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Topic: lssues in the Translation of English phrases into chinese Four-character ldioms. A

Case Study, !

oLI'LCL

Summary of the essay content ofscope

{\,!In this hypothetical essay, fiouridiom'i*g"n"rrlly defined in English will be discussed first, Allrl#t{

' l . ' r ,

the definition of Chinese four-character idiom wetdd'be UrvE4nO how the idioms "':,|

are used would be explained. That shall lead me to the comparison of what idioms are and

nou$*inlusea in the two languages. After the comparison of the definition and usage'

.re(translated prose would be selected, which is formal and has comparatively less idioms in

its source text as the materiar of my case study.anobv finding out all the target text's

Chinese four-character idioms which are not idioms in the source text, I could discuss what

translation strategies haye begn. used and why they are applied (for the purpose of

formatity for instancel. r-"ittilil,lro rike to cast doubt on whether the context in which

chinese four-character idioms are used is the same as thatrEnglish idioms are used'

wordcount: 1jq . ' ltr \ri['rL'l\

Entry 1

/")

Baker, Mona (1992) tn OtherWords: Qoirse$ook on translation, London: Routledge'

"Lanznon Jiantong r Uiversi$ i#Seiencesf2s (2y' t25'tfti

chapter three of this book provides a clear overview of the definitions and categories, as

well as idioms and fixed expressions. By raising the reader's awareness of how different

languages tend to consist of a variety of arbitrary lexical combinations, the author takes a

step forward to examine how equivalence could be achieved through the process of

translating. The author identifies a number of problems often encountered during the task

of translation. Readers are reminded of the common pitfalls of translation and how they

could avoid or overcome the difficulties caused by collocational patterning and idioms that

are relatively hard to recognize. This chapter allows me to Sivdfefinition to the word,

,,idiom,, and to comparg the translation method provided here with the methods provided in

other articles. u'/

word count: 128

Entry 2

Cao, Xi-ying (2007) trFf,tEffi#ItffiFiEE€9EF##Hbffi# [on the Translation of

English and Chinese Proverbs Based on the Relevance Translation Theoryl, Jgutnal of. / - ' -

- - '

Xihua University (Philosophy & Social Sciences) 26 (3): 94-96. e'r'

The current research of the translation of English and Chinese idioms are summarized

first. The author argues that it is not enough to apply translation strategies merely by

taking the difference of language and culture into consideration. In answering to the

different expectation of the source text writer and the translators themselves, one idiom

should not be translated into the same phrase when the change of context occurs. Four

translation strategies are provided to cope with the difficulties. Considering the intention of

the source writer and the cognitive context of the target readers are stressed. This article

allows me to assess the target text from a different angle.

word count: 108 /-

Entry 3

lar i '>

I

Jk(trr t 'kC.rf

Chen, Oi (2009) ffinHEile-ffitE#El#ffi#+6!il8*E [On Reader'sAcceptance in

fdiom Transfatio nl, Joumalof Hubei tJniversity of Education 26 (6): 121-123,-."/

The author of this articte argues that the most important thing a translator should do is

translate according to the way that his/her readers could best understand the content.

Hans Robert Jauss' Reception Aesthetics is introduced first to point out the importance of

reader reception in literature. Then Chen claims that the theory could also be applied to

the process of translation as well. Translation is looked at as going through double

reception ot reaoersffl\i Rrst stage being the reception of the translator and the second

stage being the readers of the translated work. \A/henever the translator tries to fill the gap,

he/she should fillthe gap according to the preference of n,7t:l.l?."!ers. ldiom translation

is noted here as this is a difficulty that is often encountered. The concepts mentioned in

this article should be useful as one of the evaluation criteria in my case study. '.

word count: 151

"-) r\gw ?''q(Entry 4 \ '/

| .--

Li, Baochuan (200e) F1#fi#+$!tril51t6g . g#il€m fnAUt"gFlexibldrUse,AnastropheandEl| ipsisinChinese|dioms],Jour@31(2);50-53.

The object of this research is to clarif)\Chinese idioms, including four-character idioms

from the perspective of grammar. The characteristics of the idioms are listed and the

grammar of each idiom is comparedpvith the grammar used in modern Chinese. The

comparison consists of analysespfaitterent parts of speech. Parts of speech like nouns

and adjectives are used flexibly in the idioms. They tend to function differently in different

phrases. Anastrophe is not uncommon in idioms as words .*,,01"3t9I a different order.

Often eoutfellipsis of certain preposition] oOjectand predicatd{6e ;een as well. This

research could be usefulwhen I compare the idioms of English and Chinet" Py grammar.

word count: 116 fn fl^tl;^clturantcih'( ti I/

fcruarEntry 5

4,r . i . t ( )

Liu, Gui-ying (2005) FFtr#ffi#+fl7*#=HtEE flhe Formation of ldioms, Rhetoric

and Transtationl, JoynalolYansllluliversity (Philosophy and Social Science Edition) 6

(3): 59-62 ,/\ '/

c{'t '! ct-tJd c't(

Six types of Chinese four-character idioms and English idioms are shown in this;7rticle.

First, idioms that contain four characteffih convey the exact lit"ffiEninS/6$onO,L,

kind of idioms is one-thaLareanalogical.pThird kind of idioms are those basing the

meaning in cultural background. Fourth is the idioms that convey historical stories. Fifth

are the idioms that are religious. And lastly the ones that come from art and literature.

Then the grammatical structure of the idioms are described and classified into ten

categories. This article providesfieaid+to{ive definition and explanation of Chinese

idioms. wt1. fl-r: !vo,ls' A:

word count: 100

Entry 6

Ma, Hui (2000) FFtr#ffi#+#*H=FiEXE [Processing of lmage Language in the

English-to-Chinese ldiom Translationl, Journal of Lanzhou Jiaotong University (Social

Sciences) 25 (2): 125-128.

/u AC{I'.V'J^ 6t'-6' fe ( a /<' pf k xt C:" (

i l, i '[ '( !

I r , ;

){ 'z i ' t t '>

?tctct/t-e J& rtnt /^/,

The author pinpoints the method witfn /hich translators apply to convey the images that

Chinese and English idioms carry. The origins of Chinese and English idioms are explored

and cultural differences are explored. Taking the importance of rhetoric into consideration,

some translation strategies are suggested. The oplgt: include saving the image,

changing the image, omitting the image and addinQ,ffig". The author then provides an

explanation of how context of culture and context of situation affect the translation

strategies being used. This articles allowsa_ff to observe the idioms used in the target text

of my case to see how the translator cope/and what strategies are used'

word count: 108

Entry 7

Reagan, Robert Timothy (1987) 'The syntax of English ldioms: can the DofJ ---,--

Be Put on?" Journalof Psycholinguistic Research 16 (5): 417-441

This study is conducted to find out the rules that underlie English idioms and people's

acceptabiliy of JdVntactic variatiorn. Introspective judgements, as previous researchers

used in their study of similar subjecf is prevented in this research due to the lack of

objectivity. Instead, fivq tasks which consist of 41 idioms in 7 to 8 syntactic variations are

designed anoQggby many persons to make acceptability judgements. The result shows

that among 103 Harvard students, 86% of them concurwith Fraser's (1970) predicting

modelwhich successfully presents how idiomaticity is engaged in everyday discourse.

This research paper would allow me to compare the characteristics and usage of English

idioms with Chinese idioms.

word count: 113

Entry 8

sun, Ai-min (2008) FHtrHEI##fi [An Exploration of chinese ldioms' Literal

Translationl, Journal of Nanjing,Forestry University (Humanities and Social sciences

edition) 8 (a): 51-54. ,-''/

,, ,,. r -lf+s'

This research presents the difference betwee@gfranslation and literaltranslation of

Chinese idioms being translated into English. The author argues that when translating

Chinese four-character idioms into English, the best strategy is to translate literally. Five

reasons are given to show the benefits of this strategy. Literal translation of the Chinese

idioms into English allows the preservation of images of the language which would be

particularly valuable if the source text is one that is full of cultural description. Literal

translation of the idioms could also be a way{teveal customs and manners as well. This

article allows me to look at the strategies being used in the target text in a different

perspective.

word count 116

Entry 9

Sun, Hong-shan and Fa-ke Zhang (2008) FHEHEnffiAF&Hffi#iFffi tThe

Stratification of English ldioms and Corresponding Translation Strategie_s-l-q$ltl9.

Foreisn Lanslase J:rtilg_lgylnal (4): ee-105. v,-'/

Sun and Zh0ng advocate stratiffing idioms to enable the best use of translation strategies.

In the past, idioms were categorized according tq"tdsyntax and structure. Stratifying by

the function of the idioms was accomplished later by other scholars, therefore generating

two different concepts of idiom and idiomaticity. The origin of the meaning of idioms is.2

highty controversial, but the direct relationship of idiom and pragmatics is approved of. Two

difficulties of translating idioms is then listed: one is understanding, another conveying.

Two strategies are suggested to cope with the problem; they are domestication and

foreignization. After considering the genre of source text, the decision of which strategy to

apply could be made. This article allows me to observe strategies being used in the

translation of my case study less rqsJffqledM

word count: 131 tr'1 L{ f< l"' iv.-J^l-' c rc& fl<(t rl-.r.'"':^.

Entry 10

wang, Jian-qiu (2009) 'ft}lvflfrTsltEfiElffiffi##ffi [on Translation strategy of

English & Chinese ldioms from the Perspective of Culturel, Journal of Chaohu College 11

(2):102-106. -. .-- /

This article focuses on the cultural background of idioms in Chinese and English. Wangn^1

argues tha!foifiural issue is particularly important for idioms that are to be translated

because idioms in every language tend to carry the unconscious communal history of one-

-rt'cultural group of people. Several aspects that constitute background knowledge of idioms

are stateC h?,tFtfitluding geographical position, fable, mythology, history customs,

religiouVand values. The differences of the idioms in English and Chinese caused by the

differences existing in each otthe cateqories listed above are demonstrated. Suggestions

"i*n", .r**n,*'lJJ,fttoi;L#,fi7"il "rpt"ined

in the foilowins parasraphs. rhestrategies here, being ones that put cultural consideration into priority, would be helpful as

to observe the way idioms are used in the target text of my translation case.

word count: 134