CHILD-PARENT INTERACTION THERAPY

Rajavardhanreddy VallapureddyStudying counselling

Life way collegeAukland

Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT)

An empirically-supported treatment for conduct-disordered young children that places emphasis on improving the quality of the parent-child relationship and changing parent-child interaction patterns.Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is a developed by Dr. Sheila Eyberg for children ages 2–7 and their caregivers.

It is an evidence-based treatment (EBT) for young children with emotional and behavioural disorders that places emphasis on improving the quality of the parent-child relationship and changing parent-child interaction patterns.  

A Pilot Efficacy Study

32 families of Children age group 4-6 of Puerto Rican  preschool were taken. 20 assigned to PCIT and 12 controlled group, after treatment by using measures they have found that there are significant changes in PCIT families than controlled group.

Matos, M., Bauermeister, J. J., & Bernal, G. (2009). Parent-child interaction therapy for puerto rican preschool children with ADHD and behaviour problems: A pilot efficacy study. Family Process, 48(2), 232-52. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/218895821?accountid=40858

The most commonly treated Disruptive Behaviour Disorders may be classified as Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) or Conduct Disorder (CD), depending on the severity of the behaviour and the nature of the presenting problems. The disorders often co-occur with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and abusive families.

Conduct disorder Conduct disorder is a psychological

disorder diagnosed in childhood or adolescence that presents itself through a repetitive and persistent pattern of behaviour in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms are violated.

Diagnostic criteria for 312.8 Conduct Disorder

Aggression to people and animalsDestruction of propertyDeceitfulness or theftSerious violations of rules

The disturbance in behaviour causes clinically significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning

Oppositional defiant disorder

(ODD) is a childhood disorder described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as an ongoing pattern of anger-guided disobedience, hostility, and defiant behaviour toward authority figures which goes beyond the bounds of normal childhood behaviour. Children suffering from this disorder may appear very stubborn and often angry.

Criteria for Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

A pattern of negativistic, hostile, and defiant behaviour lasting at least 6 monthsThe disturbance in behaviour causes clinically significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.The behaviours do not occur exclusively during the course of a Psychotic or Mood Disorder.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

 ADHD, is a psychiatric disorder in which there are significant problems of attention and/or hyperactivity and acting impulsively that are not appropriate for a person's age. These symptoms begin by age six to twelve and be present for more than six months for a diagnosis to be made. In school-aged children the lack of focus may result in poor school performance.

Criteria for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

InattentionHyperactivityImpulsivitySome impairment from the symptoms is present in two or more settings (e.g., at school [or work] and at home).There must be clear evidence of clinically significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.

Stages of PCIT PCIT is divided into two stages, Relationship development (child-directed

interaction) Discipline training (parent-directed

interaction)

It uses a unique combination of behaviour therapy and play therapy, and parent training to teach more effective discipline techniques and improve the parent–child relationship.

Child-Directed Interaction

Portion of PCIT aims to develop a loving and nurturing bond between the parent and child.

pride skills: P – Praise R – Reflect I – Imitate D – Describe E – Enjoyment

Parent-Directed Interaction

The Parent-Directed Interaction stage of PCIT aims to teach the parent more effective means of disciplining their child through a form of Play Therapy and Behavioural Therapy.

Assessment There are also three distinct assessment

periods Pre-treatment Mid-treatment Post-treatment which helps to know the progress of the

PCIT process.

Measures Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding

System (DPICS) for parent child interaction

  Eyberg Child Behaviour Inventory (ECBI), which measures the child’s current frequency of disruptive behaviour at home.

Timmer, Susan GThe Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System (DPICS) was used to code parent and child verbalizations and behaviours. The DPICS is a micro analytic behavioural coding system developed to code behaviours in children and parenting skills associated with Parent-Child Interaction Therapy(DPICS, Eyberg & Robinson, 1982). The DPICS has a total of 20 different parent and child codes, distinguishing among different kinds of verbalizations (descriptions, questions, and commands, for example), vocalizations (yell, whine, laugh), and behaviours (such as compliance, answering, physical positives)

Timmer, S. G., Urquiza, A. J., Herschell, A. D., McGrath, J. M., & al, e. (2006). Parent-child interaction therapy: Application of an empirically supported treatment to maltreated children in foster care. Child Welfare, 85(6), 919-39. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/213807495?accountid=40858

May Britt DrugliBo Larsson

Eyberg Child Behaviour Inventory (ESBI) is a 36-items inventory for parents to assess child conduct problem behaviours among children aged 2–16 years on a 1–7 scale. Total scores range from 36 to 264. In this study, only the total intensity scores were used to indicate frequency of conduct problems.

May, B. D., & Larsson, B. (2006). Children aged 4-8 years treated with parent training and child therapy because of conduct problems: Generalisation effects to day-care and school settings. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 15(7), 392-9. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-006-0546-3

Refferences Diagnostic and statistical manual of

mental disorders-5.(2013). United states of America: American psychiatric association.