research and application on hvdc and dc grid in china facts: the largest vsc‐hvdc system...
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C-EPRI
—Proven technology to transmit and connect
State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute, SGCC
Dr. Guangfu Tang
September 2013
C-EPRI
Research and Application on HVDC and DC Grid in China
Research and Application on HVDC and DC Grid in China
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各位领导专家莅临指导
Table of Contents
2
3
5
1 Introduction
4
UHVDC Key Technology
Conclusion
VSC‐HVDC Technology
DC Grid
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Power Transmission Evolvement
Rectifier station OHL Inverter station
Mode 1: AC‐DC‐AC
Step‐up DC/DC converter
Step‐down DC/DC converter
DC cable or OHL
Mode 2: DC‐DC‐DC
Power transmission has experienced a history from DC‐based to AC‐based technology. However, the past several decades have seen the return of DC transmission, which is gaining increasing popularity.
With emerging demands and technological development, a complete independent DC gird can be expected in the future.
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1990: First proposed by
McGill University (Canada)
Modern DC Transmission
Mercury arc valve
Thyristor valve
Turn‐off valve
1972: the first DC project
using thyristor valve in Canada.
•ABB: HVDC Light•Siemens: HVDC Plus•C‐EPRI: HVDC Flexible•Alstom: HVDC MaxSine
1928: Gate‐controlled mercury
arc valve was developed.
1954: the first DC project using mercury arc valve in Sweden.
1997: the first VSC‐HVDC project commission in
Sweden.
Evolvement
1956: Thyristortechnology was invented by Bell
Labs.
The upward tendency of VSC‐HVDC capacity and DC voltage
With the development of converter technology, the voltage and power ratings of VSC‐HVDC are increasingly growing. The reduction in system loss and cost has greatly boosted the application of VSC‐HVDC technology.
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China’s Power Grid Need
The future western energy bases will includes hydro-power,coal-fired power, wind energy and solar power in China.
Several large scale wind farms had been developing in China.
In the foreseeable future, China has a consistent demand forbulk power long distance transmission. We can foresee that theannual per capita electricity consumption doubles by 2030.
At present, the transmission capacity from China’s westernenergy bases to its eastern load centers reached a capacity of350 GW. But by the 2030, the transfer capacity will reach toabout 675 GW.
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HVDC Projects in Service
Northeast China
Tibet
Northwest China
South China
Taiwan
East China
120&167 kV360&750 MW 2005&2009Linbao BTB North China
Central China
±500 kV, 3000 MW, 2003Three Gorges to
Changzhou
±500 kV, 3000 MW, 2006Three Gorges to Shanghai
±500 kV, 1800 MW, 2001Tianshengqiao to
Guangdong
Long distance
BTB
±150kV 4*750 MW, 2008&2011
Gaoling BTB
±500 kV, 3000 MW, 2010
Deyang-Baoji
±125 kV, 750 MW, 2009Heihe BTB
±500 kV,1200 MW,1989Gezhouba to Shanghai
±800kV, 6400 MW, 2009 Xiangjiaba-Shanghai
±500 kV, 3000 MW, 2004Three Gorges to
Guangdong±800kV, 5000 MW, 2009
Yunnan-Guangdong
±500 kV, 2×3000 MW, 2007
Guiyang to Guangdong
±660kV, 4000MW,2011Ningxia-Shandong
±500kV, 3000 MW,2010Hulunbuir-Liaoning
±400kV, 1200MW2012
Qinghai-Tibet
500kV, 3000MW2011
Jingzhou-Shanghai
Capacity of HVDC Projects in service : above 55GW
±800kV, 7200MW2012
Jinping-Sunan
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Ongoing HVDC Projects
Northeast China
Tibet
Northwest China
South China Taiwan
East China
North China
Central China
LCC-HVDC
VSC-HVDC
±320kV, 1000MW2018
Dalian, Liaoning
±200kV 400/300/100/100/100MW
2014Zhoushan, Zhejiang
±160kV, 200MW2013
Nan’ao, Guangdong
±800kV,8000MW2013
Hami-Zhengzhou
±800kV, 8000MW2014
Xiluodu-Zhexi
±800kV, 8000MW2015
Ningdong-Zhexi
Capacity of ongoing UHVDC & VSC-HVDC Projects: above 27GW
±320kV, 1000MW2015
Xianmen, Fujian
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China UHVDC Planning
华北
南方
东北
西藏
台湾
西北
华中
上海
华东
新疆
川渝
金沙江水电
四川水电
西藏水电
Energy Resource and Power Consumption Distribution China UHVDC Planning Map
By 2030, SGCC has planned to construct 27 UHVDC links, and form a strong and smart power grid characteristic of AC/DC coordinated existence.
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Table of Contents
2
3
5
1 Introduction
4
UHVDC Key Technology
Conclusion
VSC‐HVDC Technology
DC Grid
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UHVDC transmission provides an effective solution to support China’s West‐to‐East power transfer and continental interconnection of power between Asia and Europe.
The mainstream voltage ratings for UHVDC application include, ±800kV(5000A), ±800kV(6250A) and ±1100(5000A)
Transmission Voltage/current Economical transfer capacity
Transmission distance
AC 500kV 1000MW 300~500km
AC 1000kV 5000MW 1000~2000km
DC ±500kV 3000MW 500~1500km
DC ±800kV/5000A 8000MW 1000~2000km
DC ±800kV/6250A 10000MW 1000~2000km
DC ±1100kV/5000A 11000MW 1500~3000km
UHVDC Transmission
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Valve system broadband and distributed parameter extraction.
Converter valve nonlinear components coordination and optimization.
Converter valve multi‐physics modeling and numerical analysis.
Thyristor intelligent triggering and monitoring. Valve system insulation coordination and overvoltage
protection strategy. UHVDC valve voltage grading and shielding. Converter valve multi‐source synthetical equivalent
test method…
±800kV UHVDC valve prototype
±800kV/5000A Valve R&DConverter valve is the core equipment for power conversion between AC and DC in UHVDC transmission. SGRI has developed the ±800kV /5000A converter valve, and key technologies include:
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Jinping‐Sunan UHVDC transmission
±800kV/5000A Valve Application
Main data
Rated Voltage ±800kV Rated current 4500A Rated capacity 7200MW Transmission distance 2100km Commissioning year 2012
The Jinping‐Sunan ±800kV UHVDC project was successful put into operation on July 19, 2012. SGRI supplied converter valves for the project; all the valves are running reliably in good health.
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±800kV/5000A Valve Application
Rated Voltage ±800kV Rated current 5000A Rated capacity 8000MW Transmission distance 2210km Commissioning year 2013
Hami‐Zhengzhou
The two UHVDC projects are the world’s largest of its kind under construction
Xiluodu‐ZhejiangRated Voltage ±800kV Rated current 5000A Rated capacity 8000MW Transmission distance 1688km Commissioning year 2014
YinbinJinhua
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±1100kV converter valve prototype
±1100kV Converter Valve R&DIn 2013, SGRI developed the prototype of ±1100kV UHVDCconverter valve, which has already passed complete type tests.
Technical challenges conquered
Large stray parameter complex system nonlinear comprehensive index optimization at higher voltage levels
Valve strong electromagnetic interference characteristic analysis and safety protection at higher voltage levels
Valve heavy current, multi‐physics coupling , severe stress analysis and design at higher voltage levels, and key components development
……
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±1100kV Valve Application
Zhundong‐Wuhan UHVDC transmission project
DC voltage: ±1100kV
DC current: 5000A
Capacity: 11000MW
Transmission distance: 3200km
Execution period:
From 2013 to 2015
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±800kV/6250A Valve R&D
Thyristor damping circuit parameter optimization under
heavy currentKey valve assembly
electrical, mechanical, thermal, insulation and aging characteristics under heavy current
Valve tower seismic analysis and design under heavy current stress
Low heat dissipation saturated reactor and high‐efficient cooling technique
Test method study and test capability enhancement under heavy currents.
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Mengxi‐Wuhan UHVDC transmission project
±800kV/6250A Valve R&D
DC voltage: ±800kV
DC current: 6250A
Capacity: 10000MW
Transmission distance: 1400km
Execution period: From 2013 to 2015
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Table of Contents
2
3
5
1 Introduction
4
UHVDC key Technology
Conclusion
VSC‐HVDC Technology
DC Grid
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VSC‐HVDC technology HVDC Flexible (VSC‐HVDC) is a novel transmission technology employing
IGBT as the switching element for power conversion. Can operate in full four quadrants, and achieve independent control of
both active and reactive power by changing phase angle and magnitude of the output voltage.
191919
Uc> Usδ >0
Uc> Usδ <0
Uc< Usδ >0
Uc< Usδ <0c
css
c
cs
XUUUQ
XUUP
)cos(
sin
0sU sU cU
QP
CjX
cU
sU
Quick facts: The largest VSC‐HVDC system commissioned: 500MW/±200kV; The largest under construction: 2×1000MW/±320kV.
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Nanhui Wind Farm Integration Demonstration Project
Chinese first VSC-HVDC transmission scheme for wind farm integration.
A turnkey project executed by SGRI, including system design, manufacturing, testing and commissioning.
直流输电线路
南汇风电场
大治
书院宏祥
公平
Geography map of Nanhui project Nanfeng converter station
Power rating 18MW/20MVADC/AC voltage ±30kV/35kVCable length 8.4km XLPETopology VSC‐HVDC
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The 1000MW/±320kV converter valveand Valve Base Controller (VBC) were developed on the basis of the low power rating pilot project; both converter valve and VBC have passed complete type tests with the witness of DNV KEMA.
High Power VSC‐HVDC Equipment
The prototype of station control and protection system was developed, and passed all type tests.
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Description Data
Capacity 1000MWDC voltage ±320kV
Cable length 15km
High Power VSC‐HVDC
Description DataCapacity 1000MWDC voltage ±320kV
Cable length 53km
Cable route:53km
Sending: Northern end of City power grid
Receiving: Southern end of City Power Grid
Xiamen Island In‐feed Dalian City In‐feed
Receiving station
Sending station
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Table of Contents
2
3
5
1 Introduction
4
UHVDC Key Technology
Conclusion
VSC‐HVDC Technology
DC Grid
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Power grid and equipment standardization
Offline and real‐time simulation: DC grid modeling, DC grid real‐time simulation, DC grid offline simulation
Distributed coordination control: control strategy for coordinated DC/AC grids operation, DC grid flow control and voltage control
Wide area measurement and fault detection
Fault isolation and protection
Safety reliability assessment: System reliability assessment and equipment reliability assessment, etc.
Core equipment research and development: high‐voltage DC circuit breaker, DC/DC converter, etc.
Key Technologies Required
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Core DC Grid Equipment
KSM SM
SM SM
New type hybrid DC circuit breaker New type DC/DC converter
DC circuit breaker: is used to disconnect fault current of DCtransmission line.
DC/DC converter: is used to interconnect DC system andnetworks at different voltage ratings.
……
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Multi‐terminal VSC‐HVDC
Description DataStation of the
highest capacity 400MW
DC voltage ±200kVNo. of terminals 5
Nan’aoGuangdong
Description DataStation of the
highest capacity 200MW
DC voltage ±160kVNo. of terminals 4
Zhoushan Multi‐terminal Nan’ao Multi‐terminal
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There is no redundancy in the existing Zhoushan system, and power supply reliability is low.
Connect Zhoushan station to Yangshan station, and at the same time, connect Sijiao station to Qushan station, and thus a loop links all ends.
Connect Zhoushan station to Sijiao station and Qushan station respectively, thus forming a system with redundancy and high reliability.
27
Zhoushan DC GridPhase 1
Stage 3
Stage 2Phase 2
Phase 3
Based on the Zhoushan Multi‐terminal pilot project, the research and application of DC grid technology can be carried out in a phased manner.
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Table of Contents
2
3
5
1 Introduction
4
UHVDC Key Technology
Conclusion
VSC‐HVDC Technology
DC Grid
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ConclusionUHVDC technology will provide an effective solution
to bulk power long distance transmission for China’s power transfer ambitions.China is currently accelerating its UHVDC construction,
and trying to shape a hybrid power network featuringinterconnected strong AC and strong DC grids.The increasing tendency of global resource integration
fosters wide UHVDC applications in countries andregions like China, East Europe, andSouth America, etc.
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Connection of wind power in the North Sea
and the Baltic Sea
Connection of abundant solar energy
in the Mediterranean
Conclusion
VSC-HVDC, in combination with DC grid technology will provide an effective solution to emerging problems associated with renewable integration and urban loop network control.
There will be more DC placementsin China’s eastern, central and southern areas. It’ll bring a lot of problems of commutation failure.The VSC-HVDC can provide a good solution in the future.
“Super Grid” shows an ambitious plan in Europe.
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Thank you very much for your attention.
Deliver Green Power Shape Future Grid
C‐EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd.
Email: [email protected]
Address: No.16 Nanzhong Road, Nanshao Town, Changping
District, Beijing 102200, China