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www.rersearch-chronicler.com Research Chronicler ISSN-2347-503X International Multidisciplinary Research journal

Volume III Issue V: May 2015 Editor-In-Chief: Prof. K.N. Shelke

Research Chronicler A Peer-Reviewed Refereed and Indexed International Multidisciplinary Research Journal

Volume III Issue V: May 2015

CONTENTS Sr. No. Author Title of the Paper Page No.

1 Shailendra P. Singh

Imparting Idea Generation Skills for Effective Writing

1

2 Dr. Dhanesh Mohan Bartwal

Depiction of Pain and Misery of a Dalit in Omprakash Valmiki’s Joothan: A Dalit’s Life

6

3 M. Sraddhanandam

Women Empowerment through Education in Mahabub Nagar District of Telangaana State: Some Observations

17

4 Talluri Mathew Bhaskar Girish Karnad’s Yayati: a Mythical Play 22 5 Dr. Patil Vijaykumar

Ambadasrao Blanche: A Barren

37

6 B. Niraimathi

From Self- adjustment to Self- alienation in Anita Desai’s Fire on the Mountain

43

7 Mrs. Aphale Jayashri Ajay Use of Literature in Language Teaching 47 8 Anisha Rajan

The Gendered Other in the Forty Rules of Love

53

9 Mr. Dnyaneshwar Shrawan Bhandare

Dramatic Techniques in Vijay Tendulkar’s Ghashiram Kotwal

58

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62

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72


Volume III Issue V: May 2015 (17) Editor-In-Chief: Prof. K.N. Shelke

Women Empowerment through Education in Mahabubnagar District of Telangaana State: Some Observations

M. Sraddhanandam

Doctoral Scholar, Department of Economics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, (Telangaana State) India

Abstract

The debatable subject in the world is women empowerment. Many of the nations have been disdaining women education which promotes women empowerment. The paper examines who fought for the women empowerment in the earlier in India. And particularly women eminent personalities in the educationally back ward district Mahaboobnagar were covered. Mandal wise Literacy level trends (least and top mandals) are discussed in the paper. At the same time mandal wise sex ratio trends also explains the paper. Gattu mandal has recorded very lowest female literacy not only in entire district but also both telugu states (Andhra Pradesh and Telangana) and India. Ultimately the paper shows that comparative observation of sex ratio and literacy levels in the district.

Key Words: introduction, eminent women personalities, women literacy trends, sex ratio trends.

Introduction:

Women empowerment is a debatable subject. Women education in India has also been a major preoccupation of both government and civil society as educated women play vital role in the development of the countries. Education is mile stone of women empowerment because it enables them to responds to the challenges, to confront their traditional role and change their life. So that it is essential to give importance to women education in rural India.

History of women education in India: For centuries women were not treated equal to men in many ways. They were not allowed to own property, they did not have a Share in the property of their parents, they had no voting rights, and they had no freedom to choose their work or job and so on. Gender inequality has been part and parcel of an accepted male-dominated Indian society throughout history. Women were expected to be bound to the house,

while men went out and worked. This division of labor was one of the major reasons why certain evils like ’Sati Pratha’, .Pardah System’, ’Child Marriage’, ’Dowry System’, etc. took birth in our society. The traditional Indian mentality assumes that the place of women is mainly concentrated to the household activities like kitchen work and upbringing of the children. There is systematic discrimination against women economically, socially, politically and culturally more so, in India. These discriminations & disabilities are practiced at all levels day in & day out.

In motherhood society women played a key role in the family and society. Actually Indian religious, customs and traditions superstitious are the major obstacle for the women education. Prior independence some of the eminent personalities entered and laid several reforms to cross all these barriers. Like Rajaram Mohan Rai,



EswaraCandra vidhya sagar rao and Dr.BR.Ambedkar etc are emphasised women education in India. Particularly Savithri bai pule w/o of Mahathma Jyothi bapule was the first women teacher in India. Periayar EV.Ramaswamy and Ambedkar were the leaders for the lower castes in the country who took various initiatives to make education available to the women.

Literacy is one of the important social characteristics on which information is

obtained of every individual in the census. At the time of independence of India literacy rate was 18 percent (1951). It is reached to 76 percent by 2011. Women literacy also increased to 65.46 from 8.86 during the same period. In Andhra Pradesh literacy rate also increased to - from during the same period. Mahaboob Nagar district one of the least developed districts in the United Andhra Pradesh and Telangaana states.

India literacy rate during 1951-2011

Census year Persons Males(M) Females(F) M-F in literacy rate

1951 18.33 27.16 8.86 18.3 1961 28.3 40.4 15.35 25.05 1971 34.45 45.96 21.97 23.98 1981 43.57 56.38 29.76 26.62 1991 52.21 64.13 39.29 24.84 2001 65.38 75.85 54.16 21.7 2011 74.15 82.14 65.38 17.78

Census: 2001, 2011.

Male literacy rate has increased to 82.14%, which shows an increase of 11.13%.On the other hand, the female literacy of 53.67% has increased at a much faster rate of 14.38%. The male-female literacy gap has increased to 26.62% from 18.3% between1951-1981.and later decreased drastically to 16.68% by 2011.

Objectives: with the following objectives the paper is framed. 1. To know the differences of literacy levels in the district, 2. Find out the sex ratio differences in the district.

Data Source: For reaching the objectives primary(interiew) and secondary data were adopted. District hand book and census 2011 and research papers and related books considered for the secondary data.

Profile of the Mahabob nagar district: Mahabubnagar is southern district of Hyderabad state under Nizam and bordered with River Krishna in the south and surrounded by the Nalgonda, Hyderabad, Kurnool, Raichur and Gulbarga districts. Mahabubnagar town is located at a distance of 96-km from Hyderabad. Total population in the district as per 2011 census 40, 53,028 (Male: 20, 50,386 Female: 20, 02, 642, and the district connected with 5 revenue divisions (Mahabubnagar, Nagakarnool, Gadwal, Narayanpet, Wanaparthy) and 64 mandals and 1475 villages. The district has very least literacy rate with 55 percent which shows poor condition of the distirct. The district was under the Andhra Pradesh state earlier, but now it comes under the newly



emerged Telangaana State. Particularly women literacy is less comparing to the other districts of the Telangana State. It is the only one district where too much migrations takes place to Hyderabad, Mumbai, Maharastra, Guntur, Jhansi, Karnataka and other countries(Arab countries) as labours in building construction. Finally the district is said to be address for the migrations in both Telugu states.

Some of the women important personalities in the district: Some of the eminent personalities are also paying their services in the society. Ponnaganti Yashoda Reddy Professor at Osmania University, D.K.Aruna M.L.A of Gadwala, Sitha Dayakar Reddy Ex.MLA, Swrna Sudhakar Reddy, Ex MLA

Amarcanthala and Baduguala Sumathai Super indent of Police (SP) of Medhak district, and Santa bai Ex MLA Kalwarkurti etc are the eminent personalities in Mahaboobnagar district.. Smt.Padhma PDSU leader ,Samskruthi(Jawaharlal Nehru University(JNU) Doctoral Scholar and Student leader, Jyoti President Chaitanya Mahila Organization etc also said to be important women personalities. The one more significant women personality Ajamma has been working to control the prostitution and its related unfair activities. Actually she was once belongs to the deevasi family.Vanam Jhansi BJP central active Leader and Narayanamma APTF ex.leader etc,. Comes under the active, eminent women personalities in the back ward district. (Mahabubnagar).

Literacy levels and male female gap in the district Table.1

Census year Total literacy in the district

Male(M) Female(F) M-F gap

2001 44.41 56.63 31.89 12.22 2011 55.04 65.21 45.72 20.49

Census: 2001 & 2011

According to the table (1), the literacy gap between 2001 and 2012 is only around 10 percent. In the district literacy gap of male & female 12 percent, but in case of female

it is appearing more i.e. 20.49 percent during the same period. The much gap between male and female shows bad performance of the society.

Some of the indicators of the district (Rural and Urban) Table.2

Indicator Rural Urban Population 85 15 Literacy avg 50.59 77.96 Male literacy 61.54 85.52 Female 40.15 70.24 Child(%) in population 13.26 11.9 Child sex ratio 923 935

Source: 2011 census



As per the table (2), 85 percent of the population is resided in the rural areas and remaining in urban areas. Female literacy is 40.15 percent in rural and 70.24 percent

in urban area which much difference. And there is no more difference in case of child sex ratio in rural and urban in the district.

Women literacy trends of top five mandals in the Mahaboob nagar district.

Table.3

S.NO Name of the Mandal Litaracy 1 Alampur 51.42 2 Veepangandla 46.29 3 Kollapur 46.24 4 Booth pur 4.19 5 Bejijepally 44.10 6 Total MBNR district 45.65

Source: Census 2011

According to the above table (2) Alampur mandal stood at first place in women literacy rate in the district. Alam pur,veepanagadla, Kollapur Boothpur and

bejinepally mandals are recorded more literacy rate which is more than the district average literacy rate.

Women literacy trends of least five mandals in the Mahaboob nagar district

Table.4

S.no Name of the Mandal Literacy 1 Gattu 25.13 2 Dharur 29.28 3 Maldhakal 31.79 4 Dhamaragidda 33.67 5 Narva 38.46 6 Total MBNR district 45.64

Source: Census 2011

Above table (4), depicts that least literacy levels of five mandal in the district. In Gattu mandal has recorded very lowest literacy rate (25.13). And in Darur Maldakal Dhamaragidda and Narva

mandals are also very low literacy levels in the district. In these madals literacy rate is too low than that of district average literacy level.

Sex ratio trends of top five mandals in the Mahaboob nagar district.

Table.5

S.no Mandal Sex ratio 1 Kodangal 1017 2 CC kuna 1016



3 Gattu 1015 4 Kosgi 1009 5 Total MBNR district 975

Source: Census 2011

Above table (5) states that kodangal stood at recordable place in case f sex ratio (1017). It is more than that the average sex ratio of Mahabob nagar district and

Telangaana and India. Remaining mandals CC kunta, Gattu and Kosgi mandals are also more sex ratio recorded.

Sex ratio trends of least five mandals in the Mahaboob nagar district.

Table.6

S.no Mandal Sex ratio 1 Amangal 924 2 Balmur 929 3 Alampur 931 4 Kothhur 930 5 Kollapur 942 6 MBNR district 975

Source: Census 2011

According to the above table (6) in Amangal mandal sex ratio is very least place (924). Balmur, Alampur, Kothur and kollapur mandals are recorded also low sex ratios which are low with district and state averages.

Conclusion:

Education play key role in the distinity of the nation. Particularly women educationcan promotes the strengthen the society. There is much gap between male and female literacy and education. Women

education causes for the maximum utilisation of available resources in the country. It is one of the parameter of the human resource development and economic development. Education compelled the accelerate growth of the economy. As per the experts view lack of education is one of the important driving factors for the less development of the societies. So government should provide the quality and rational education to the increasing population which changes the society in to a positive way.

References:

1. Census report 2011 2. M. SUGUNA-Education and Women Empowerment in India, International Journal

of Multidisciplinary Research Vol.1 Issue 8, December 2011, ISSN 2231 5780. 3. Reecha Upadhyay- Women's Empowerment in India:An Analytical Overview 4. Dutt and sundaram-Indian economy 5. Telugu Daily news papers Sakshi,Enadu,and Namasthe Telangaana 6. http://mahabubnagar.nic.in/Atglance.php?s=0#0

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