MINISTRYOFINFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGY

REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIA

MsElizabethUjaruraKamutuezuDeputyDirector:MinistryofICT

RepublicofNamibia,

IEEEETAPForum

30May2017

InternetGovernanceandCybersecurityinNamibia

Background

§ NamibiabecameIndependentonthe21stMarch1990fromSouthAfricancolonialregime.

§ Thecountrytotalspaceis824,000sqkmandWindhoekisthecapitalcity.

§ Thetotalpopulationis2.1millionwhilefemalepopulationis50.7%andmajorityofthepopulationresidesinruralareas.

§ NamibiaissharingborderswithSouthAfrica,Angola,Zambia,BotswanaandZimbabwe.

§ NamibiahaseleventribesandEnglishistheofficiallanguagewhileAfrikaansisalsospokenbymajority.

Introduction It is evident that Internet is most connected and least protectedand the expansion of cyberspace becomes salience feature of ourdaily life. Namibia enjoys over 100% mobile phone penetration;about 72.12% access to internet and 53% population has access tobroadband. Cybersecurity plays a pivotal role in the continuingdevelopment of information technology and Internet services. Inorder to safeguard Namibia’s security and economic wellbeing, itis vital that the Country enhance cyber security and to protectinformation infrastructure and equally important is ensuring thatthe Internet is safe and that the growing numbers of Internetusers are protected. This call for government intervention todevelop appropriate legal responses as a result the Namibiangovernment has drafted Electronic Transaction and CybercrimeBill to address problems pertaining to safety and security of digitalcommunications of any mode.

Namibia ICT Legal framework

NamibiahasasoundICTlegalframeworkthatfacilitateinvestmentintheICTsector.Afterindependencesince1990,NamibiadevelopedaseriesoflawsandpoliciesthataimedatpromotingICTinNamibiaandtheseare:1. NamibianCommunicationsAct,20092. OverarchingICTPolicy,20093. TelecommunicationsPolicy,4. BroadcastingAct19905. PostalPolicyandNewLicensingFramework6. UniversalAccessPolicy7. DigitalTerrestrialTelevisionPolicyGuidelines

Namibia ICT at Glance § West Africa Cable System (WACS) connectivity in 2011 and in 2012 Telecom Namibia (100%

state owned company) inaugurated the West Africa Cable System (WACS) submarine cablethat links 14 countries (International);

§ 143 Post Offices countrywide;§ Telecom Namibia has laid about 7755 Km fiber optic cable across the country;§ The Ministry of ICT has established 26 Multi-Sectoral Community Centres (MSCC) across

the country;§ There are 342 FM radio transmitters, 57 TV transmitters and 36 studios;§ Telecom Namibia has established 193 base stations / PoPs for Broadband coverage§ MTC has established 661 active base stations / PoPs for Voice and Data connections, of which

221 are providing broadband (>1mbps) data services;§ Direct Marine Cable Connectivity: SAT-3; WACS; SEACOM; 4 International PoPs;§ National Backbone Network: 100% Digital; 9,025 km fibre; 295 PoPs; 228 Digital

Destinations; 178 Towers;§ The are four Telecoms Operators: GSM-Based; 2 x Mobile, 2 x Fixed§ There are six Internet Service Providers ;§ The National IXP was commissioned in 2014;§ Broadband Access: 3G and 4G/ LTE networks ;§ Access and Penetration: 7% fixed line; +120% mobile and 13% Internet;§ On the 17 June , 2015 The Namibia Broadcasting Corporation NBC (parastatal) has migrated

from Analogue Television Broadcasting to Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) broadcastingDTT Migration: +70% DTT population coverage

IGF Objectives q Serves as a forum for multistakeholders policy dialogue to

discuss public policy issues related to key elements of Internetgovernance

q Discuss public policy issues related to key elements of Internetgovernance in order to foster the sustainability, robustness,security, stability and development of the Internet

q Support international and regional coordination andcollaboration

q Discuss, inter alia, issues relating to critical Internet resources;q Help to find solutions to the issues arising from the use and

misuse of the Internet, of particular concern to everydayusers.

IGF Benefits

qFree flow of ideas, knowledge and information over theinternet-It allows participants to discuss freely, tovoice their opinions, to think aloud, to think out of the box.qResolve issues related to security of user or networkqEstablish standards of exchange of information to avoidpiracyqDeveloping methods to keep personal and confidentialdata secrecyqExplore methods and policies for better internetperformance and governance

Stakeholders

NIGF

GRN

PrivateSector

DomainName

Regulator

CivilSociety

SeverOperatorsNGOs

ServerOperators

Consumers

Academics

ISP

AnyonewhohasastakeinthefutureoftheInternet

WorkingCommittee

qMulti-Stakeholder Coordinating TeamqDisseminate all relevant information pertaining toNamIGF to all relevant stakeholders through theNamIGF website and emailing list

q Collaborate with partners to mobilise resources tosupport the Nam IGF programme

qOrganise NamIGF every year

DefiningCyberCrime

CyberCrime- anycriminalactdealingwithcomputersandnetworks,wherethecomputerisatool,target,orboth

TypesofOffencesq Offences against confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer Data

and Systems• Illegal access (hacking) – unlawful access to a computer system.• Illegal data acquisition (data espionage) – internet used to obtain trade

secrets/personal information such as bank account or credit card numbers.• Illegal Interception: offenders can intercept communications between users

to record information exchanged.• Data interference: users depend on the availability of data and interference

can result in financial losses.q Content related offences• This category covers content that is considered illegal such as child

pornography and xenophobic material, libel and false information, spam,copyright and related offences, trademark related offences etc.

TypesofOffencesqComputer related offences• Computer-related Fraud: it enables the offender to use automation and software tools

to mask criminals identities.

• Computer related forgery: refers to the manipulation of digital documents e.g. Alteringtext documents.

• Phishing: acts that are carried out to make victims disclose personal information.

• identity theft: criminal act of fraudulently obtaining and using another persons identity.

• misuse of devices: specially designed software tools used to attack other computers.

qCombination offencesThis category covers various terms used to describe complex scams thatcombine a number of different offences. For example: phishing and cyberlaundering.

DriversofCybercrimeqWeaktechnology

qVulnerable/unauthorisedsoftware

qLimitedaccountability

qInconsistentandincompletelegislation/regulations

qDifficultytrackingandprosecutingcriminals

qLimitedjurisdiction

qUninformed,misguidedandmalicioususers- weakpasswords,divulgingpasswords,openingunknownemails

WhoareCyberCriminals?qHackersqMalicious insidersqIndustrial espionageqBored, disgruntled, or overburdened employeesqNaïve/uninformed computer usersqOrganized crimeqTerroristsqPaedophiles and molestersqPetty criminalsqForeign governments

Achievements

q EstablishedNIGFWorkingCommitteeq NIGFwillbehostedinOctober2017q InprocessofEstablishingCIRTq ElectronicTransactionandcybercrimeBill

underpublicconsultation

Challenges

q TheIGFisnotadecision-makingbodyq Cybercrimeisborderlessq ThecommonchallengesareLackofalegal

andregulatoryframeworktoensurecybersecurity

q Thereislackofinformation,statisticsandrecordsofcybercrimecommittedinNamibiaduetoabsenceoflaws,lackofcapacityandgeneralawarenessofcybercrime.

Challenges

q Lackofpublicprivateinstitutionalcollaboration

q LowtechnicalcapacityandhumancapacityITskills.Systemspoorlydesignedandpoorlymanaged

q Socialnetworkingisontheriseandincreasinglycybercrimesareperpetratedthroughthesocialnetworks(Facebook,twitteretc.)

What can be done

q PublicAdvocacy/Awarenessq Conducivelegalenvironmentq InstitutionalCapacityBuildingq Harmonisationoflaws(Nationaland

International

ConclusionqThegovernmentneedstoworkcloselywiththecorporateentities;privatesectortoensuretheeffectiveimplementationcybersecuritystrategylawsonceisenacted.

qTheprivatesectorisakeystakeholdertocombatcybercrime,sincetheysupplymostoftherelevanttechnology,operatesmostofthesystemsandnetworks.Theprivateoperatorsarealsovictimsofcybercrimeandsomeattackscanleadtomassivefinanciallossthatwillnegativelyaffecttheeconomy.

qBalancingSecurityvsPrivacy

Thank You