research and development activities in wind power · •fault ride through and system protection...

1

Energy Technology Department, Aalborg University

Zhe CHEN Professor, PhD

Email: [email protected]

Website: http://homes.et.aau.dk/zch

Group website: http://homes.et.aau.dk/zch/group.htm

http://www.et.aau.dk

Research and Development

Activities in Wind Power

“DANISH WIND DAY”

@ THE TURKISH WIND ENERGY CONGRESS

mailto:[email protected]

http://homes.et.aau.dk/zch

http://homes.et.aau.dk/zch/group.htm

Contents

•Research and Developments in Wind Power

•Wind Power Research Activities at ET-AAU



Rotor Gearbox Generator Power electronics Transformer Grid

Mechanical Energy

Electrical Energy

Control System

Wind Energy

Wind Turbine Systems

Challenges and Developments

• High efficiency,

• High reliability,

• High functionality,

• Low system cost.



Wind Farms

Challenges and Developments “DANISH WIND DAY”


• High efficiency,

• High reliability,

• High functionality,

• Low system cost.

Wind power station

p(t) variable p(t) fixed p(t) variable

Energy storage

Power Station

Load centre

Large Scale Wind Power in Power Systems

•Power Quality in grid

•Transient stability

•Network planning methods

•Transmission, HVDC control

•Fault ride through and system protection


@ THE TURKISH WIND ENERGY CONGRESS Challenges and Developments

Wind Power Research Activities

Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, [email protected]

Research Activities at ET-AAU

Generators for Wind Turbines

•FEM Analyse

•Advanced Optimal Design

•Power Electronic/Machine

interaction

•New types of Generators

•Optimization of medium speed

PM generators for wind turbines

•Optimization and site matching

of wind power generator systems

System cost



(EU FP6 UPWIND)

7

Optimisation of Gear Ratio


The possible

ranges of gearbox

ratio and power

levels of wind

generators have

been investigated

Characteristics of the optimized 1MW PM generator system

The system cost and efficiency decrease with the gear ratio increases

The total weight of the system also reduce with the gear ratio increases

The maximum annual energy per generator cost (AEOPC) can be found.


8

1.Stator core -12

2.Phase coil

3.Assistant coil

4.Rotor core - 10

5.Shaft

6.Rotor core base

7.Rotor frame

Configuration of the EASRG

Excitation assistance switched reluctance generator (DSF-10-094560)

Rotor & end cover Stator module

Prototype of the EASRG

Advantages

• Modular design (easy for manufacture

and replacement)

• Simple and robust structure

• High reliability

• Good fault tolerant ability



9

10

•Power electronic interface for wind turbines

•Optimized design of power electronic system

•Wind turbine control with Power electronics

•Modelling and simulation

Power Electronics for Wind Turbine Systems

GridfL

fC

dampR

mL dcV fL

fC

dampR

mRGearbox

Wind turbine

Back-to-back

converter

Transformer

Induction

generator

AC0R 0X

3

2L 3L-NPC 3L-FLC0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Pow

er

loss d

istr

ibution o

fgrid-s

ide c

onvert

er

(W)

On-state loss of IGBT

Switching loss of IGBT

On-state loss of FRD

Recovery loss of FRD

Dn

S4

S3

S2S1

Grid-side power loss distribution

2L 3L-NPC 3L-FLC0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Pow

er

loss d

istr

ibution o

fgenera

tor-

sid

e c

onvert

ers

(W

)

On-state loss of IGBT

Switching loss of IGBT

On-state loss of FRD

Recovery loss of FRD

Dn

S4

S3S2

S1

Generator-side power loss distribution



Control

to balance capacitor voltage

to eliminating voltage ripple

Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)

Features

Modular structure

High voltage and power

application

Cell11

Cell12

Cell1n

Cell31

Cell32

Cell3n

Vdc

idc

ia

ib

Ls

Ls

Ls

Ls

iua iub

ila ilb

uua

ucau_1

ucau_2

ucau_n

ucbu_1

ucbu_2

ucbu_n

Cell21

Cell22

Cell2n

ucal_1

ucal_2

ucal_n

Cell41

Cell42

Cell4n

ucbl_1

ucbl_2

ucbl_n

arm1

a

b

Cell51

Cell52

Cell5n

ic

Ls

Ls

iuc

ilc

uccu_1

uccu_2

uccu_n

Cell61

Cell62

Cell6n

uccl_1

uccl_2

uccl_n

c

RfLf ea

eb

ec

o

SMua_1

SMua_n

SMua_2

SMla_1

SMla_n

SMla_2

SMub_1

SMub_n

SMub_2

SMuc_1

SMuc_n

SMuc_2

SMlb_1

SMlb_n

SMlb_2

SMlc_1

SMlc_n

SMlc_2

+

-

arm3

+

-

uub

ula

+

-

ulb

+

-

ulc

+

-

uuc

+

-

arm5

arm2 arm4 arm6

s1

s2

Vc

Vsm

+

+

-

Csm

ucal1~ucal4

ia ib ic


11

12


Research Activities at ET-AAU

Dual Full-Bridge Zero Current Switching (DFBZCS)

Converter and its Control

FBCCM FBDCM DFBZCS

Average Power Losses (MW) 1.063 1.767 0.504

Required Filter Inductance (mH) 17.0 3.3 1.8

(DSF 10-094560)

Patented by Aalborg University

Design and Control for A DC-Grid Offshore

Wind Farm

onshoreoffshore

GridHVDC

T

offshore converter

onshore converter

G G

G G


Features

• DC/DC converters

• VSC HVDC protection

• VSC HVDC redundant operation


13

Dynamic Wind Turbine Model - from wind to grid

(DSF-09-071588)

Power Grid

Mechanical Generator



14

Individual Pitch Control

• To mitigate the loads and fatigue of HAWTs under balanced and imbalanced

conditions respectively.

• To mitigate the wind turbine output power oscillation (flicker) caused by 3p

effect (wind shear, tower shadow, etc.)


CPC PI IPC0

200

400

600

800

Dam

age e

quiv

ale

nt

load (

kN

m)

Yaw moment

Tilt moment

Blade root bending moment

S-N slope = 4

CPC PI IPC0

200

400

600

800

1000

Dam

age e

quiv

ale

nt

load (

kN

m)

Tilt moment

Yaw moment

Blade root bending moment

S-N slope = 10


15

• Time domain simulation validation

•

Kp4=0.01, unstable

Kp4=0.55, stable


Small signal stability analysis

based control system design


16

Wind Turbine Power Quality

Flicker Mitigation with a control approach


Flicker Mitigation with reactive power control

3-blade

turbine

GearboxTransformer

2.5MVA

G

Z ZthEth=11kV

2 1Wind

DFIG

Capacitor

PWM

converter

PWM

converter Wind

turbine

PCC

4.63,20,1.0 kSCRIn


17

System Optimal Design

Capacity algorithm

Constraints

Capacity

Offshore Wind Farm

Transmission

system

Collection

system

Optimization of

electrical system

Optimal Design of

the electrical system

Equipments Market

Datasheet

Wind speed data,

distance to shore

Star

DC

WT

WT

Rectifier

DC/DC

Cluster

Rectifier

Star

DC

WT

WT

Rectifier DC/DC

DC/DC

Cluster

DC/DC

Cluster

DC/DC



18

Wind Farm System Optimal Design and Control



19

5%

10%

15%

20%

WEST EAST

SOUTH

NORTH

0 - 0.1

0.1 - 0.2

0.2 - 0.3

0.3 - 0.4

0.4 - 0.5

0.5 - 0.6

0.6 - 0.7

Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Farms



20

Incipient Stator Insulation Fault Detection of

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Wind Generators

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-2000

0

2000

A5(A

)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-500

0

500

D5(A

)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-500

0

500

D4(A

)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-500

0

500

D3(A

)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-200

0

200

D2(A

)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-100

0

100

D1(A

)

Time(s)

(a) (b)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-5000

0

5000

IMF

1(A

)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-5000

0

5000

IMF

2(A

)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-5000

0

5000

IMF

3(A

)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-5000

0

5000

IMF

4(A

)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-2000

0

2000

IMF

5(A

)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-100

-50

0

Res(A

)

Time(s)

The comparison of Discrete wavelet transform

and Hilbert-Huang Transformation on inter-turn

fault detection of PMSG


• Based on Hilbert-Huang Transformation (HHT)

• The capability to detect the inter-turn short circuit fault at the minimum severity degree of

0.1488% is much better than the best record (2.78%) in the literature

Condition Monitoring

Fault Detection

Wind Turbine

Fault Diagnosis/Prognosis

Generator

Health Status Prediction

Maintenance Scheduling

Design Improvement

Reliability Evaluation

Fault Analysis and Simulation


21

Wind Power in Electricity Market



Domestic loads

Industrial loads

City loads

Wind

farms

CHP plant

Systems with High Level Integration of Renewable

Generation Unit (DSF 2104-05-0043)

1) WT power factor setting for minimizing losses,

2) short-term distribution system planning,

3) cable selection for wind farm network,

4) wind turbine capacity and energy curtailment,

5) frequency deviation analysis.

Wind power: limited autoregressive

integrated moving average (LARIMA) model

CHP generation: discrete Markov model

with multiple transition matrices

Load seasonal autoregressive moving

average (ARMA) model

Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, [email protected] 23


Oscillation Performance and Wide-area Coordination

Control of Power System with Large-scale Wind Farms

•Study the influence of wind

farm integration on power

system oscillation

• Design a wide-area

damping control strategy,

coordinating PSS, FACTS

damping controller and wind

farm damping controller

Gen 1

Area 2

Area 1 Area 3

Gen 2

Gen 3

Gen 4

Gen 5

Gen 6

Gen 7

Gen 8

Gen 10

Gen 9

Bus 1

Bus 2

Bus 30

Bus 37

Bus 25

Bus 18

Bus 17

Bus 27

Bus 26Bus 28

Bus 29

Bus 38

Bus 24

Bus 35

Bus 22Bus 21

Bus 16

Bus 15

Bus 19 Bus 23

Bus 36Bus 33

Bus 34Bus 32

Bus 20

Bus 10

Bus 11

Bus 13

Bus 9

Bus 8

Bus 6

Bus 14Bus 4

Bus 39

Bus 5

Bus 7

Bus 31

Bus 12

Line 27

Line 25 Line 26

Line 31

Lin

e 3

2

Lin

e 3

3

Lin

e 2

8

Lin

e 1

3

Lin

e 1

2

Lin

e 1

1

Lin

e 6

Lin

e 7

Lin

e 4

Lin

e 1

0

Lin

e 2

Lin

e 1

Lin

e 1

9

Lin

e 0

Lin

e 9

Lin

e 2

1

Lin

e 8

Line 20

Line 24

Line 15

Lin

e 1

4L

ine

16

Lin

e 1

7L

ine

18

Lin

e 3

0L

ine

29

Load 25

Bus 3

Load 3

Load 18

Load 4

Load 39

Load 7

Load 8

Load 31

Load 12

Load 19

Load 15

Load 16

Load 21

Load 24

Load 27

Load 28

Load 26 Load 29

Load 23

Lin

e 3

Lin

e 5

Lin

e 2

2L

ine

23



Danish Power system Hybrid Dual-infeed HVDC system model

BUS1

BUS2

Grid side

Norway AC

system

CB1 CB2

CB3 CB4

LCC HVDC link

VSC HVDC link

Tie line

G

G

BUS3

BUS4

Shunt

capacitors

Gen1

Gen2

Back to Back

Wind Farm

DC breaker1

DC breaker2

Load1 Load2

Load3 Load4

Research on hybrid multi-in feed HVDC system

with large scale offshore wind farms



North Sea Offshore Grid Study


EU-Power Cluster

Supergrid, VSC HVDC

System stability

Economics


Thank You !

ET-AAU conducts active research in wind power

with close cooperation with industry, national and

internation research institutions,

ET-AAU welcome to develop international

collaboration.



Organisation Department of Energy Technology

Strategic Networks: • EMSD • CEES • ECPE • VE-NET • DUWET • WEST • VPP • REN-DK • HUB NORTH • Energy Sponsor Programme

Fluid Power and Mechatronic

Systems

Fluid Mechanics and Combustion

Electric Power Systems

Power Electronic Systems

Electrical Machines

• 60 VIP • 80 PhD • 20 Guest Researchers • 10 Research Assistants • 30 TAP

Lab. Facilities: • Power Electronics Systems • Drive Systems Tests • Fluid Power • Power Systems & RTDS • Micro Grid • High Voltage • DSpace • PV Converter & Systems • Laser Systems • Fuel Cell Systems • Battery Test • EMC • Vehicles Test Lab • Biomass Conversion Facilities • Proto Type Facilities

Thermal Energy Systems

Smart Grids and Active Networks

Wind Power Systems

Fluid Power in Wind and Wave Energy

Biomass

Photovoltaic Systems

Modern Power Transmission Systems

Fuel Cell and Battery Systems

Automotive and Industrial Drives

Efficient and Reliable Power Electronics

Thermoelectrics

Green Buildings

Multi-disciplinary Research Programmes

Microgrids

Energy in Aalborg

Master of Science in Energy Engineering Bachelor of Science in Energy

5th–6th semester 1st–4th semester 1st semester MSc 2nd-4th semester MSc

Power Electronics and Drives (PED)

Electrical Power Systems and High Voltage Engineering (EPSH)

Wind Power Systems (WPS)

Mechatronic Control Engineering (MCE)

Thermal Energy and Process Engineering (TEPE)

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Technology (HYTEC)

Basic courses in math, thermal,

electrical, mechanical,

thermodynamic and control engineering

Specialisation in Electric Energy

Engineering (EEE)

Specialisation in Mechatronic

Control Engineering (MCE)

Specialisation in Thermal

Engineering (TEE)

Specialisation in Electric Energy

Engineering (EEE)

INTRO semester

Specialisation in Mechatronic Control Engineering (MCE)

INTRO semester

Specialisation in Thermal Engineering

(TEE)

INTRO semester

International Students

Master of Science in

Sustainable Energy Engineering Bachelor of Science in Energy

5th–6th semester 1st–4th semester 1st semester MSc 2nd-4th semester MSc

Basic courses in math, thermal,

electrical, mechanical,

thermodynamic and control engineering

Specialisation in Combustion Technology

INTRO semester

Specialisation in Offshore Energy

Systems

INTRO semester

Specialisation in Wind Turbine

Systems

INTRO semester

International Students

Specialisation in Thermal

Processes

Specialisation in Dynamic Systems

Specialisation in Combustion Technology

Specialisation in Offshore Energy

Systems

Specialisation in Wind Turbine

Systems

Energy in Esbjerg

research and development activities in wind power · •fault ride through and system protection...

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