter-Wave Communications: System Implementation and Measurement Assessment," in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 64, no. 9, pp. 2924-2932, Sept. 2016

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3GPP Channel Model for Frequency Spectrum > 6GHz• Reference: 3GPP TR 38.900 (June 2016)

• http://www.3gpp.org/DynaReport/TDocExMtg--RP-72--31638.htm

• http://www.3gpp.org/DynaReport/38900.htm

• TR is 90% complete.

• Target: Channel model from 6 GHz to 100 GHz taking into account the outcome of the RAN-level discussion in the ‘5G’ requirement study item.

• Considering the work done inside and outside 3GPP.

• Very mathematical document, it doesn’t talk about channel sounding measurement requirements.

• Potential relevancy for our work: Rough estimation of pathloss, LOS probability, penetration loss and oxygen absorption that we could include in our 5G Channel Sounding PoC.

http://www.3gpp.org/DynaReport/TDocExMtg--RP-72--31638.htm

http://www.3gpp.org/DynaReport/38900.htm

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• Section 6.1. Channel modelling works outside of 3GPP

Groups and projects with channel models:

•METIS (Mobile and wireless communications Enablers for the Twenty-twenty Information Society)

•MiWEBA (MIllimetre-Wave Evolution for Backhaul and Access)

•ITU-R M

•COST2100

•IEEE 802.11

•NYU WIRELESS: interdisciplinary academic research center

•Fraunhofer HHI has developed the QuaDRiGa channel model, Matlab implementation is available at

http://quadriga-channel-model.de

Groups and projects which intend to develop channel models:

•5G mmWave Channel Model Alliance: NIST initiated, North America based

•mmMagic (Millimetre-Wave Based Mobile Radio Access Network for Fifth Generation Integrated

Communications): Europe based

•IMT-2020 5G promotion association: China based

Performed channel measurements at 60 GHz

Many urban propagation measurements on

28/38/60/73 GHz bands for both outdoor and indoor

channels, measurements are continuing.

https://5g-mmmagic.eu/Brings together major infrastructure vendors, major European operators, leading research institutes and universities, measurement equipment vendors (R&S) and one SME. Will undertake extensive radio channel measurements in the 6-100 GHz range.

?

http://quadriga-channel-model.de/

https://5g-mmmagic.eu/

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• Section 6.2. Scenarios of interest

• Brief description of the key scenarios of interest identified:

• (1) UMi (Street canyon, open area) with O2O and O2I: This is similar to 3D-UMi scenario, where the eNBs are mounted below rooftop levels of surrounding buildings. UMi open area is intended to capture real-life scenarios such as a city or station square. The width of the typical open area is in the order of 50 to 100 m.

• Example: [Tx height:10m, Rx height: 1.5-2.5 m, ISD: 200m]

• (2) UMa with O2O and O2I: This is similar to 3D-UMa scenario, where the eNBs are mounted above rooftop levels of surrounding buildings.

• Example: [Tx height:25m, Rx height: 1.5-2.5 m, ISD: 500m]

• (3) Indoor: This scenario is intended to capture various typical indoor deployment scenarios, including office environments, and shopping malls. The typical office environment is comprised of open cubicle areas, walled offices, open areas, corridors etc. The eNBs are mounted at a height of 2-3 m either on the ceilings or walls. The shopping malls are often 1-5 stories high and may include an open area (or “atrium”) shared by several floors. The eNBs are mounted at a height of approximately 3 m on the walls or ceilings of the corridors and shops.

• Example: [Tx height: 2-3m, Rx height: 1.5m, area: 500 square meters]

(4) Backhaul, including outdoor above roof top backhaul in urban area and street canyon scenario where small cell BSs are placed at lamp posts.

(5) D2D/V2V. Device-to-device access in open area, street canyon, and indoor scenarios. V2V is a special case where the devices are mobile.

• (6) Other scenarios such as Stadium (open-roof) and Gym (close-roof).

• The scenarios of interest are based on the plenary email discussion and different from the supported scenarios in section 7

We will see in the next slide the red-circled

cases are the applicable ones for our

measurement setup.

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• Section 7.4.1 Pathloss

To include the pathloss, we just need to know:- hBS

- hUT

- d2D (Out & In)

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• Section 7.4.2 LOS probability

• The following cases are applicable to our measurement setup:

• - hUT, hBS, d2D and d3D are in or close to the range of our setup.

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• Examples of Channel Sounders

• http://www.5gworkshops.com/Annex%20for%205G%20channel%20model%20for%20bands%20up%20to%20100%20GHz%20-%20Second%20revision.pdf


http://www.5gworkshops.com/Annex for 5G channel model for bands up to 100 GHz - Second revision.pdf

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• Examples of Channel Sounders: Ericsson, Kista, Sweden


The channel sounder setup is based on a vector network analyzer (VNA) from Keysight (10 MHz – 43.5 GHz). In order to allow long-range measurements, antenna remoting using an optical fiber extension of the transmit RF cable is employed as shown in Fig. A1.3.2.1-1. The measurements have been performed at 2.44, 14.8 and 58.68 GHz carrier frequencies using 80, 200, and 2000 MHz bandwidth, respectively. The VNA supports operating frequencies of up to 43.5 GHz. Hence, to achieve 58.68 GHz transmission over the air, the VNA RF signal which is swept between 2 and 4 is up-converted in the transmitter (TX) and down-converted in the receiver (RX) as shown in Fig. A1.3.2.1-2.

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• Examples of Channel Sounders: Huawei, China• A dual-band ultra wideband channel sounder is designed to measure the 28G and E-band channel model. The sounder systems base on a

vector network analyzer (VNA) from Rohde & Schwarz, which provides an intermediate frequency (IF) signal and sampling receive IF signal from down converter.


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• Examples of Channel Sounders: NY University, US

• A set of 28 GHz and 73 GHz ultrawideband sliding correlator (or swept time delay cross correlation (STDCC)) channel sounders with superheterodyne architectures with similar baseband hardware and relatively similar intermediate frequency (IF) and radio frequency (RF) stages are used to measure the outdoor urban environment on the UT Austin campus, and downtown Manhattan in New York City [RSMZ+13, RMCS+15, MCRS15].


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• Examples of Channel Sounders: Samsung / Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)

• The channel sounder is developed using a sliding correlator provides an accurate multipath time resolution by utilizing 250 Megachip-per-second (Mcps, 500 MHz bandwidth) pseudo-random (PN) sequences.


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• Examples of Channel Sounders: China Mobile (CMCC) & Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT)

• The measurement platform in the measurements is setup based on instruments of Rohde & Schwarz as Fig. A3.1.1-1.


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• Conclusion

• Typical measurements are Path loss and Spread delay.

• VNAs are also used.

• Not only PN sequence signals, but also multi-tone signals are used.

• Our bandwidth is very limited (125 MHz), which gives us a minimal resolution of 8 ns (2.4 m).

• We should include the estimated Pathloss calculation to our PoF.


research towards 5g: 28ghz channel sounder & ota … · • section 6.2. scenarios of interest...

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