research 1 audio visual actuators

8/8/2019 Research 1 Audio Visual Actuators

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8 mm single color LEDs

32mm 8*8 Square Matrixwww.e

lechou

se.com

www.e

lechouse.com

Audio-Visual Actuation: light and sound

LEDs

The most popular visual actuator is the Light

Emitting Diode(LED). These lights come in various

different forms. The image on the right shows single

color 8 mm LEDs. There are different sizes - 3mm,

5mm, 8mm and 10mm.

The LEDs are sometimes mounted on a board

and arranged into grids. The image on the right shows

a 32mm 8*8 square matrix. Such boards come in vari-

ous sized and the lights can be different colors.

CH.01 CH.02 CH.03 CH.04 CH.05 CH.06 CH.07 CH.08 CH.09


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RGB LED

IR transmitter + receiverwww.e

lechou

se.com

www.detail.en.c

hina.cn/

Audio - Visual Actuation: light and sound

LEDs

Besides single color LEDs, most sources of-

fer RGB LEDs. These light bulbs have all three color

components (red, green, and blue) and are able to

produce any desired color. They are bigger in size.

The image on the right shows IR (infrered) LED

transmitter and receiver. These two lights come in

pairs and can be used in many different conditions.

An example of their use is to detect motion. The trans-

mitter LED is constantly sending a signal to the re-

ceiver. Once the signal is interrupted ( by the presenceof something or somebody), the system detects the

change.


CH 09 CH 08 CH 07 CH 06 CH 05 CH 04 CH 03 CH 02 CH 01


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LED bar graph

DE sinewinder lightswww.robotsh

op.com

http://www.yo

utube.com/watch?v=vjvlZ9Nc

VcI

www.sparkfun.com

Audio - Visual Actution: light and sound

LEDs

LEDs can also be mounted on different sur-

faces. This particular image show a 10 segment bar

graph. It can be plugged into a breadboard and con-

nected to Arduino. The different bars light up when

electricity is sent to them.

Dimension Engineering sinewinder lights are

easy to plug into arduino and have an interesting ef-fect. There are 12 LEDs that scan from one side to the

other and leave a slight trail behind.




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Moving Message Display

LCD 16*4 characterswww.e

lechou

se.com

www.e

lechouse.com


Displays

The moving message display on the right has

seven segments each connected to a different LED

and lights up when electricity is sent to it. Such dis-

plays can be used for moving message boards, bank-

ing boards, score boards and any other display that

used the system for writing information. They come in

different colors and sizes.

LCDs (liquid crystal displays) come in different

sizes and colors. The colors of the dispay background

and characters varies as well. There are dusplays with

different number of rows and characters.




5/21

5mW Laser Module Emitter

Solar Cellwww.d

irectindustry.com

www.e

lechouse.com


lasers + solar cells

Laser module emitters can be found in different

colors - RGB. They produce a intense and concen-

trated beam of light that can travel long distance.

Solar cells are becomming widely used to col-

lect solar power. They can either be used to collect

and store the power or to power devices as they col-

lect the sunlight. They come in diffent sizes dependingon the necessary power.




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Parallax ColoPal

ShitBritewww.macete

ch.com

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7aUaM

iqoIE

www.pololu.com


light actuators

There are some devices that are able to detect

light and generate light. The image on the right com-

bines an RGB LED, light sensor, and a microcontroller

that can be used as ambient light detector and color

generator.

ShiftBrite is a high brightness LED light that has

all three color components and therefore can produce

any desired color. It can t on a breadboard and can

be powered by 5.5 - 9 volt supply. SHiftBrite is usuallyused for larger and brighter displays.




7/21

Daniel Rozin - Weave Mirror

Flag Hologram, Ellis Islandhttp://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/7a9DWV1JTuFjp6NnDUiJOA

http://www.smoothware.com/danny/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZysu9QcceM


physical pixels + holograms

An interesting approach to visual actuation is

the use of physical objects to create images. The in-

stallation shown on the right is Daniel Rozins Weave

Mirror. It uses C-shaped strips with a grey gradient.

The strips are controlled by a motor and react to a

camera to rotate to the necessary gradient in order torecreate an image.

This installation of the ag uses different panels

to create a hologram. Depending on what side of the

installtion a person is standing, the image changes.

The panels also rotate in order to reveal several im-

ages.



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9/21

moving surace projection

ice + water eects on screenhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pc2sSW

do25I

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7Oz-cOKQzI


projections

The image on the right is captured from a video

that shows an example of projecting on a moving sur-

face. With the help of tracking the moving object and

mapping the desired image on it, the projection follows

the object. This method is used in many installations

and interactive exhibitions.

Interactive installations allow for many different

effects. In this particular image, the person is inter-

acting with the screen projection. The system detects

the presence and particular movements of the person

and replicates them on the screen adding different ef-

fects.



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og projection

3D projection on 2Dhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nl-DkF2

AjOA&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_

5dDAn6pWyA&p=81B7DF0555955

B2E&playnext=1&index=15


projections

Projections can be very interesting when the

environment is creative. In this case, the video is be-

ing projected on fog/smoke and the interaction with

the viewer is quite different. The image seems three-

dimensional and yet transparent since the surface is

actually fog.

Another interesting approach to projections is

showing a three-dimensional movie on a two-dimen-

sional surface. The video on the right shows how a

wall can be transformed into a moving matrix of boxes.

The surface is actually becomming a three-dimension-

al object.



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projecting on 3D object

multi-screen projection

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gCZUyY305Oo


projections

Images and videos can also be projected on a

three-dimensional object. This example shows a cube

that takes information from three different projectors to

create this effect. The images can be used to create

various effects.

Multi-screen displays are usually used in large

events and exhibitions. Many concerts and games use

this technique in order to enlarge the desired image.

The displays work by separating the image into differ-

ent parts and sending each part to a different display.



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backlit display projection

transparent display projection


projections

Backlit projections can be used in interactive

installations when the interaction happens in front of

the screen. This technology allows for avoiding inter-

ruptions caused by shadows. There are screens and

projector displays that can be used.

Transparent dispays are also available for pro-

jections. They are mostly used for movie effects, store-

fornts, and many high-trafc areas as dispay boards.

The image is projected from the back or front or side.



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Sending inormation

UDP header structurehttp://en.w

ikibooks.org/wiki/Computer_Networks/UDP

http://en.w

ikipedia.org/w

iki/User_Datagram_

Protocol

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ox8D2YBRIrQ


UDP

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is one of the

main protocols in the Internet Protocol Suite, a set of

network protocols for the internet. UDP is used to send

messages, or datagrams, to other hosts without prior

set up of transmission channels or datya paths.

It is a simple transmission model and useful forsending information fast and easy. However, it is not

a reliable service and datagrams may arrive out of

order, apprear duplicated or go missing without a no-

tice.

It provides for a conectionless transmission of

data and many users prefer it over TCP - Transmis-

sion Control Protocol, which is designed to secure thesending and receiving data in the exact desired man-

ner.



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Semi-transparent Concrete

Fibers + LED lit Plexi

http://tywkiwdbi.blogspot.com/2009/03/semi-transpare

nt-concrete.h

tml


light conductivity

The image on the right shows semi-transparent

concrete. It is construction-grade concrete with optical

bers embedded in it. The can bers transmit light for

up to 50 feet, but do not take much of the space so the

structural integrity of the material is kept.

Optical bers have been used in many light in-

stallations, lamps etc. They work by trapping the light

within and letting it out when there is a cut. The image

if the plexi-glass shown on the right uses the same

principle. The letters are engraved into the plaxi and

an LED sends light through it. The letters glow be-

cause they are cuts (interruption) on the material.



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Light reection

Light polarizationRelevantwe

bsiteoftheprovider

Relevantyoutubevideowebaddress


natural light

There are several important principles that de-

scribe the nature of light and how it travels. The rst

image explains the light reection when light hits a

reective surface, in this case a mirror. The impor-

tant note to remember is that, the angle of incidence

equals the angle of reection. This is important whendealing with collection and distribution of light.

This mage shows the polarization of light. Light

coming from the sun has waves that oscillate in planes

in all different directions. If we have a screen that has

slits in only one direction, light waves oscillating only

in that plane are able to pass through.Threfore, we are

able to use polarizers to manipulate light.



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Convex lens

Concave lenshttp://www.p

assmyexams.co.u

k/GCSE/ph

ysics/concave_

&_

convex.

html

http://www.passmyexam

s.co.u

k/GCSE/physics/concave_

&_

convex.

html


light lenses

Convex lenses are thicker at the middle. Rays

of light that pass through the lens are brought closer

together (they converge). A convex lens is a converg-

ing lens. When parallel rays of light pass through a

convex lens the refracted rays converge at one point

called the principal focus. The distance between theprincipal focus and the centre of the lens is called the

focal length.

Convex lenses are thinner at the middle. Rays

of light that pass through the lens are spread out (they

diverge). A convex lens is a diverging lens. When par-

allel rays of light pass through a concave lens the re-

fracted rays diverge so that they appear to come from

one point called the principal focus. The distance be-

tween the principal focus and the centre of the lens is

called the focal length.



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Light flters

Solar tracking heliostathttp://www.y

outube.com/watch?v=5xDSueV45pg

http://micro.m

agnet.fsu.

edu/primer/lightandcolor/ltersintro.h

tmlAudio - Visual Actution: light and sound

flters + heliostats

Light lters can be used for different light ef-

fects. They consist of a thin lm that is able to trap

some light and reect other so that desired colors and

effects are perceived. Filters can be placed on cam-

eras, projectors, etc.

Solar tracking is becomming more and more

used for solar power. The image on the right shows a

device that follows the sun and collects the solar ener-

gy. A system like this can be connected to arduino and

works with a simple program. It takes the light intensity

read from three photocells and a motor responds to

the readings.



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Buzzer

Piezo speakerhttp://www.lizarum.com/assignments/physical_computing/2009/piezo.

html

http://www.sparkfun.com

/commerce/product_info.p

hp

?products_

id=7950


speakers

The image on the right shows a 12mm buzzer

that can be used to generate tones when attached to

arduino. It can be create simple music or user inter-

faces.

The piezo is an electronic device that can de-

tect and generate sound. It uses two metal plates that

vibrate when electricity is sent to them. The device

can be seen as shown at right or in a small black cov-

er. When connected to arduino, it can make simple

melodies.



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Audio module

Audio modulehttp://www.e

lechouse.com/elechouse/index.p

hp?main_

page=product_

info&cPath=

168_

170&products_

id=623

http://www.sparkfun.com

/commerce/product_info.p

hp

?products_

id=9534


audio modules

The image on the right is a SOMO-14D audio

module. It is a tiny audio module that can play back

stored audio les from a micro-SD memory card. The

module supports 4-bit ADPCM audio les (.ad4) with

sample rates from 6kHz up to 36kHz. The compact

14-pin module takes up very minimal board space andis ideal for any application that requires embedded au-

dio.

There are several different types of audio mod-

ules that can be found on the market. Depending on

what the device needs to do, there are different op-

tions.

This audio device a little different from the on

eabove. It has built-in ash which has several advan-

tages: mechanical contact can be avoided, no loosen-

ing problem as with SD cards, no compatability issues.

It is suitable for applications with vibrations. It supports

mp3 format and has a high quality stereo output.



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SoundPAL

Speakers

Rhttp://www.parallax.co

m/Store/Accessories/Sound/tabid/164/Catego-

ryID/38/List/0/Level/a/ProductID/482/Default.aspx?So

rtField=ProductN

ame%2CProductName


audio devices

The image on the right shows SoundPAL which

is small device that can play canned and custom

sound sequences. It is completely self-contained and

icludes a microcontroller which creates sounds and a

small speaker to play them. It is very easy to connect

and the programs which it needs are very simple.

A sound actuator that is more known in every-

day life is the speaker. There are speakers in all differ-

ent shapes, colors, sizes and they can be connected

to an interactive system in order to amplify the sound

effect.


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research 1 audio visual actuators

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