research methods: sampling
DESCRIPTION
A brief introduction to sampling ... with bears ... for trainee counsellors on their research methods moduleTRANSCRIPT
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Sampling
FdA and BA (Hons) Counselling with Brief Interventions
Counselling Research
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Aims
By the end of this session you will be able to:
• Explain what sampling means• Identify the difference between probability
and non-probability sampling• Identify a sampling method appropriate for
your project
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Why?
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Here’s Why …
A credible and appropriate sampling strategy will strengthen your research methodology
Communicating a critical awareness of sampling when writing your project or dissertation will add gravitas to your work.
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What is Sampling?
It’s too expensive to conduct research on a large population …
So we conduct research on a sample of that population …
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How we choose our sample can be important, depending on the type of research we are undertaking …
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Sampling in Quantitative Research
• I want to generalise my findings
• I want the research to be repeatable
• I want to remove subjectivity and bias
• It’s important that the sample is representative
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Sampling in Qualitative Research
• I want to focus on individual stories and subjective experience
• I am interested in context and themes
• I am interested in ‘saturation’
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Types of Sampling
In probability sampling we know what the likelihood is of each subject being chosen
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Types of Sampling
Non- Probability
Sample
Convenience Snowball Quota
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Probability Sampling #1
Random Sample1. Get a list (the sampling frame)2. Generate random numbers3. Select one person per random number
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Probability Sampling #2
Systematic Random Sample1. Select a number e.g. 52. Get a list (the sampling frame)3. Select every e.g. 5th person on the list
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Probability Sampling #3
Stratified Random Sample1. Your population is separated into groups2. Do a random or a systematic random sample
for each of those groups
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Non-probability Sampling #1
The Convenience SampleChoose participants that are handy
Purposive sampling The researcher chooses participants based on whether he or she thinks they will be appropriate for the study
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Non-probability Sampling #2
The Snowball SampleAsk participants to refer you to more participants
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Non-probability Sampling #3
Quota Sampling1. Determine what the population is like
according to specific qualities2. Determine quotas for each quality3. Select people to fulfil each quota
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Sampling and Your Research
Consider the sampling method you are going to use:
1. What would be appropriate?2. What would add credibility to your research?3. What fits with your methodology?4. What is do-able?
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Conclusions
1. Consider how you are choosing your participants
2. Write about your sampling strategy in your methodology
3. Provide a rationale for your approach4. Demonstrate an understanding of sampling
and how it applies to your research